1. The document discusses Ebola virus as an emergent pathogen that infects humans and animals in Africa, with a mortality rate of around 80%. 2. It describes tracking the virus through field investigations of outbreaks and laboratory studies to understand its transmission from bats to great apes to humans, evolution, and pathogenesis. 3. It examines routes of human-to-human transmission and strategies to control outbreaks through prevention, as well as perspectives on developing vaccines and therapies and improving global disease surveillance.

3. The fundamentals of the pathogen Emergence 1 Step 1: from the natural host to human Step 2: from exposure to infection 2 Step 3: from human to human 3

8. Pathogenesis: virus replication and superantigen activity ? Nat Med 1999; Clin Exp immunol 2001 PLoS Neg Trop Dis 2010 J Virol 2011  -actin V  2 V  5.1 V  12 V  1 1 V  7 V  6 V  17 V  16 V  13.2 V  19 Controls Fatal cases Days before death 9 8 7 4 3 2 1 0

9. Step 3 of Emergence: From humans to humans Routes of transmission From animals From body fluids At the hospital Traditional healer Strategy to control outbreaks: Prevention only Barriers nursing Individual protection