2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
1. Cuprins
Masurarea marimilor fizico-chimice
1.1. Masurarea densitatii
1.1.1.Unitati de masura
1.1.2.Mijloace pentru masurarea densitatii
1.1.3.Masurarea densitatii in conditii industriale
1.1.4.Masurarea densitatii in conditii de laborator
1.2.Masurarea umiditatii
1.2.1.Tipuri de umiditatii
1.2.2.Metode de determinare a umiditatii
1.2.3.Mijoace de masurare a umiditatii
1.3.Masurarea vascozitatii
1.3.1.Tipuri de vascozitate
1
2. 1.3.1.Unitati de masura pentru vascozitate
1.3.3.Mijloace de masurare a vascozitatii-clasificare
1.4.Masurarea aciditatii
1.4.1.Scopul masurii ph-ului
1.4.2.Metode de determinare a ph-ului unei soluti
1.4.3.Metode de determinare a ph-ului
1.1. Masurarea densitatii
Densitatea unui material omogen reprezintă masa conţinută în unitatea de volum.
r=m/V
unde: r=densitatea;
m=masa corpului măsurată în kg;
V=volumul corpului în m3.
1.1.1.Unitati de masura
1.1.2.Mijloace pentru masurarea densitatii
2
3. 1.1.3.Masurarea densitatii in conditii industriale
Densimetrul cu plutitor
Principiul de funcţionare
Se bazează pe principiul echilibrului hidrostatic. Acest densimetru este un vas
de nivel constant în care se imersează un plutitor, iar funcţie de poziţia
plutitorului se determină densitatea substanţei din vas.
3
4. .
Părţi componente:
Plutitorul 1 ocupă o poziţie relativă în funcţie de densitatea substanţei de
analizat 2.
Sistemul sifon 3 asigură menţinerea constantă a nivelului substanţei.
Plutitorul acţionează resortul 4 şi totodată sistemul de indicare şi înregistrare
5.
1.1.4.Masurarea densitatii in conditii de laborator
a)Măsurarea densităţii cu hidrometrul (areometrul)
Principiul de funcţionare se bazează pe principiul hidrostatic
(adâncimea de cufundare a aparatului variază invers proporţional
cu densitatea fluidului). Hidrometrul pătrunde în fluidul a cărui
densitate o va determina până când greutatea fluidului pe care-l
dizlocă este egală cu propia sa greutate.
4
5. a b
Părţi componente-este alcătuit dintr-un tub de sticlă gradat şi prevăzut cu o
cameră de lestare în care se introduce Hg sau Pb. Hidrometrul se introduce în
fluidul de analizat şi trebuie să plutească fără a atinge pereţii sau fundul
vasului.
Densitatea se determină citind diviziunea de la
suprafaţa fluidului.
b).Masurarea densitatii cu balanta hidrostatica
Balanţa hidrostatică se foloseşte pentru determinarea densităţii relative, cu
precizie mare, pentru corpurile solide şi a lichidelor.
Densitatea relativă este raportul dintre densitatea materialului studiat r şi
densitatea unei substanţe aleasă ca referinţă r0. În general substanţa de
referinţă este apa distilată
.
5
6. Balanţa hidrostatică se aseamănă cu o balanţă analitică, având platanul din
dreapta mai scurt şi prevăzut cu un dispozitiv de suspendare cu cârlig de care
se atârnă corpul de cântărit.
Metode de masurare:
• Determinarea densităţii relative a unui lichid
-se cântăreşte în aer un corp solid şi
se notează masa acestuia cu m1;
-se scufundă corpul în apă distilată
cu ra şi se notează valoarea
obţinută prin cântărire m2;
-se calculează diferenţa m1-m2;
-se înlocuieşte apa distilată cu
lichidul a cărui densitate vrem s-o
cunoaştem;
-se cîntăreşte din nou şi valoarea se
notează cu m3.
Densitatea relativă se determină cu
relaţia:
m1 − m3
ρ= ∗ ρa
m1 − m2
• Determinarea densităţii relative a unui corp solid
-se cântăreşte în aer un corp solid şi se notează
masa acestuia cu m1;
-se scufundă corpul în apă distilată cu ra şi se notează
valoare obţinută prin cântărire cu m2;
-se calculează diferenţa de masă dintre cele două
cântăriri conform principiului lui Arhimede.
Densitatea relativă se determină cu formula:
ρ m
= 1
ρ
∗ a
m2
6
7. c).Masurarea densitatii cu picnometrul
Principiul de funcţionare – se bazează pe metoda
cântăririi unui volum constant.
Prezentarea aparatului şi a metodei de măsurare
Picnometrul este un vas de sticlă care are
volumul marcat împreună cu temperatura
de lucru.
La partea superioară are un dop cu un canal capilar.
Se foloseşte la determinarea densităţii lichidelor şi solidelor
insolubile în lichidul utilizat
.
Metode de masurare:
• Determinarea densităţii relative a unui lichid
-se cântăreşte picnometrul gol,
(m1);
-se cântăreşte picnometrul umplut
cu apă distilată (m2);
-se înlocuieşte apa cu lichidul de
analizat;
-se cântăreşte picnometrul umplut
cu noul lichid (m3);
-se determină densitatea prin
calcul:
m2 − m1
ρ= ∗ ρa
m3 − m1
• Determinarea densităţii relative a unui
solid (insolubil în lichidul utilizat)
-se cântăreşte picnometrul umplut cu apă distilată (m1);
-se adaugă pe platanul balanţei câteva cristale de substanţă
solidă;
7
8. -se recântăreşte picnometrul cu apă distilată (m2);
-substanţa solidă se introduce în picnometru şi va disloca o parte
din apă care va curge;
-se cântăreşte picnometrul (m3);
-se calculează diferenţa m2-m3 şi se obţine masa apei dislocate;
-se calculează densitatea substanţei solide:
− 1
ρ m2
=
m
ρ
∗ a
m2 − 3
m
1.2. Masurarea umiditatii
Umiditatea defineste cantitatea de apa continuta de corpurile solide sau lichide.
1.2.1.Tipuri de umiditatii
Tipuri de umiditate:
• umiditate absolută – raportul dintre masa apei conţinută în materialui de analizat şi masa
materialului uscat. Unitatea de măsură este procentul de umiditate absolută;
• umidirtatea relativă – raportul dintre masa apei conţinută în materialul de analizat şi
masa materialului umed. Unitatea de măsură este procentul de umiditate relativă.
1.2.2.Metode de determinare a umiditatii
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9. 1.2.3.Mijoace de masurare a umiditatii
Umidotestul este un aparat utilizat la măsurarea umidităţii nămolurilor de la tratarea şi
epurarea apei prin metoda directă.
Este o instalaţie formată dintr-o balanţă cu scară gardată în % de umiditate şi un bloc
electric.
Principiul de funcţionare:
-se determină masa materialului umed cântărind-ul;
-se îndepărtează apa prin evaporare;
-se recântăreşte materialul uscat;
-se calculează umiditatea relativă sau absolută cu o precizie de 0,2%.
Umidometrul pentru lemn se utilizează la măsurarea umidităţii diferitelor esenţe lemnoase
prin metoda inditectă.
1.3.Masurarea vascozitatii
Vâscozitatea este rezistenţa la curgere a unui fluid datorită frecărilor.
Vâscozitatea are importanţă în procesele metalurgice,
deoarece influenţează curgerea metalului lichid şi implicit turnarea sa în forme.
1.3.1.Tipuri de vascozitate
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10. Tipuri de vâscozitate:
vâscozitate dinamică;
vâscozitate cinematică;
vâscozitate convenţională.
Vâscozitatea dinamică (a unui fluid de curgere) se determină cu relaţia:h=d/Sv *F
unde: d=distanţa străbătută de fluid la curgere;
F=forţa de rezistenţă învinsă de fluid;
S=suprafaţa în secţiune a fluidului ce curge;
v=viteza de curgere.
Dacă viteza de curgere nu se modifică, curgerea
se numeşte curgere laminară.
Vâscozitatea cinematică este raportul dintre vâscozitatea
dinamică şi densitatea fluidului analizat.
u=h/r
unde: u=vâscozitatea cinematică;
h=vâscozitatea dinamică;
r=densitatea fluidului.
Vâscozitatea convenţională este raportul timpilor de curgere
a unui volum de fluid de măsurat şi a aceluiaşi volum de
fluid etalon în condiţii stabile convenţional, hrelativ.
Vâscozitatea convenţională se aplică în condiţii industriale
iar cea dinamică şi cinematică în condiţii de laborator.
1.3.2.Unitati de masura pentru vascozitate
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11. 1.3.3.Mijloace de masurare a vascozitatii-clasificare
Dupa marimea pentru masurarea vascozitatii cinematice
-Vascozimetre pentru masurarea vascozitati cinematice
-Vascozimetre pentru masurarea vascozitati conventionale
Dupa forma constructiva
-Vascozimetre cu corp rotitor sau corp cazator
-Vascozimetre rotametrice
-Vascozimetre vibratoare
-Vascozimetre mecanice
.Mijloace de masurare a vascozitatii
Vâscozimetrul cu corp rotitor măsoară forţa de frecare
exercitată de lichidul cu văscoziate necunoscută asupra unui corp rotitor aflat în mişcarea de
rotaţie.
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12. Principiul de funcţionare
Lichidul 2 se introduce într-un recipient cilindric 1, în care se află cilindrul 3 imersat şi a cărei
vâscozitate se determină. Sistemul 5 angrenat de motorul 4 imprimă recipientului 1 o mişcare de
rotaţie ce va fi transmisă cilindrului 3 şi elementului indicator 6. Vâscozitatea lichiduluidepinde
de dimensiunile şi viteza de rotaţie a cilindrului 3 şi vizeza de rotaţie a recipientului 1.
Vâscozitatea dinamică:
unde:M=cuplul de rotaţie;
w=viteza unghiulară;
h=înălţimea cilindrului rotitor;
d=diametrul cilindrului rotitor.
M
η= 2
ω d
2π h
2
Părţi componente:
1-recipient;
2-lichid cu vâscozitate necunoscută;
3-cilindru imersat în lichidul 2
4-motor;
5-mecanism de angrenare
6-sistem de indicare.
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13. 1.4.Masurarea aciditatii
Măsurarea acidităţii înseamnă determinarea pH-ului.
pH-ul este o mărime de concentraţie ce defineşte cantitatea de ioni de H dintr-o soluţie.
1.4.1.Scopul masurii ph-ului
Determinarea pH-ului undei solutii se realizeaza in scopul:
-Indentificarea caracterului adic sau bazic;
-Urmarirea desfasurarii reactiilor de neutralizare (obtinerearea substantelor neutre)
Scara PH-ULUI
Solutii-acide:( 0-6)
Solutii-neutre:( 7 )
Solutii-bazice:(8-14)
1.4.2.Aplicatiile pH-metriei
Masurarea pH-ului(pH-metria) se utilizeaza in industria chimica, in industria alimentara, la
fabricarea celulozei şi hîrtiei, geologie, medicină.
1.4.3.Metode de determinare a ph-ului unei soluti
Metoda potenţiometrică, este cea mai utilizată şi constă în variaţia potenţialului unui electrod în
funcţie de concentraţia ionilor din soluţie.
Mijloace pentru determinarea pH-lui
Se numeste pH-metre si masoara tensiunea electromotoare a unei pile formata din solutia de
analizat ,un electrod indicator si un electrod de referinta.Electrodul indicator din sticla , iar cel de
referinta din calomel.
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14. electrod electrod de
referinta
indicator
1.4.4.Mijloace de determinare a ph-ului
Într-un vas 1 cu pH-ul necunoscut se scufundă electrodul din
sticlă 2, iar în vasul 3 în care se află o soluţie cu pH-ul
cunoscut se scufundă electrodul 4 din calomel.
Între cele două vase este o legătură asigurată de tubul de
sticlă 5 ce conţine o soluţie saturată de clorură de potasiu.
Între cei doi electrozi 2 şi 4 apare o diferenţă de potenţial
ce determină apariţia unei tensiuni electromotoare ce se
citeşte pe oscară gradată în V şi unităţi de pH.
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