1. SO3(185)-2011 NGON NGLT & 061 S 6 N G
15
NGOAI NGU VOI BAN NGU
NHU'NG LOI THl/dNG GAP TRONG CACH VIET
DOAN VAN CUA NGU'dl HOC TIENG ANH
(Trito^ng hcfp sinh vien
tri^cfng DHKHXH & NV, DHQG HN)
LAI TH! PHLfONG THAO
(ThS, Khoa tieng Anh, DHNN, DHQG HN)
Trong qud trinh dgy mdn tieng Anh ca sd
vd chdm bdi viet dogn vdn trong bdi thi het
mdn ciia sinh vien, chiing tdi nhgn thdy chdt
lucmg bdi viet dogn vdn eua sinh vien khdng
cao vd sinh vien mdc khd nhieu ldi trong bdi
viet nhic ldi ve cdch viet dogn vdn, ngic phdp,
tic vung, cdch dien dgt, v.v. Muc dich ciia
nghien ciru ndy nhdm nhgn dien vd phdn logi
nhicng loi thudng gap trong bdi viet cica sinh
vien he chudn sau khi ket thiie mdn tieng Anh
ca sd, vd tren ed sd dd de xudt cdc gidi phdp
mang tinh ggi y de gido vien cd the dp dung
Irong cdc gid dgy kT nang viet nhdm gidm
thieu viec mde ldi cua sinh vien trong bdi
viet, vd gdp phdn cdi thien ki ndng viet ciia
sinh vien trong khi hgc tieng Anh.
1. Dat van de
7 7. Li do chgn de tdi
Trong ba hpc ki dau tai trudng DH
KHXH&NV, sinh vien he chuan hpc mon
Tieng Anh co sd, lan lugt la Tieng Anh Al,
Tieng Anh A2 va Tieng Anh Bl vdi giao
trinh ehinh la New English File d 3 cap dp
Elementary, Pre-intermediate va Intermediate
(Student's Book and Workbook).
Ngoai viec gidi thieu va luyen tap cac kT
nang nghe, dpc, noi, kT nang viet (dac biet la
vi^t doan van) dugc danh mgt lupng thdi gian
dang ke ca tren ldp va bai tap ve nha: khoang
1/5 thdi lupng cua chuong trinh hpc theo de
cuong mon hpc. Phuong phap chu yeu la theo
phuong phap san pham (product approach):
(1) cac ngir lieu dugc cung cap (ca ve npi
dung va mau bai viet); (2) phan tich dac diem
eua bai mau; (3) tai hien bai mau vdi npi
dung tuong tu. Cac bai viet eua sinh vien
duge giao vien thu ve nha cham va tra lai
kem nhan xet chi tiet. Diem so cua cac bai
viet dugc diing cho dau diem danh gia thudng
xuyen. Trong moi hgc ki, sinh vien duge
cham toi thieu mgt bai viet.
Ket thuc mon tieng Anh A2, sinh vien eo
kha nang viet dugc mpt birc thu trang trpng
hoac than mat; viet mpt doan van theo yeu
cau (mieu ta hay tudng thuat) vdi each sir
dung ngon ngil phii hgp nhu dimg tir noi eau,
noi y, cac dau hieu ehuyen y ket hap vdi viec
sir dung linh boat va chinh xac cac van de
ngir phap da hpc nhu cac thi, cau true cau bi
dpng, cau dieu kien hay eau c6 menh de quan
he
KT nang viet doan la mpt phan khong the
thieu trong bai thi het hpc phan ciia sinh vien
(c6 the chiem tir 10%-20% tong so diem eua
bai thi). Tuy nhien, thuc te lam bai thi doi vdi
kT nang viet cua sinh vien sau khi ket thue
hpe mon hpc tieng Anh A2 khong kha quan.
Theo khao sat so bp eiia ehiing toi, tren 60 %

2. 16 NGON NGUr& 001 SONG S6 3(185)-2011
sinh vien khong dat yeu cau. Dieu nay tnrde
hit anh hudng true tiep den ket qua bai thi
ciia cae em, va quan trpng hon niia, neu cae
em khong dupc sira cac loi thudng gap trong
bai viet cua minh thi mpt loi mon xau trong kT
nang viet se duge hinh thanh, va ve lau dai se
anh hudng d8n viec hpc cac chuang trinh
tieng Anh eao hon.
Tir thue t§ tren, ehiing toi nhan thay rang
can phai co mpt nghien cuu ve cac loi thong
thudng trong cac bai viet cua sinh vien sau
khi ket thuc mon Tieng Anh ea sd, dac biet
mon Tieng Anh A2. Tir do, chiing toi god y
mpt so giai phap nham giup sinh vien nang
cao kT nang viet va ban ehe cac loi trong bai
viet eiia minh trong qua trinh hpc mon Tieng
Anh tiep theo.
7.2. Muc dich nghien cim
Nghien cim nay dugc thirc hien vdi muc
dich:
1. Nhan dien va phan loai nhiing loi
thudng gap trong bai viet ciia sinh vien sau
khi ket thuc mon Tieng Anh A2.
2. De xuat cac giai phap mang tinh ggi y
de giao vien co the ap dung trong eae gid day
kT nang viet (cu the trong hai chuong trinh
Tieng Anh Al va Tieng Anh A2) nham giam
thieu viec mac loi cua sinh vien trong bai
viet. tir do gop phan cai thien kT nang viet eiia
sinh vien.
1.3. Phgm vi nghien cicu
Trong nghien eim nay, chung toi tap trung
nhan dien va phan loai eae loi thudng gap
trong bai viet doan van qua bai kiem tra het
hpe phan mon Tieng Anh A2 cua 100 sinh
vien dugc lira chpn ngau nhien va dua ra cac
giai phap de ban che viec mac cac loi do d
cac sinh vien khoa sau. Viee tim hieu eae
nguyen nhan (khaeh quan va ehii quan) eua
cac loi trong bai viet ciia sinh vien se dugc
tien hanh trong mpt nghien cim co quy mo
ldn ban.
1.4. Phucmgphdp nghien cicu
Nghien eim nay dugc thuc hien vdi cac
phuang phap:
- Thu thap ca sd li thuyet: Cac co sd li
thuyet trong nghien cim nay tap trung vao cac
van de nhu: cac thanh to tao thanh qua trinh
viet, cac yeu to anh hudng den kha nang viet
cua sinh vien, cae ca sd de danh gia mpt bai
viet.
- Tong hgp phan loai doi tupng: Tir viec
chpn ngau nhien 100 bai viet ciia sinh vien
trong tap bai thi het hpc phan mon Tieng Anh
A2, cac loi trong bai viet cua sinh vien se
dugc phat hien, tong hop va sau do phan loai
theo tan suat xuat hien trong cac bai viet.
2. Giai quyet van de
2.7. Ca sd li thuyet
2.1.1. Cdc thdnh td eua qud trinh viet
Tuy sir dung cac tir ngil va trinh tu khac
nhau, hau het cac hpc gia (Raime, A. (1983);
hay Brown, H.D. (1994)) deu thdng nhit
rang, qua trinh viet la mpt qua trinh phirc tap
lien quan den nhieu thanh to: qua trinh viet
ciia ngudi viet (chpn y, lap dan y, viet
nhap,..), ngudi dpc, muc dich viet, viec chpn
tir, cau tnic bai viet, ngir phap, npi dung, kT
thuat viet (mechanics: chir viet, chinh ta),...
2.7.2. Nhitng yeu td dnh hudng den khd
ndng viet cua ngicdi hge
Theo hai tac gia Lightbown va Spada
(1999: 49) co nhieu yeu to anh hudng den
kha nang tiep thu mpt ngoai ngir n6i chung va
mpt kT nang cu the (nghe, dpc, viet, noi) nhu
trf thong minh, tuoi cua ngudi hpc hay kien
thirc nen. Tuy nhien, y kien eiia hai tac gia
nay tap trung vao cac yeu to sau:
- Nang lire eua ngudi hpc: Nang lire ciia
ngudi hpc the hien d kha nang nhan biet va
ghi nhd, hieu tir, am, dac diem ngii phap va
eae cau tnic mau cua ngoai ngii minh hpc.
- Dpng luc va thai dp hpc tap: Dpng lire va
thai dp hpc tap tfch cue c6 vai tro to ldn doi
vdi kit qua hpc tap cua ngudi hpe. Chinh vi
th6, giao vien co the la ngudi chii dpng tac
dpng din dpng luc va thai dp cua sinh vien
thong qua: (1) khuyen khich tham gia vao bai
hpc; (2) da dang cac boat dpng, bai tap va tai
lieu day hpc. , ;;:

3. SO3(185)-2011 NGON NGQ & OOl SONG 17
- Sd thich/ thoi quen hpc tap: Cum tir nay
dien dat chien luge, thoi quen, sd thich khac
nhau eua timg ea nhan ngudi hgc nhim hoan
thanh nhiem vu hpc tap.
Trong qua trinh day mpt ki nang nao d6,
ngudi giao vien ngoai ngir can xem xet cac
yeu to tren de hieu ro dae diem ciia ngudi hpc
tir d6 c6 nhirng dieu chinh phii hop cho cac
boat dpng trong suot khoa hpc dong thdi kip
thdi ho trg sinh vien giai quyet cac kho khan
trong viec tiep thu va phat trien kT nang d6.
2.1.3. Tieu chi sodt hdi viet dogn vdn
Theo Raime, A. (1986), ea sinh vien va
giao vien c6 the ap dung cac tieu chi soat bai.
Mpt ban tieu chi soat bai co the rat ngan hay
dai tuy vao yeu cau cua bai viet, va thudng
dupc sinh vien diing de soat bai ciia minh
trudc, va sau do giao vien se diing lai dung
ban tieu chi do de danh gia bai viet eua sinh
vien. Tuy nhien, ban tieu chi soat bai cang chi
tiet thi viec danh gia bai viet cang chinh xac.
Orhima, A. va Hogue, A. trong cuon
Introduction to Academic Writing (Saeh do
Thanh Hai gidi thieu, NXB Giao Thong Van
Tai, trang 112) dua ra mpt tieu chi danh gia
bai viet mpt doan van vdi mpt loat cau hoi
lien quan den cae thanh to ciia qua trinh viet:
Dang thiic
1. Bai viet co dung mau ichong (de le, liii chir dau dong)
To chuc bai viet
2. Bai vilt co cau ma bai hay va phii hop khong?
3. Cau chu de co gioi han y ro rang khong?
4. Cac cau phat triSn tiSp theo co lam ro y chinh neu trong cau chu de khong?
5. Doan vSn co sir thong nhat khong?
6. Doan vSn c6 sir dung cac dau hieu chuyen cau/ y phii hgp khong?
7. Viec su dung cac dai tir co nhat quan khong?
8. Doan van co ket thiic voi mot cau ket ro rang khong?
9. Doan van co dua ra cam nhan/ binh luan cuoi ciing cua ngucri viet?
Ngu- phap va kT thuat viet (MECHANICS)
10. Nguoi viet CO diing dau cham cau a cuoi moi cau?
11. Nguoi viet co diing chir cai viet hoa khi can thiet, co loi chinh ta khong?
12. DSu phay dugc diing hgp li khong?
13. Cac thi cua dgng tir dugc diing diing chua?
Cau triic cau
14. M6i cau trong bai vilt da co du chii ngif va dgng tir, va da diln dat mgt y trgn ven chua?
15. Cac dgng tir da dugc hgp vai chii ngir chua?
16. Doan van co sir dung cac cau triic cau da dang va hgp li khong?
2.2. Ket qud khdo sdt
2.2.1. Tdng hap vdphdn tich ldi trong bdi
viet
Nhu da trinh bay d muc 1.4, 100 bai viet
ciia sinh vien trong bai thi het mon Tieng
Anh A2 dugc lira chgn mpt each ngau nhien.
Phuong phap phan tich dua tren tieu chi soat
bai viet da dupc trinh phan d phan tren.
Ve dang thirc cua mot doan van
Trong so 100 bai viet, eo 51 bai viet sai
yeu eau ve dang thire (chiem tong so 51%) ,
CO nghTa la tat ea cac bai nay gom nhieu doan
van. Vi du:
"Now in America literature is more
famous or more loved than Samuel Clemens.
He was born in Missouri in 1835, he grew up
on the banks of the Mississipi River.
In 1870 Mark Twain married Olivia
Langdon, who had great influence on Mark
Twain's book, befall in love her picture even
before.
Mark Twain was also a very successful
lecture. His travel around the country giving
take on a variety in subject help him famous.
He death in 1909, when he was 74year old" .

4. 18 NGON NGiJr& 001 SONG S6 3(185)-2011
Mpt sinh vien khac viet nhu sau:
"Bill Gate is a men very rich and famous.
He Mas born in 1955 at New York-America.
He 'sfather was doctor. He's mother work for
a bank.
Now, He live near Oasington lake with
he'sfamily. "
Qua vi du tren, ta eo the ket luan rang sinh
vien khong nam duge dang thire eiia mpt
doan van nen da viet thanh nhieu doan.
Ve to chirc bai viet
Cdu chd de (topic sentence)
Yeu cau bai viet: 'Write a biography of a
famous person in about 150-170 words. Your
paragraph must include the following items:
introduction, early career, private life, later
career'
Theo tieu chi soat bai viet, cau chu de ciia
doan van phai phii hgp va dung theo yeu cau
de bai. Tuy nhien theo thong ke, co tdi 47%
so sinh vien viet cau chii de khong phii hgp
ha khong true tiep lien quan den yeu cau de
bai.
Vi du:
''Now in America literature is more
ftimous or more loved than Samuel Clemens.
He M'as born in Missouri in 1835, he grew up
on the banks of the Mississipi River. .. "
"American is the country development.
American history hove been very much
characteristics attention. Washington who
have much atttention to. ..."
Cdu phdt trien chii de (supporting
sentences)
Theo nhu thong tin yeu cau viet, sinh vien
phai viet ve: gidi thieu ve ten, tuoi, ..
(introduction), sir nghiep liic con tre, cupc
song rieng. sir nghiep sau nay. Tuy nhien, den
YA bai viet thieu npi dung bai viet theo yeu
eau. Hon nira, nhieu cau phat trien y khong
lien quan den chii de ciia bai viet.
Cdu ket Ciia dogn vdn (concluding
sentence)
Theo nhu tieu chf ciia bai van, phan cuoi
ciia doan an la cau ket va cam nghT ciia
ngudi viet e chii d§ ciia bai viet. Tuy nhien,
e6 tdi 62% bai viet ehua hoan thien. hay noi
each khac la khong c6 cau k^t.
Sur thong nhat trong doan van va tinh
lien ket
87% bai viet cua sinh vien deu viet ve chii
de yeu cau. Tuy nhien, hau het sinh vien
khong sir dung cac dau hieu chuyen y de cho
cac y trong doan van lien ket vdi nhau. Vi du,
d doan van dudi day, c6 mpt sinh vien viet:
'Now, there are many famous person.
They can famous for actor, writer, or an
invention, a discover...
Maria Trollop is a writer. She was born in
1843 and died in 1910. She has written many
book, ... "
Mpt vai sinh vien khac viet: ' George
Washington was born in 1732 at Virgania.
Hisfamily lived at countryside. ... " .' " She
is ahvays phone with I and noise she's life
beautiful in Ho Chi Minh City. She isfamous
and vejy good. I love you, a good friend's.";
"American is the eountiy development.
American history have been very much
characteristics attention. ..." ; "7 like rock,
and she sing rock"
Qua cac vi du tren, chiing thay ro la y tren
va y dudi khong an nhap vdi nhau. Q vi du
thir nhat, eau tren sinh vien viet ve nguyen
nhan noi tieng ciia mpt so ngudi, nhung a y
dudi. sinh vien do lai de cap den mpt nha an.
0 vi du thir hai, cau trudc viet ve nam sinh va
nai sinh ciia George Washington, nhung d
cau tiep theo de cap den gia dinh eiia ong ma
khong CO dau hieu chuyen y. 0 vi du thir ba,
cau tnidc viet ve mpt ngudi ban khi su dung
dai tir '"she", nhung cau sau lai viet "7 love
yoii Hay d vi du cuoi, hai cau viet lien nhau
nhung dien dat hai y hoan toan dpc lap,
khong CO sir lien ket.
Hon nira tinh thieu thong nhat con the hien
d each sir dung dai tu. Co nhieu sinh vien
dang vilt ve ngudi khac thi lai de cap den ban
than minh: Vi du nhiing cau tren dang su

5. so 3 (185)-2011 NGON NGI/&06l SONG
19
dung dai tir she, sau d6 lai chuyin sang sir
dung we, hay you.
Ngfr phap va kT thuat vilt (Grammar
and Mechanics)
Ve viec diing dau ngdt cdu (dau cham,
dau phay, ddu chdm phay,...) vd quy tdc viet
hoa
Tuy da ket thuc chuong trinh Tiing Anh
A2 (giao trinh New English Pre-
intermediate), nhung each sir dung dau ngat
cau cua sinh vien van chua thanh thao. Vi du:
"...He was born in Missouri in 1835, he
grew up on the banks of the Mississipi
River ";
".... He was married with Hong Nhung, we
are very love, we have a busy and girl. ";
"But, noM> he had gone forever. ",
Nhieu bai viet con sir dung khong diing
quy tac viet hoa. Vi du: Now, He live near
Oasington lake with he 'sfamily", "Dam Vinh
Hung read name: Huynh Minh Hung, he is
war born Hd Chi Minh City, He is a student
Nguyen Thugng Hien hight school and
student Ngd Quyen hight school, he is a
young singe pob", v.v.
Ve chinh td
Hien tupng sai ve chinh ta xuat hien d rat
nhieu bai viet. Vi du:
"... 77e is famast when he 25 whit miss
very good and watching...."; ".... Now, He is
fimast we was but He exacting and help
people."; "eompertion", "chird", "always",
•'performance ", "ehildrent'', ' Michale
Jackson"; "althought", "Pari", "He and his
family helf Hanoi", "hight", "achived", "
hards", "farmous", "albuU", "poe", "cant",
v.v.
Nhin chung, hien tugng sai ve chinh ta
xuat hien d hau bet cac bai viet cua sinh vien.
Dieu nay chimg to, von tir vung ciia sinh vien
con rat ban ehe, va sinh vien chua dau tu thdi
gian vao viec luyen tir mdi.
Danh tir sd it so nhieu, diing dgng ddng
cda tie, edeh chia dgng tir
RSt nhieu sinh vien viet sai danh tir so
nhilu eiia tir "person" la "persons", hoac
khong them 's/es' vao danh tir nhu: 'many
thing', "His family have five peoples", "he
was children", "
Con CO hien tugng sinh vien khong viet sii'
dung tir loai: "he wrote very interestedly", "
She will success in the ways singer and
actress", " I love he", " I like hers", "My Tam
was the very famous singer of Vietnamese",
"He was a revolutionary",...
Hien tugng pho bien ntla la each chia dang
dung ciia dpng tir va thi ciia dpng tir: " He
listening the 7 languages", " He is kink and
love", " He sing beautiful and good expeneial
he is very handsomes";" His mother is
Name's Hoang Thi Loan", "1 loves Michale",
" But, now he had gone foreover", " When he
was the mans, he went to many country", "
He found out a new way for Vietnam race, to
took all come out Slavery", "His poem still
live in reader's heart, and still with time,
forever", " He used to a teacher", "He died a
few months",....
Hon nira, nhieu sinh vien eon dimg sai gidi
tir hoac thieu nhu: ''get married with", "He
was born Kim Lien district, Nghe An province
in 19/05/1890", "He had visited in the
country on the worl", "He always worried
for", " She come back her career and have
successful with album 'circus'", ...
Cau trdc edu
Nhieu sinh vien chua biet dien dat cau sao
cho day dii thanh phan C-V va dien dat mpt y
trpn ven. Nhieu sinh vien chua nam dugc quy
tac sir phii hpp giila chu ngir va vi nga, trat ty
tir; Sir da dang ve eau tnic cau hau nhu chua
co; Cac cau viet con don gian. Vf du:
"I hope to in the world will love parent
his", "Dam Vinh Hung read name: Huynh
Minh Hung, he is war born Hd Chi Minh
City, He is a student Nguyen Thucmg Hien
hight school and student Ngd Quyen hight
school he is a young singe pob ". "He had to
the book famous", "He is teen's star very

6. 20 NGON NGUr& 001 SONG s6 3(185)-2011
well, I like she so much She will sueeees in
the ways singer and actress ".
2.2.2. Nhicng ldi thudng gap
Qua phan tong hgp tren, nhiing loi sinh
vien thudng mac phai trong bai viet nhu sau.
Thif nhdt, hau het sinh vien ehua phan
biet dugc mpt doan van (paragraph) va mpt
bai van (essay). Hon nira, ve cau tnic eita
doan van (bao gom cau chii de, eau phat trien
cau chil de, eau ket), nhieu sinh vien chua
nam dugc cau tnic do nen sap xep y tuy tien,
khong ro rang va ranh mach, khong dien dat y
trpn ven, nhieu bai 'iet khong hoan chinh.
Thie hai, ve kien thirc ngii phap, ket qua
cho thay, sinh vien van chua nam dugc each
sir cac thi ca ban: thi hien tai don, hien tai
hoan thanh, qua khir don,...Dac biet, sinh vien
van ehua nam dugc vi tri ciia tfnh tir, danh tir,
hay trang tir trong cum tir hay mpt eau. Han
nira. nhieu sinh ien van chua nhd gidi tir di
di danh tir ha" dpng tir. Do vay. nhimg loi
ve trat tu tir. chia dpng tir. thanh lap danh tir
so nhieu ia rat pho bien trong bai iet.
Thir ba. e tir vimg. rat nJiieu sinli ien
khong nlid each let ciia mpt so tir quen thupc
nhetfamous, while, when cho nen dan den
hien tupng iet sai chinh ta. diing tir khong
diing theo ngir canh.
Thir tu, mpt sd sinh ien van chua nam
dugc qu' tac ngat cau va 'iet hoa. Han niia.
mpt so sinh ^ien van chua nam dupe cac
thanli phan cua cau (chii ngir, vi ngQ, tan ngu,
trang tir) va i tri ciia chung nen van sir dung
sai tan ngir sau dpng tir (chang han 7 love he).
tinh tir sau dpng tir (nhu she sings beautiful).
Cudi cung, nhieu sinh vien dudng nhu
thieu kien thiic hieu biet ve xa hpi (nhu kien
thuc e ngirdi noi tieng) eho nen hp kliong
%iet bai. hoac bai iet ciia hp rat ngan
(khoang 20 din 30 tir).
2.3 Giai phdp gcri y
Tir nhung van de sinh vien hay mac phai
trong bai viet dugc neu tren, mpt so giai phap
ggi y dugc dua ra giup giao vien co each day
phii hgp de han che loi cua sinh vien trong bai
viet, va nang cao kha nang 'iet ciia sinh vien
trong khi hpc cac mon tiing Anh tiep theo.
1) Thu nhat, trudc khi sinh vien co the viet
hoac dupe yeu cau viet mpt doan van hoan
chinh, giao vien can dam bao de sinh vien
let diing ngir phap cac cau don le. Ngii phap
chfnh la van de mau chot trong viee giup sinh
ien tranh dugc cae loi nhu xac dinh sai trat
tu tir, tan ngil. quan tir v.v... neu phai sir dung
ehung trong cau. Nhung bai tap ngan xay
dung tren eo sd mpt chii diem ngir phap nhat
dinh (vi du nhu hay viet 5 cau sir dung cau
tnic "used to do") vao cuoi buoi hpc Tla co
tac dung nhu mpt chiec "neo kien thiic' cua
phan ngir phap trong bai, vira co tac dung
Idem tra xem cac em da thue sir nam dugc
each diing mau cau nay chua.
Tuy nhien, dii ket qua kiem tra tai cho c6
tich cue den dau di chang nira, giao vien ciing
khong nen chii quan cho rang nhu the la on,
som muon gi kien thirc ngir phap ay ciing
bj md nhat dan neu sinh vien khong sir dung
thudng xuen, lien tiic va ben bi. Nhung bai
kiem tra dinh ki ve mpt so nhom chu diem
ngir phap nhat dinh nen dugc thiet ke dudi
dang bai tap ve nha va co the giao cho sinh
ien cham cheo va chira loi cho nhau neu
dugc giao 'ien cung cap dap an. Chiing toi de
xuat giai phap nay di mong muon giiip sinh
ien lam ehii dugc qua trinh tir hpc ngir phap
nliieu hon, hieu qua hon dong thdi van khong
lam tang ganh nang cho giao 'ien trong khi
hp dang eon qua nhieu phan iee phai dam
trach: da}' tir amg. ngir phap, ngil am, 'a ca 4
kT nang nghe noi dpc iet eho mpt sT so ldp
hpc liic nao ciing "qua ehuan".
2) Thii hai la dam bao phan dang thirc
doan van de sinh vien viet dung. Nhin lai
thire te, rat nhieu sinh vien khong he nam
dugc dang thiic doan van theo van phong
tieng Anh la gi. Nhieu thay co yeu cau sinh
vien viet bai thudng xuyen, va ciing da ra
cong cham, chira, sira nhirng bai do, nhung
lai quen mat phan viec quan trpng nhat trudc
khi giao bai la nen co vi du, cho format, co

7. S6 3(185)-2011 NGON NGUT & 001 SONG 21
chuan, co mau cho sinh vien theo. Chinh vi
thieu sir ph6 biin va thdng nhk vl chu&i
doan van vdi sinh vien nen giao vien la
nhung ngudi phai lam viec rit vk va sau d6
de chira nhung loi lap di lap lai cua sinh vien.
Nhin tir goc dp nay, giao vien cin nhat quan
trong each lam viec ngay tir dm: pho biin ro
reformat bai vilt, tham chi la dudi hinh thiic
van ban de tranh cac tranh cai sau nay, va neu
ro chi nhung bai viet dung format mdi dugc
cham va chinh siia.
3) Thir ba la van de tir vung. Thuc tl cho
thay day la mpt trong nhirng van de mang
tinh ca nhan nhat trong cac loi cua sinh vien
vi thudng thi cac loi tir vung khong gi6ng
nhau d tat ca cac sinh vien hoac timg nh6m
ldn sinh vien. Vdi nhiing loi he thong ve tir
vung (tiic la cac loi lap di lap lai) can yeu cau
sinh vien ghi lai so tu nhiing loi thudng
xuyen cua hp va luu y tat ca nhirng 16i nay
trudc khi, trong khi ra soat bat cir san phim
viet nao.
4) Ve cac kieu loi con lai lien quan den
cham cau va npi dung bai viet ban che do
kien thiic nen con yeu: Thiet nghT day la van
de phiic tap vi no lien quan den sir sir dung
tieng me de va cac yeu to di biet ciing nhu
tuong dong giira hai ngon ngU (ngon ngir thir
nhat va tieng nudc ngoai), cung nhu phong
each hanh van, nen tang, von song cua moi
hpe sinh, viec chinh sira chiing khong phai la
chuyen mpt sdm mpt chieu. Tuy nhien, mpt
von ngil phap chuan, manh va sir trau doi
thudng xuyen ngoai ngii nay ca tren ldp va
ngoai ldp chac chan se dan den nhirng tien bp
dang ke. Ve van de kien thiic nen, giao vien
nen sir dung mpt so thii thuat nhu 'dpng nao'
bang hoat dpng theo cap doi hoac nhom trudc
khi viet de tao dieu kien cho cac em trao doi,
chia se thong tin vdi nhau, nang cao hieu bilt
ve van de dinh viet. Ngoai ra, cac boat dpng
dpc md rpng ben ngoai ldp, dii mang tinh ca
nhan hay theo nhom, chac chan ciing se rit
hilu ich va thii vi doi vdi phan ldn sinh vien,
nhin tu goc dp nay.
3. Ket luan
T6m lai, nghien ciin da chi ra dugc nhiing
loi sinh vien thudng hay mac phai trong bai
viet doan van va de xuat giai phap mang tinh
chat ggi y de giao vien co the ap dung trong
khi day viet cho sinh vien. Vdi ket qua nghien
curu tren, chiing toi hi vpng se gop phan vao
viee nang eao kha nang viet cua sinh vien
trong qua trinh hpc tieng Anh tai trudng DH
KHXH&NV va ngudi hpe tieng Anh noi
chung d Viet Nam.
Tai lieu tham khao
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learning and using a second language.
London: Longman.
4. Hedge, T. (1990), Writing . Oxford:
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5. Hutchison ,T. (1987), English for
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6. Lightbown, P.M. & Spada, N. (1999),
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6. O'Malley, J.M. & Chamot, A.U.
(1990), Learning strategies in second
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(Ban Bien tap nhan bai ngay 23-12-2010)