2. Overview
• Bladder cancer – Common type of cancer
• (others: adenocarcinoma and SCC)
• Most often begins in urothelial cells/ Transitional
epithelium
• Urothelial cells – Bladder, Kidneys, Ureters
• Usually diagnosed at an early stage – highly treatable
• May reoccur after successful treatment
• Need follow-up tests for years
4. Urothelium
• 3-7 cell layers
• Barrier – holding toxins
• Umbrella, Intermediate, Basal –
umbrella stretching
• Tight junctions + unique protein
lipid complex (plaque)
• When the bladder fills up –
unfolding
• When the bladder is empty –
wrinkled Rugae
5. Main types of UCC
• P-53 dependent
– UC grow horizontally – flat tumor
– May invade deep tissues
• P-53 independent
– UC grow vertically up – papillary tumor
– Less aggressive, but also invasive
6. • Blood in urine (hematuria), which may
cause urine to appear bright red or cola
colored, though sometimes the urine
appears normal and blood is detected on
a lab test
• Polyuria
• nocturia
• stranguria
• Painful urination –burning sensation
• Back pain
• Fatigue
• Lack of appetite and weight loss
Sings and Symptoms
7. Risk Factors
• being older, since the majority of bladder
cancers occur in people over the age of 55
• being male
• Carinogens
• Phenacetin- a banned analgestic
• Smoking - #1 riskfactor
• Analine – rubbers/ dyes
• Cyclophosphamide- antiimmune drug
• low fluid consumption
• eating a high-fat diet
• having a family history of bladder cancer
8. Diagnosis of UCC
• Urinalysis – detect hematuria or
infection
• an internal examination -into
vagina or rectum to feel for
lumps that may indicate a
cancerous growth
• a cystoscopy -narrow tube that
has a small camera on it through
your urethra to see inside
bladder
• Biopsy
• CT
9. STAGE 0 BLADDER CANCER HASN’T SPREAD PAST THE LINING
OF THE BLADDER.
STAGE 1 BLADDER CANCER HAS SPREAD PAST THE LINING OF
THE BLADDER, BUT IT HASN’T REACHED THE LAYER OF
MUSCLE IN THE BLADDER.
STAGE 2 BLADDER CANCER HAS SPREAD TO THE LAYER OF
MUSCLE IN THE BLADDER.
STAGE 3 BLADDER CANCER HAS SPREAD INTO THE TISSUES
THAT SURROUND THE BLADDER.
STAGE 4 BLADDER CANCER HAS SPREAD PAST THE BLADDER
TO THE NEIGHBORING AREAS OF THE BODY.
Stages of bladder cancer
10. Treatemnent
• Difficult to treat – multifocal, reoccurs,
metastasizes easily
• At early stages – can be resected using
cystoscopy – transurethral resection
(TUR) + intravesicular chemotherapy
• Aggressive cancer – requires complete
removal of prostate and bladder -
cystoprostatectomy
Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer that begins in the cells of the bladder. The bladder is a hollow muscular organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine.
Bladder cancer most often begins in the cells (urothelial cells) that line the inside of your bladder. Urothelial cells are also found in your kidneys and the tubes (ureters) that connect the kidneys to the bladder. Urothelial cancer can happen in the kidneys and ureters, too, but it's much more common in the bladder
Most bladder cancers are diagnosed at an early stage, when the cancer is highly treatable. But even early-stage bladder cancers can come back after successful treatment. For this reason, people with bladder cancer typically need follow-up tests for years after treatment to look for bladder cancer that recurs..
