heart ppt

1. Anatomy of Heart
• Presented by –
MAAZ UL HAQ
B.Optometry
1st year

2. Heart
• Hollow muscular organ.
• Located in thorax between
lungs.
• 4 Chambers.
• 4 Valves.
• 2 Atriums .
• 2 Ventricles.

3. Shape and Measurements
• Shape: Pyramidal or conical
• Length = 12 cm.
• Width = 9 cm.
• Weight =
• 300 g in males;
• 250 g in females.

4. CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
The heart consists of four chambers,
• 1. Right atrium.
• 2. Right ventricle.
• 3. Left atrium.
• 4. Left ventricle

5. Right atrium
• Receive deoxygenated blood
From the inferior vena ceva
below and superior vena
ceva above.

6. Right ventricles
• Receive blood From the right
atrium through the tricuspid
valve.

7. Left atrium
• Receive oxygenated blood from
the pulmonary veins Which
drain posteriorly.

8. Left ventricle
• pump oxygenated blood from
the lungs out to the body.

9. Valves of the heart
• Heart has four valves –
1. Tricupid valve
2. Pulmonary valve
3. Mitral valve
4. Aortic valve

10. Tricupid valve
• Atrioventricular valve.
• It is situated between the
right atrium and the right
ventricle .
• It Controls the opening
between the right atrium and
the right ventricle.

11. Pulmonary valve
• It is a semi lunar valve which
controls the blood leaving the
heart.
• Controls the flow of blood
from the right ventricle.
• Prevents blood flow back to
the right ventricle, it relaxes.

12. Mitral valve
• Is an atrioventricular valve,
• situated between the left
atrium and left ventricle.
• Controls the blood between
the left atrium and the left
ventricle

13. Aortic valve
• Is a semi lunar valve.
• which controls the blood
leaving the heart .
• Controls blood flow between
the left atrium and the aorta.

16. Layer of the Heart
• Heart has three layers –
1. pericardium.
2. Myocardium .
3. Endocardium

17. Pericardium
• The heart is surrounded by
membrane called Pericardium.
• The pericardium is a fibroserous sac
that encloses the heart and the roots
of the great vessels.
• The pericardium lies within the
middle mediastinum.

18. Myocardium
• Middle, thickest layer of the heart .
• Contains the muscle fibres.
• which are responsible for pumping.

19. Endocardium
• Innermost/deepest layer of the heart
• Lines the heart chambers and the
valves
• Smooth thin lining to reduce friction of
blood flow through the chambers .
• Cardiac conduction system located in
this layer.

20. Blood supply of heart
• Blood is supplied to the heart by its own vascular system, called coronary
circulation.
• The aorta (the main blood supplier to the body) branches off into two main
coronary blood vessels (also called arteries)
• These coronary arteries branch off into smaller arteries, which supply oxygen-rich
blood to the entire heart muscle.
• The right coronary artery supplies blood mainly to the right side of the heart.
• The left coronary artery, which branches into the left anterior descending artery and
the circumflex artery, supplies blood to the left side of the heart.

22. Reference
• From Vishram Singh anatomy book Volume 1

23. Thank you....