Surname 1 Name: Instructor: Course: Date: The Decline and fall of Enron The merging of Enron of InterNorth Inc. in Ohama and Natural Gas Co. in Houston in 1985 formed the Enron Company. Following the merging, the company was rebranded to energy trader and supplier by the chief executive officer (CEO). Enron took advantage of the deregulation of energy which allowed companies to predict the future prices of oil. Consequently, Enron flourished and at the end of the 1990s its shares were its shares were worth $90.75. However, by December 2001, the company was declared bankrupt and the shares worth had declined to $0.26. Its fall affected thousands of employees and strongly shook the Wall Street.  Many economists believe that the exposed criminality in Enron that was admissible in the court of law was the cause of the decline and fall of the company. However, the true cause of the fall was selfishness by company management that applied some legally acceptable half-truths including equating value to shareholder value, the view of a man as economic man, the view of the society as a rising tide of prosperity and the view of leadership as heroic. Worldwide, there has been a belief that every man is ‘economic man'. Through this belief, man has grown to be self-centered obsessed with increasing personal gains at the expense of others. The belief of economic man brings a wedge of distrust into society (Mintzberg, Robert and Kunal 67). Everyone can only do things for themselves and not for the society. This kind of individualism leads to failure since we are living as individuals but in a social setting. Companies must contribute to the development of the society to enhance their development. Disconnecting from the society will lead to their failure as they operate in a social space. Establishment of the corporations was meant to benefit the society. However, the rhythm has changed to benefit the shareholders disregarding all other stakeholders (Mintzberg, Robert and Kunal 67). Employees bear the greatest pressure in creating the economic performance yet the large share of the profit is divided among the shareholders. Consequently, the employees feel demotivated to work and disconnected to the top management leading to poor productivity. This eventually results in company fall. In many corporations, the shareholders are passively creating a need for heroic leaders. The chief executives are employed as the representatives of the shareholders, and in return, they are rewarded huge amount of money for the performance on behalf of the entire enterprise. Supporting this act is the assumption that equates the chief executive to the enterprise and deemed responsible for the entire performance (Mintzberg, Robert and Kunal 67). In an attempt to fit the heroic images, the chief executives promise grand results at the expense of the other employees. Heroic leadership leads to disconnection of the top leaders and every other employee. Lose of connection discourage.

1. Surname 1
Name:
Instructor:
Course:
Date:
The Decline and fall of Enron
The merging of Enron of InterNorth Inc. in Ohama and Natural
Gas Co. in Houston in 1985 formed the Enron Company.
Following the merging, the company was rebranded to energy
trader and supplier by the chief executive officer (CEO). Enron
took advantage of the deregulation of energy which allowed
companies to predict the future prices of oil. Consequently,
Enron flourished and at the end of the 1990s its shares were its
shares were worth $90.75. However, by December 2001, the
company was declared bankrupt and the shares worth had
declined to $0.26. Its fall affected thousands of employees and
strongly shook the Wall Street.
Many economists believe that the exposed criminality in Enron
that was admissible in the court of law was the cause of the
decline and fall of the company. However, the true cause of the
fall was selfishness by company management that applied some
legally acceptable half-truths including equating value to
shareholder value, the view of a man as economic man, the view
of the society as a rising tide of prosperity and the view of
leadership as heroic.
Worldwide, there has been a belief that every man is ‘economic
man'. Through this belief, man has grown to be self-centered
obsessed with increasing personal gains at the expense of
others. The belief of economic man brings a wedge of distrust
into society (Mintzberg, Robert and Kunal 67). Everyone can
only do things for themselves and not for the society. This kind
of individualism leads to failure since we are living as
individuals but in a social setting. Companies must contribute to

2. the development of the society to enhance their development.
Disconnecting from the society will lead to their failure as they
operate in a social space.
Establishment of the corporations was meant to benefit the
society. However, the rhythm has changed to benefit the
shareholders disregarding all other stakeholders (Mintzberg,
Robert and Kunal 67). Employees bear the greatest pressure in
creating the economic performance yet the large share of the
profit is divided among the shareholders. Consequently, the
employees feel demotivated to work and disconnected to the top
management leading to poor productivity. This eventually
results in company fall.
In many corporations, the shareholders are passively creating a
need for heroic leaders. The chief executives are employed as
the representatives of the shareholders, and in return, they are
rewarded huge amount of money for the performance on behalf
of the entire enterprise. Supporting this act is the assumption
that equates the chief executive to the enterprise and deemed
responsible for the entire performance (Mintzberg, Robert and
Kunal 67). In an attempt to fit the heroic images, the chief
executives promise grand results at the expense of the other
employees. Heroic leadership leads to disconnection of the top
leaders and every other employee. Lose of connection
discourages teamwork and self-motivation leading to eventual
fall of the corporation.
An effective organization is considered to be lean and mean. It
has the meaning that the company should do more with less and
should achieve a win-win situation. Simply, it means lower
costs, increased productivity, happier customers, and flatter
structures (Mintzberg, Robert and Kunal 67). Through the
application of the lean and mean principle, many companies
have laid off many employees in an attempt to minimize cost
while optimizing profit. This has resulted in burned-out
managers, disgruntled customers, angry workers, and quality
loss. Reduced job security has resulted in a feeling of betrayal
among the employees and hence reduced productivity in the

3. long run.
There is a tendency of every individual wanting to prosper in
the society. There has been rhetoric by those in high position
that everyone prospers in a selfish economy. However, the
saying is meant to fuel their selfish motives by the rich at the
expense of the poor. Prosperity has to be both economically and
socially and cannot be measured by an increase in economic
values only (Mintzberg, Robert and Kunal 67). Economic
progression coupled with social regression leads to failure of
corporations.
The deregulation of energy market became the turning point of
the Enron Company. Due to this the company flourished and by
1990 the company had reached its peak. However, this was
followed by a drastic fall and by 2002 the company was
declared bankruptcy. The fall of Enron caused havoc in the
entire Wall Street. Many economists could not understand how
such a big company could collapse overnight. However, the
failure of the company started soon the company adopted
policies that self-centered without considering their
sustainability.
Works Cited
Mintzberg, Henry, Robert Simons, and Kunal Basu. "Beyond
selfishness." MIT Sloan Management Review 44.1 (2002): 67.
Course Description: The purpose of this course is to introduce
health care management students to the procedures associated
with statistics in healthcare. This course will provide students
with comprehensive introduction to basic statistical concepts
used in public health. Students will be presented a variety of
techniques to develop an awareness of how to properly manage

4. data to answer public health research questions.
Course Objectives:
1. Understand the role of Biostatistics in public health
2. Understand the parts of the statistical process such as the
basic concepts of probability, random variation and commonly
used probability distributions.
3. Demonstrate data literacy skills by exploring data to describe
and summarize common types of variables (e.g. continuous,
discrete, categorical) using graphs and summary statistics
4. Design forms to display collected data
Textbooks:
Quirks, T. J. & Cummings, S. M. (2016). Excel 201 for Health
Services Management Statistics: A Guide for Solving Problems,
Excel for Statistics. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40066
McFederies, P. (2016). Teach Yourself Visually: Excel 2016.
Indianapolis, IN: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Harvey, G. (2016). Microsoft Excel 2016 for dummies.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2
Participation: It is expected students will have a basic
understanding of Microsoft Excel. As a result of this being an
online lab course, it is imperative that students complete all
excel assignments in a timely fashion.
_____________________________________________________
_________________________
Health Care Biostatistics Discussion Board: For the health care
biostatistics discussion board forum, students will be required
to interact with other classmates about the statistical concepts
and procedures. More details regarding the discussion boards
will be provided later.
Examinations: There will be one examination which will cover
the material being covered in the course such as assigned
readings and information from the excel spreadsheets.
Evaluation: Activity
% of Grade

5. Practice Tests
10%
Excel Assign
40%
Examinations
50%