The document outlines the typical structure for proving a theorem, which consists of 5 parts: 1) stating the theorem, 2) illustrating it with a diagram, 3) listing what is given, 4) listing what is to be proved, and 5) a series of statements and reasons leading from the givens to the conclusion. It then provides an example proof of the theorem: "If two angles are supplements of congruent angles (or of the same angle), then the two angles are congruent." The proof uses the standard structure and logical reasoning to show that if two pairs of angles are supplementary, then the corresponding angles are congruent.