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1. Strayer-University HSA 535 Final Part 2
Get help for Strayer-University HSA 535 Final Part2. We provide assignment, homework, discussions
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HSA535 FINAL PART2
• Question1
Whichof the followingactivitiescharacterizesaclinical approach(asopposedtoanepidemiologic
approach)?
• Question2
Whichof the followingactivitiescharacterizesanepidemiologicapproach(asopposedtoaclinical
approach)?
• Question3
Cyclicvariationsinthe occurrence of pneumoniaandinfluenzamortalitymayreflect:
• Question4
Usingepidemiologyforoperational researchinvolves:

2. • Question5
Indicate the level of preventionthatisrepresentedbyimmunizationagainstrubella
• Question6
Indicate the level of preventionthatisrepresentedbyhalf-wayhousesforpersonsrecoveringfrom
addiction
• Question7
Beach Cityhasa risingpopulationof 500,000 robust,fertile malesand450,000 robust, fertile females.If
there were 4,000 live births,3fetal deaths,and40 maternal deaths,whatisthe crude birthrate?
• Question8
The risk of acquiringa givendisease duringatime periodisbestdeterminedby:
• Question9
To expressthe burdenorextentof some conditionorattribute inapopulation.Isthisause for
incidence orprevalencedata?
• Question10

3. A null hypothesisismostsimilartowhichof the following?
• Question11
Accordingto classicstudies,age-standardizedmorbidityratesinthe UnitedStatesforacute conditions,
chronicconditions,anddisabilitydue toacute conditionsshow the followingsex differences:
• Question12
Whichof the followingstatementsmostaccuratelyexpressesthe downward-drifthypothesisfor
schizophrenia?
• Question13
Whichof the followingisnotone of the fourcriteriaforthe utilityof epidemiologicdata?
• Question14
What isone of the widelyusedsourcesof statistical dataoncancer?
• Question15
Ecologicstudies:

4. • Question16
A large medical center’soncologyprogramreportedanincreasednumberof casesof pancreaticcancer
duringa certainmonth.The hospital’sepidemiologistdecidedtoresearchthe problem.Tumorregistry
recordswere searchedtoidentifyall casesof pancreaticcancerduringa five-yearperiod;cancer
patientswere matchedwithpatientstreatedforotherdiseasesduringthe same five-yearperiod.All
subjectsinthe studywere questionedaboutlifestyle factorsincluding alcohol,tea,andcoffee
consumption.The resultingdataare as follows:
DATA
Cancer PatientsOtherPatients
Men WomenMen Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol185 120 270 260
Tea Drinking 140 110 230 225
Coffee Drinking190 140 270 240
Note: Total numberof male cancer patients=200.
Total numberof female cancerpatients=150.
Total numberof male patients(otherdiseases)=300.
Total numberof female patients(otherdiseases) =300.
Doesthisstudyhave a disease statusvariable?
• Question17
Examplesof descriptive epidemiologicstudiesdonotusuallyinclude:

5. • Question18
A majoradvantage of cohort studiesovercase-control studieswithrespecttothe role of a suspected
factor inthe etiologyof a disease isthat:
• Question19
An ambispective cohortstudyisalsoknownasa:
• Question20
As an epidemiologistyouare goingtoinvestigate the effectof adrug suspectedof causing
malformationsinnewborninfantswhenthe druginquestionistakenbypregnantwomenduringthe
course of theirpregnancies.Asyoursample youwill use the next200 single birthsoccurringinagiven
hospital.Foreachbirtha medicationhistorywillbe takenfromthe new motherandfromherdoctor; in
addition,youwill reviewmedical recordstoverifyuse of the drug.[N.B.:These mothersare considered
to have beenfollowedprospectivelyduringthe entire course of theirpregnancies,because acomplete
and accurate recordof druguse was maintainedduringpregnancy.]
The resultantdata are:
Fortymothershave takenthe suspecteddrugduringtheirpregnancies.Of these mothers,35have
deliveredmalformedinfants.Inaddition,10otherinfantsare born withmalfunctions.
The relative riskbetweenexposuretothe drugand malformationsis:
• Question21
A screeningexaminationwasperformedon250 personsforFactor X,whichisfoundindisease Y.A
definitivediagnosisfordiseaseYamongthe 250 personshadbeenobtainedpreviously.The resultsare
chartedbelow:

6. RESULTS OFDIAGNOSIS
TEST RESULTS Disease PresentDisease Absent
Positive forFactorX 40 60
Negative forFactorX 10 140
The specificityof thistestisexpressedas:
• Question22
A newscreeningtestforLyme disease isdeveloped foruse inthe general population.The sensitivityand
specificityof the newtestare 60% and 70%, respectively.Threehundredpeopleare screenedataclinic
duringthe firstyearthe newtestisimplemented.Assumethe true prevalence of Lyme disease among
clinicattendeesis10%.
Calculate the followingvalues:
The numberof false positivesis:
• Question23
A newbloodtesthasbeendevelopedtoscreenfordiseaseZ.Researchersestablish50 unitsasa
cut pointabove whicha testisconsidered positive andtherebyindicativeof disease.The test
manufacturersdetermine thatthe test’ssensitivityisunacceptablylow.However,the manufacturers
are notconcernedwiththe specificityanddonot wantthe cost of the testto rise.How can they
improve the sensitivityof the test?
• Question24

7. You have justfinishedadministeringafood/drinkquestionnaire toill andnon-ill participantsina
Minnesotasummerpicnicparty.The ill individualsdevelopedmoderatetosevere diarrhea16 to 46
hoursafterthe picnic.Six personsexperiencedvomiting.The followingdatawere collected:
ATE DID NOT EAT
Numberof people Numberof people
Fooditem Ill Notill Total Ill Notill Total
Hot dogs 40 30 70 10 20 30
Hamburgers 32 8 40 20 40 60
Potatosalad 45 25 70 15 25 40
Ice cream 48 12 60 2 38 40
Lemonade 20 40 60 20 20 40
Whichfooditemappearsto be the most probable vehicle forthe salmonella(agent) infectionassociated
withthe illness?
• Question25
A personwithaninapparentinfection:
• Question26
An outbreakof salmonellosisoccurredafteranepidemiologydepartmentluncheon,whichwas
attendedby485 facultyand staff.Assume everyoneate the same fooditems.Sixty-five peoplehadfever
and diarrhea,five of these peoplewere severelyaffected.Subsequentlaboratorytestsoneveryonewho
attendedthe luncheonrevealedanadditional72cases. The attack rate of salmonellosiswas:

8. • Question27
The lowestdose atwhicha particularresponse mayoccur:
• Question28
It has beensuggestedthatoccupational exposure tobenzene inthe petroleumindustryincreasesthe
riskof developingleukemia.The levelsof benzenetowhichworkersinthisindustryhave beenexposed
were highfrom1940 to 1970, butsince 1970 have beensignificantlyreduced.Whatkindof study
design,usingpetroleumworkers,wouldprovide the mostusefulinformationonwhetherbenzene
affectsincidence ratesof leukemiainthisindustry?Youmayassume thatrecordsof individual worker
assignmentstojobsinvolvingbenzene exposurehave beenmaintainedbythe industry.
• Question29
Whichof the followingstatementsdescribesthe person-environmentfitmodel?
• Question30
Personal behaviorandlifestylefactorsinhealthdonotinclude:
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