Mis-Management Information System

1. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 1
Computer ຾ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
Contents
I. Computer ຾ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ......................................................................................................................................8
II. ງຸກທິທັຈ຋ະຌາກາຌຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ.................................................................................................................8
1. ງຸກ຋ີນຌຶໃ ຄ (1951-1958)............................................................................................................................8
2. ງຸກ຋ີຘບຄ (1959-1964) ............................................................................................................................8
3. ງຸກ຋ີຘາຓ (1965-1971)............................................................................................................................8
4. ງຸກ຋ີຘີໃ (1972-1980).................................................................................................................................9
5. ງຸກ຋ີນໄາ (1980 ຽຎັຌຉ຺ໄຌແຎ).........................................................................................................................9
III. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ.....................................................................................................................................9
1. ຉາຓຖັກຘະຌະເຆໄຂໄຓູຌ຾ຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ຎະຽຑຈ.........................................................................................9
2. ຉາຓທັຈຊຸຎະຘ຺ຄກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ຾ຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 2 ຎະຽຑຈ.................................................................................9
3. ຾ຍຍຉາຓຂະນຌາຈ ຾ຖະ ຖາ຃າ຾ຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 4 ຎະຽຑຈ............................................................................9
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີ 1 ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຉັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີ Information Technology ................................................................15
I. ຃ທາຓຘາ຃ັຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີ................................................................................................15
II. ຃ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄຽ຋ັກໂ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີ, ຂໄຓູຌ, ຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ, ຂໃ າທຘາຌ, ຃ທາຓປູ ໄ຾ຖະ ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ.........16
III. ຃ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂັໄຌຑໄຌຊາຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ (Data).....................................................................................................16
IV. ຃ທາຓຘາ຃ັຌຂບຄຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Database) ...................................................................................................16
V. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information)...................................................................................................................17
VI. ຃ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄ຃ທາຓປູ ໄ(Knowledge)..................................................................................................17
VII. ກາຌຑ຺ທຑັຌຂບຄ Data, Processing, Information, Knowledge.....................................................17
VIII. ຖັກຘະຌະຂບຄຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information ຋ີໃ ຈີ..........................................................................................17
1. ຈໄາຌຽທຖາ Time...........................................................................................................................................17
2. ຈໄາຌຽຌໄບເຌ...................................................................................................................................................17
3. ຈໄາຌປູຍ຾ຍຍ.................................................................................................................................................18
4. ຈໄາຌຂະຍທຌກາຌ..........................................................................................................................................18
IX. ກາຌຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ..............................................................................................................18
1. ກາຌຖທຍຖທຓ ຾ຖະ ກທຈຘບຍຂໄຓູຌຎະກບຍຈໄທງ.................................................................................18
2. ກາຌຈາຽຌີຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌເນໄກາງຽຎັຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ..........................................................................18
3. ກາຌຈູ຾ຖປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຑໃ ບກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ.........................................................................................18
4. ຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information Technology......................................................................19
5. ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information System)....................................................................................19

2. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 2
Computer ຾ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
X. ຍ຺ຍຍາຈຂບຄຌັກຍຖິນາຌ ຾ຖະ ຏູໄຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ........................................................20
XI. ຾ຌທ຋າຄກໃ ຼທກັຍຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ........................................................................................................20
1. ຾ຌທ຋າຄຈໄາຌຽ຋ັກຌິກ..................................................................................................................................21
2. ຾ຌທ຋າຄຈໄາຌຑຶຈຉິກາ ..................................................................................................................................21
3. ຾ຌທ຋າຄຈໄາຌຎະຘ຺ຓຎະຘາຌຽຉັກຌິກ ຾ຖະ ຘັຄ຃຺ຓ....................................................................................21
4. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ຈີ ຓີຎະ຿ນງຈເຌຈໄາຌຉໃ າຄໂ .............................................................................................21
4.1.ຎະຘິຈ຋ິຑາຍ (Efficiency) .................................................................................................................21
4.2.ຎະຘິຈ຋ິຏ຺ຌ (Effectiveness)............................................................................................................21
4.3.ຂໄແຈໄຎຼຍເຌກາຌ຾ຂໃ ຄຂັຌ (Competitive Advantage).................................................................22
4.4.຃ຸຌຌະຑາຍຆີທິຈກາຌ຋າຄາຌ (Quality of Working Life)............................................................22
4.5.຃ທາຓຘາຑັຌຖະນທໃ າຄຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ກັຍບ຺ຄກບຌ ຾ຖະ ກາຌ຅ັຈກາຌ....................................22
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີ 2 Information Technology .............................................................................................................23
I. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີ (Information Technology).....................................................................23
1. ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ (Process System) .................................................................................................23
2. ຖະຍ຺ຍຘໃ ຘາຌ຿຋ຖະ຃຺ຓ (Telecommunication System).................................................................23
3. ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Data Management).............................................................................................23
II. ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information Systems).....................................................................................23
III. ຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີ຿຋ຖະ຃຺ຓຓະຌາ຃຺ຓ (Telecommunication Technology)...........................................24
IV. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ (Networking Systems)...............................................................................................24
V. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ຃ບຓຑີຓຽຉີ (ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ CNS).................................................................................................24
1. ຃ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ.......................................................................................................24
2. ຽຎ຺ໄານຓາງຂບຄຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ............................................................................................................24
3. ຎະ຿ນງຈຂບຄກາຌເຆໄຖະຍ຺ຍຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ........................................................................................................25
VI. ປູຍ຾ຍຍຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Networks Architecture)....................................................................25
VII. Computer Network Systems...............................................................................................................25
1. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽ຃ບຂໃ າງຘະຽຑາະຑໄຌ຋ີໃ (LAN) Local Area Network............................................................26
2. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽ຃ບຂໃ າງຖະນທໃ າຄຽຓບຄ (MAN) Metropolitan Area Network ........................................26
3. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽ຃ບຂໃ າງຖະນທໃ າຄ຾ຂທຄ/ຎະຽ຋ຈ (WAN) Wide Area Network........................................26
4. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽ຃ບຂໃ າງຍໃ ເຆໄຘາງ (WN) Wireless Network.........................................................................27
7.1. ຃ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄ Wimax ..................................................................................................................27
7.2. ປູຍ຾ຍຍກາຌຽຆໃ ບຓຉໃ ຖະຍ຺ຍຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ..................................................................................................28

3. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 3
Computer ຾ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
1. ຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ຾ຍຍຍັຈ຿ຎ຿ຖດີ (Bus Topology)...........................................................................................28
2. ຿຋຿ຎ຿ຖດີ ຾ຍຍທ຺ຄ຾ນທຌ (Ring Topology).......................................................................................28
3. ຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ຾ຍຍຈາທ຿຋຿ຎ຿ຖດີ (Star Topology)....................................................................................29
4. ຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ຾ຍຍຎະຘ຺ຓ຿຋຿ຎ຿ຖດີ Mesh Topology.................................................................................30
5. ຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ຾ຍຍຎະຘ຺ຓ Tree Topology....................................................................................................30
1.1 Hub/ Repeater..................................................................................................................................31
1.2 Bridge...................................................................................................................................................31
1.3 Switch or Bridge..............................................................................................................................31
1.4 Modem= Modulation Demonbulation...................................................................................32
1.5 ຖະຍ຺ຍແຓ຿ກຕຽທຍ Microwave.........................................................................................................33
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີ 3 ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ MIS...................................................................................................34
I. ຃ທາຓນຓາງກາຌຍຖິນາຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (MIS).............................................................................34
II. ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄຂບຄຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ..............................................................................................34
1. ຿ຖກາຑິທັຈ.....................................................................................................................................................34
2. ກາຌຎັຍປູຍຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຽຘຈຊະກິຈ (຾ຍຍ Digital) ກາຌ຃ໄາຂາງຏໃ າຌ຋າຄ Electronic......................34
III. ຃ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຈີ.................................................................................................................................35
IV. ຃ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄ MIS .......................................................................................................................................36
1. ຃ທາຓຘາຓາຈເຌກາຌ຅ັຈກາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Data Manipulation):...............................................................36
2. ຃ທາຓຎບຈແຑຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ (Data Security).............................................................................................36
3. ຃ທາຓດຈດຸໃ ຌ (Flexibility) ......................................................................................................................36
4. ຃ທາຓຑເ຅ຂບຄຏູໄເຆໄ(User Satisfaction)...........................................................................................36
V. ຎະ຿ນງຈຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (MIS)...........................................................................37
VI. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (MIS)...............................................................................37
VII. ຍຸກ຃ະຖາກບຌ຋ີໃ ກໃ ຄທຂໄບຄກັຍຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (MIS).................................................38
1. ນ຺ທນຌໄານຌໃ ທງຄາຌຖະຈັຍຉ຺ໄຌ (First-Line Supervisor or Operation Manager) ..................38
2. ຏູໄ຅ັຈກາຌຖະຈັຍຉ຺ໄຌ (Middle Manager)..............................................................................................38
3. ຏູໄ຅ັຈກາຌຖະຈັຍຘູຄ (Executive or Top Manager)..........................................................................38
VIII. ຍຸກ຃ະຖາກບຌເຌນຌໃ ທງຄາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ...........................................................................................39
IX. ຅າຖິງະ຋າ-຅ັຌງາຍັຌເຌກາຌເຆໄຄາຌຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ................................................................39
X. ຏ຺ຌກະ຋຺ຍ຋າຄ “ຍທກ-ຖ຺ຍ” ຂບຄກາຌຌາເຆໄຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (IT) ...........................................40
1. ຈໄາຌຍທກ.......................................................................................................................................................40
2. ຈໄາຌຖ຺ຍ..........................................................................................................................................................40

4. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 4
Computer ຾ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີ 3 ຖະຍ຺ຍງໃ ບງຂບຄກາຌຍຖິນາຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ SMIS.....................................................................41
I. ຖະຍ຺ຍງໃ ບງຂບຄກາຌຍຖິນາຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (SMIS).....................................................................41
II. ຃ທາຓນຓາງຘາ຃ັຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍນງໃ ບງກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (MIS-Subsystems)....................41
1. ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌ຋າຄ຋ຸຖະກິຈ (Transaction Processing System= TPS).............................41
2. ຖະຍ຺ຍ຅ັຈຘໄາຄຖາງຄາຌຘາຖັຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌ (MRS= Management Report System) ..................42
1) ຃ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄ MRS ຽຑໃ ບກາຌ຅ັຈກາຌ...............................................................................................42
2) ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄກາຌຖາງກາຌ......................................................................................................................42
3) ຃ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌເຌ MRS................................................................................................43
3. ຖະຍ຺ຍຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ຅ (DSS= Decision Supporting System).........................43
4. ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຘາຌັກຄາຌ (OIS=Office Information System) ...........................................43
1) ຖະຍ຺ຍ຅ັຈກາຌຽບກະຘາຌເຌຘາຌັກຄາຌ................................................................................................44
2) ຖະຍ຺ຍ຃ທຍ຃ຸຓ ຾ຖະ ຘັໃ ຄຏໃ າຌຽບກະຘາຌ ..............................................................................................44
3) ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຆຸຓ຋າຄແກ...............................................................................................................................45
4) ຖະຍ຺ຍຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌເຌຘາຌັກຄາຌ (OSS)..........................................................45
III. ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌ຋າຄ຋ຸຖະກິຈ...................................................................................................................45
IV. ຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌ຋າຄາຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌ຋າຄ຋ຸຖະກິຈ............................................................................46
1. ກາຌຎໄບຌຂໄຓູຌ (Data Entry)..................................................................................................................46
2. ກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ນຖ ກາຌຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌກັຍຂໄຓູຌ (Transaction processing)................................46
3. ກາຌຎັຍຎຸຄຂໄຓູຌ/ ຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (File/ Database Updating)..............................................................46
4. ກາຌຏະຖິຈຖາງກາຌ (Document & Report Generation).............................................................46
5. ກາຌເນັຍຖິກາຌ ນຖ ກາຌຘບຍຊາຓ (Inquiring Processing)..........................................................47
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີ 4 ກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ..........................................................................................................47
I. ຃ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ................................................................................47
II. ຃ທາຓຘາ຃ັຌຂບຄຏູໄເຆໄຉໃ ກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ..............................................................................................47
III. ຂໄຍ຺ກຑໃ ບຄຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌເຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌຂບຄບ຺ຄກາຌ ..........................................................48
IV. ຎັຈແ຅ເຌກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ .......................................................................................................................48
V. ຌັກທິຽ຃າະຖະຍ຺ຍ ຾ຖະ ຍ຺ຈຍາຈຂບຄຌັກທິຽ຃າະ............................................................................................49
1. ຌັກທິຽ຃າະຖະຍ຺ຍ (System Analyst).....................................................................................................49
2. SA ຅ະຓີຍ຺ຈຍາຈ (Role) ຘາ຃ັຌ 3 ຎະກາຌ..............................................................................................49
2.1.຋ີໃ ຎຶກຘາ (Consultant) SA.................................................................................................................49
2.2.ຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ (Supporting Expert) ..................................................................................................49

5. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 5
Computer ຾ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
2.3.ຉ຺ທ຾຋ຌກາຌຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄ (Change Agent).........................................................................................49
3. ຌັກທິຽ຃າະຖະຍ຺ຍກັຍຏູໄ຋ີໃ ກໃ ຼທຂໄບຄເຌກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ.....................................................................50
VI. ນຌໄາ຋ີໃ ຂບຄຌັກທິຽ຃າະຖະຍ຺ຍ (Function of System Analyst) ...........................................................50
VII. ຃ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄ຋ິຓຄາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ System Development Team........................................51
VIII. ຋ິຓຄາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ຅ະຎະກບຍແຎຈໄທງຍຸກ຃ະຖາກບຌຉໃ າຄໂ ຈັໃ ຄຉໃແຎຌີໄ: .....................................51
IX. ທິ຋ີຑໄຌຊາຌເຌກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ .............................................................................................................52
1. ທິ຋ີກາຌຘະຽຑາະຽ຅າະ຅຺ຄ..............................................................................................................................53
2. ທິ຋ີກາຌຘໄາຄຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ .................................................................................................................................53
3. ທິ຋ີ຅າກຖຸໃ ຓຂຶໄຌຽ຋ິຄ (Bottom-Up Approach)....................................................................................53
4. ທິ຋ີ຅າກຽ຋ິຄຖ຺ຄຖຸໃ ຓ (Top-Down Approach)......................................................................................53
X. ທິ຋ີກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ................................................................................................................................54
1. ກາຌຘານຖທຈຽຍໄບຄຉ຺ໄຌ (Preliminary Investigation)....................................................................54
2. ກາຌທິຽ຃າະ຃ທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌ (Requirement Analisis).......................................................................54
3. ກາຌບບກ຾ຍຍຖະຍ຺ຍ (System Design)...............................................................................................54
4. ກາຌ຅ັຈນາບຸຎະກບຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍ (System Acquisition)..................................................................54
5. ກາຌຉິຈຉັໄຄຖະຍ຺ຍ ຾ຖະ ກາຌຍາຖຸຄປັກຘາ (System Implementation and Maintenance) .....54
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີ 5 ຖະຍ຺ຍຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ Database System=DBS.....................................................................................55
I. ກາຌຖທຍຖທຓ ຾ຖະ ກາຌ຅ັຈຖະຍຼຍຂໄຓູຌຘະເນຓກໃ ບຌ ..........................................................................55
1.1ກາຌ຅ັຈ຾ຒັຓຂໄຓູຌ຾ຍຍຖຼຄຖາຈັຍ (Sequential File Organization)............................................55
1.2ກາຌ຅ັຈ຾ຒັຓຂໄຓູຌ຾ຍຍຘຸໃ ຓ (Random File Organization)............................................................55
II. ຃ທາຓນຓາງຘາ຃ັຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Database)................................................................................................56
III. ຖະຍ຺ຍ຅ັຈຽກັຍຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (DBMS) ..............................................................................................................58
3.1DBMS ຎະກບຍຈໄທງຘໃ ທຌຎະກບຍນຖັກ຋ີໃ ຘາ຃ັຌດູໃ 3 ຘໃ ທຌຈັໃ ຄຌີໄ:.........................................................58
3.2ນຌໄາ຋ີໃ ຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍ຅ັຈກາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ..........................................................................................................59
3.3ກາຌຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ຅ັຈກາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌຓາເຆໄ......................................................................................................60
IV. ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (DBA).....................................................................................................................60
4.1ກາຌຍຖິກາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Database Administration) ......................................................................60
4.2ນຌໄາ຋ີໃ ຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍ຅ັຈກາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ..........................................................................................................60
V. ຿຃ຄຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌ....................................................................................................................................................61
1. ຾ຍຍ຅າຖບຄກາຌ຅ັຈຂໄຓູຌຽຆີຄຖາຈັຍຂັໄຌ (Hierarchical Data Model)............................................61
VI. ຖະຍ຺ຍຊາຌຂໄຓູຌເຌບະຌາ຃຺ຈ........................................................................................................................61

6. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 6
Computer ຾ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີ 6 ຖະຍ຺ຍຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ຅....................................................................................................62
I. ກາຌຍຖິນາຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ຅............................................................................................................................62
II. ບຸຎະກບຌຂບຄ DSS........................................................................................................................................64
III. ຃ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄ DSS.......................................................................................................................................64
IV. ຃ທາຓ຾ຉກຉໃ າຄຖະນທໃ າຄ DSS ກັຍຖັກຘະຌະຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌບໃ ຌໂ..............................................................64
V. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ DSS ............................................................................................................................................65
VI. ກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາ DSS.........................................................................................................................................66
VII. ຖະຍ຺ຍຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ຅ຘາຖັຍກຸໃ ຓ .......................................................................................66
VIII. ຎະ຿ນງຈຂບຄ GDSS ...............................................................................................................................67
IX. ຘະນຖຸຍ............................................................................................................................................................67
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີ 7 ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຘາຖັຍຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ.......................................................................................................69
I. ຏູໄຍຖິນາຌຘາຖັຍກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ຅ ......................................................................................................................69
II. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຘາຖັຍຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ ......................................................................................................................69
III. ຾ນຖໃ ຄຂໄຓູຌຘາຖັຍຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ...........................................................................................................................70
IV. ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຘາຖັຍຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ...........................................................................................................70
V. ຃ຸຌຌະຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄ EIS...................................................................................................................................70
VI. ຂໄຈີ ຾ຖະ ຂໄ຅າກັຈຂບຄ EIS.............................................................................................................................71
VII. ຘະນຖຸຍ............................................................................................................................................................71
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີ 8 ຎັຌງາຎະຈິຈ ຾ຖະ ຖະຍ຺ຍຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ .......................................................................................................72
I. ຎັຌງາຎະຈິຈ ....................................................................................................................................................72
II. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄຍັຌງາຎະຈິຈ................................................................................................................................73
1. ກາຌຎະຓທຌຑາຘາ຋າຄ຋າຓະຆາຈ Natural Language Processing...............................................73
2. ຖະຍ຺ຍຑາຍ Vision System .....................................................................................................................73
3. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽ຃ບຂໃ າງຽຘັໄຌຎະຘາຌ Neural Network.....................................................................................73
4. ນຸໃ ຌງ຺ຌ Robotics .......................................................................................................................................74
5. ຖະຍ຺ຍຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ Expert System .........................................................................................................74
III. ຖະຍ຺ຍຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ............................................................................................................................................74
IV. ຎະ຿ນງຈຂບຄ ES...........................................................................................................................................75
V. ຘໃ ທຌຎະກບຍຂບຄ ES.....................................................................................................................................76
VI. ຃ທາຓປູ ໄ.............................................................................................................................................................78
VII. ກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາ ES............................................................................................................................................79

7. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 7
Computer ຾ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
ຑາກ຋ີ II E-Business and E-commerce..................................................................................................80
I. ຃ທາຓ຾ຉກຉໃ າຄຖະນທໃ າຄ EB/EC..................................................................................................................80
1. EB (E-Business).....................................................................................................................................80
2. EC (E-Commerce) .................................................................................................................................80
II. ຃ຸຌຖັກຘະຌະຘາ຃ັຌຂບຄ E-Commerce ຾ຖະ ກາຌຌາເຆໄE-Commerce............................................81
1. ກາຌຌາເຆໄE-Commerce.........................................................................................................................81
2. ຃ຸຌຖັກຘະຌະຘາ຃ັຌຂບຄ E-Commerce..................................................................................................81
III. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ E-Commerce.........................................................................................................................81
IV. ຂໄຈີ ຾ຖະ ຂໄຽຘງຂບຄ E-Commerce ...........................................................................................................82
1. ຂໄຈີຂບຄ E-Commerce.............................................................................................................................82
1.1 ຂໄຈີຉໃ ຈໄາຌບ຺ຄກບຌ຋ຸຖະກິຈ....................................................................................................................82
1.2 ຉໃ ຈໄາຌຏູໄຍຖິ຿ຑກ......................................................................................................................................82
1.3 ຉໃ ຘັຄ຃຺ຓ....................................................................................................................................................82
2. ຂໄຽຘງຂບຄ E-Commmerce.....................................................................................................................82

8. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 8
Computer ຾ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຑໃໃ
ບກາຌ຅ັຈກາຌ
Management Information System (MIS)
ຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຾ຓໃ ຌ ທິຆາ຋ີໃ ຌາຽບ຺າຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌແຎຌາເຆໄຽຂ຺ໄາເຌທຼກຄາຌຉໃ າຄໂ
ບຸຎະກບຌ຋ີໃ ຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌເນໄ(MIS)
1. ຃ທາຓປູ ໄຑໄຌຊາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍຽ຃ໃ ບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຾ຖະ ຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີ຋ີໃ ກໃ ຼທຂໄບຄ
2. ຃ທາຓປູ ໄຑໄຌຊາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍ (Computer-Hardware)
- Pc, Hardware Architecture and Functions
- Checking & Maintenance Hardware
- Hardware - Upgrade, Back - Up and Networking
- Pc, Hardware Architect : ທິຘະນະກາ Hardware
1. History Computer
2. Computer and PC-Hardware
3. Computer-Hardware - Architecture
4. Functions of all accessories
I. Computer ຾ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
ບຸຎະກບຌບີຽຖັກ຿ຉຕຌິກ຋ີໃ ຋າຄາຌຉາຓ຃າຘັໃ ຄ (຿ຎຕ຾ກຕຓ) ເນໄປັຍຂໄຓູຌ (Input) ຌາແຎຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ
(Process) ຽຑໃ ບເນໄແຈໄຏ຺ຌປັຍ (Output) ຉາຓ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ ຾ຖະ ຘາຓາຈ຅ັຈຽກັຍຂໄຓູຌ (Store/Storage) ຽຑໃ ບເຆໄ
ເຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ຾ຖະ ຌາເຆໄຄາຌເຌ຃ັໄຄຉໃ ໂແຎແຈໄ.
II. ງຸກທິທັຈ຋ະຌາກາຌຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ຽ຃ໃ ບຄຓຆະຌິຈຉ຺ໄຌ຋ີໃ ຊແຈໄທໃ າຽຎັຌຉ຺ໄຌກາຽຌີຈຂບຄ (Computer) ຃: ຖູກ຃ິຈ຋ີໃແຈໄຘໄາຄຂຶໄຌ຿ຈງ຃຺ຌ຅ີຌເຌຘະ
ແນຓຍູປາຌ.
ງຸກ຋ີນຌຶໃ ຄ (1951-1958)
ງຸກ຋ີຘບຄ (1959-1964)
ງຸກ຋ີຘາຓ (1965-1971)
ງຸກ຋ີຘີໃ (1972-1980)
ງຸກ຋ີນໄາ (ຉັໄຄ຾ຉໃ ຎີ 1980 ຽຎັຌຉ຺ໄຌແຎ)
1. ງຸກ຋ີນຌຶໃ ຄ (1951-1958)
- ຽຎັຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉິຂະນຌາຈເນງໃ ເຆແຒຒໄາ຾ປຄຘູຄ
- ເຆໄທ຺ຄ຅ບຌບີຽຖັກ຿ຉຕຌິກ ຾ຖະ ນຖບຈ
- ເຆໄຍັຈຽ຅າະປູຽຎັຌຘໃ ຂໄຓູຌ
- ເຆໄຑາຘາຽ຃ໃ ບຄ຅ັກເຌກາຌ຋າຄາຌ
2. ງຸກ຋ີຘບຄ (1959-1964)
- ຽຎັຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋ີໃ ເຆໄ຋ະຕັຌຆິຈຘະຽຉີ຾຋ຌນຖບຈ຅ຶໃ ຄຽປັຈເນໄຓີຂະນຌາຈຌໄບງຖ຺ຄ ຾ຖະ ຖາ຃າຊກຖ຺ຄຓີ
ທ຺ຄ຾ນທຌ຾ຓໃ ຽນຖັກ ຾ຖະ ນຌໃ ທງ຃ທາຓ຅າຑາງເຌ
- ເຆໄຍັຈຽ຅າະປູ຾຋ຌ຾ຓໃ ຽນຖັກຽຎັຌຘໃ ຂໄຓູຌ
- ເຆໄຑາຘາຘັຌງາຖັກເຌກາຌ຋າຄາຌ
3. ງຸກ຋ີຘາຓ (1965-1971)
- ຽຎັຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋ີໃ ເຆໄແບຆີ (Integrated Circuit) ຘາຓາຈ຋າຄາຌ຾຋ຌກັຍ຋ະຕັຌຆິຈຘະຽຉີນຖາງ
ປໄບງ຿ຉ ຅ຶໃ ຄຽປັຈເນໄຓີຂະນຌາຈຌໄບງຖ຺ຄ
- ເຆໄຍັຈຽ຅າະປູ຾຋ຌ຾ຓໃ ຽນຖັກ຅າກ຾ຓໃ ຽນຖັກຽຎັຌຘໃ

9. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 9
ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- ເຆໄຑາຘາ (PL/1) ຾ຖະ ຑາຘາ຿຃ຍບຌ (CoBol)
4. ງຸກ຋ີຘີໃ (1972-1980)
- ຽຎັຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋ີໃ ເຆໄຂະນຌາຈເນງໃ ຋ີໃ ຽບີໄຌທໃ າ LSI (Large Scale Integrated)
- ເຆໄ຾຋ຌ຾ຓໃ ຽນຖັກ ຾ຖະ ຅າຌ຾ຓໃ ຽນຖັກ຾ຉໃ ຘໃ ທຌຍັຈຽ຅າະປູ຾ຓໃ ຌເຆໄຌໄບງຖ຺ຄ
- ຽຖີໄຓຓີຑາຘາເນຓໃ ໂຂຶໄຌຓາ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: Basic, Pascal
5. ງຸກ຋ີນໄາ (1980 ຽຎັຌຉ຺ໄຌແຎ)
- ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີເຌງຸກຌີໄຆໃ ທງກາຌ຅ັຈກາຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌໂເ຅
- ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີເຌງຸກຌີໄຽບີໄຌທໃ າ: ຎັຌງາຎະຈິຈປູ ໄ(Cartifcial Intelligence AI)
- ຓີກາຌເຆໄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋າຄາຌ຋າຄຈໄາຌກຕາຍຒິກນຖາງຂຶໄຌ
- ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉິເຌງຸກຌີໄຓີຂະນຌາຈຌໄບງຖ຺ຄ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: Notebook, Netbook
III. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ຽ຃ໃ ບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີຘາຓາຈ຾ຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌນຖາງຎະຽຑຈ ຿ຈງບີຄຉາຓນຖັກກາຌ຃ຈັໃ ຄຌີໄ:
1. ຉາຓຖັກຘະຌະເຆໄຂໄຓູຌ຾ຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ຎະຽຑຈ
2. ຉາຓທັຈຊຸຎະຘ຺ຄກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ຾ຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 2 ຎະຽຑຈ
3. ຾ຍໃ ຄຉາຓຂະນຌາຈ ຾ຖະ ຖາ຃າ຾ຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 4 ຎະຽຑຈ
1. ຉາຓຖັກຘະຌະເຆໄຂໄຓູຌ຾ຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ຎະຽຑຈ
Analog Computer: ຽຎັຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋ີໃ ເຆໄນຖັກກາຌຍັຈປັຍຂໄຓູຌເຌຖັກຘະຌະຉໃ ຽຌໃ ບຄ ຾ຖະ ຅າກ
຾ນຖໃ ຄຈາຽຌີຌຂໄຓູຌ຿ຈງກ຺ຄ຾ຖໄທ຋າກາຌຘະ຾ຈຄຏ຺ຌ຋າຄນຌໄາຍັຈ
Digital Computer: ຽຎັຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋ີໃ ຋າຄາຌ຿ຈງເຆໄນຖັກກາຌຍັຈປັຍຂໄຓູຌເຌຖັກຘະຌະຽຎັຌຉ຺ທ
ຽຖກ຋ີໃ ເນໄຏ຺ຌຖັຍ຋ີໃ ຾ຓໃ ຌດາກໃ ທາບາຌາຖ໅ບກ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋ີໃ ເຆໄເຌຎັຈ຅ຸຍັຌຘໃ ທຌນຖທຄນຖາງຽຎັຌຈີ
຅ີຉບຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
Hybrid Computer: ຽຎັຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋ີໃ ຌາຽບ຺າຂໄຈີຂບຄບາຌາຖບກ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຾ຖະ ຈິ຅ີຉບຌ຃ບຓ
ຑິທຽຉີຓາປໃ ທຓກັຌໂຽຑໃ ບເນໄ຋າຄາຌແຈໄ຋ັຄຘບຄຈໄາຌ
2. ຉາຓທັຈຊຸຎະຘ຺ຄກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ຾ຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 2 ຎະຽຑຈ
General Computer: ເຆໄກັຍຄາຌແຈໄນຖາກນຖາງຎະຽຑຈ ຾ຖະ ຘາຓາຈ຋າຄາຌກັຍຑາຘາ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ແຈໄນຖາງຑາຘາ
Special Computer: ເຆໄແຈໄກັຍຄາຌຘະຽຑາະດໃ າຄຎະຽຑຈເຈຎະຽຑຈນຌຶໃ ຄຽ຋຺ໃ າຌັໄຌ
3. ຾ຍຍຉາຓຂະນຌາຈ ຾ຖະ ຖາ຃າ຾ຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 4 ຎະຽຑຈ
Super Computer: ຽຎັຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋ີໃ ຓີຂະນຌາຈເນງໃ ຋ີໃ ຘຸຈ ຾ຖະ ຖາ຃າ຾ຑຄ຋ີໃ ຘຸຈ ຘາຓາຈ຋າຄາຌແຈໄ
ດໃ າຄທໃ ບຄແທ ຽຌໃ ບຄ຅າກຓີກາຌເຆໄນົັກກາຌ຋ີໃ ຽບີໄຌທໃ າ (Multiprocessing) ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີຎະຽຑຈຌີໄ ຌິງ຺ຓເຆໄເຌຄາຌຈໄາຌ
Graphics ນຖ ກາຌ຃າຌທຌ຋າຄທິ຋ະງາຘາຈ ຾ຖະ ບຸຈຘານະກາ.
Mainframe: ຽຎັຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີຂະນຌາຈເນງໃ ປບຄຖ຺ຄຓາ ຾ຖະ ຌິງ຺ຓເຆໄເຌບ຺ຄກາຌຂະນຌາຈໂເນງໃ ຋຺ໃ ທໂແຎ
຋ີໃ ຓີຎະຘິຈ຋ິຑາຍກາຌ຋າຄາຌປບຄ຅າກ Super Computer ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ເຆໄເຌກາຌຽກັຍຂໄຓູຌຂບຄຘິຌ຃ໄາ, ຖູກ຃ໄາ, ຑະ ຌັກ
ຄາຌ ຾ຖະ ຌັກຘຶກຘາ຋ັຄຘະຊາຍັຌ ນຖ ກະຆທຄ຋ັຄນຓ຺ຈ ຘະຊາຍັຌ຋຺ໃ ທຎະຽ຋ຈ, ຌບກຌັໄຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີຆະຌິຈຌີໄງັຄຘາ
ຓາຈຽຆໃ ບຓ຿ງຄກັຍ Terminal ເຌແຖງະ຋າຄຉໃ າຄໂຽຆໃ ບຓ຿ງຄ຃ທຍ຃ຸຓກາຌເຆໄຄາຌຽ຃ໃ ບຄ ATM ຂບຄຖູກ຃ໄາຉາຓຘະ
ຊາຌ຋ີໃ ຉໃ າຄໂ
Mini Computer: ຅ະເຆໄນຖັກກາຌ຋າຄາຌຽຆັໃ ຌຈຼທກັຍ Mainframe ຾ຉໃ ຘິໃ ຄ຋ີໃ ຾ຉກຉໃ າຄກັຌຖະນທໃ າຄ
ຽ຃ໃ ບຄ Mainframe ຾ຖະ Mini Computer ຅ະເຆໄເຌ຋ຸຖະກິຈຂະນຌາຈກາຄ ນຖ ບ຺ຄກາຌຖະຈັຍຑະ຾ຌກກາຌຉໃ າຄ
ໂ ຌັກ຋ຸຖະກິຈ຋຺ໃ ທແຎຌິງ຺ຓເຆໄຘະຽຑາະຄາຌ຋ີໃ ຘາຓາຈຽຆໃ ບຓ຿ງຄກັຍ Terminal ແຈໄນຖາງໂຽ຃ໃ ບຄ.

10. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 10
ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
Micro Computer: ຽຎັຌຽ຃ໃ ບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີຂະນຌາຈຌໄບງ ຾ຖະ ຓີຖາ຃າຊກ຅ິໃ ຄແຈໄປັຍ຃ທາຓຌິງ຺ຓດໃ າຄ
ນຖທຄນຖາງ຋ີໃ ຌິງ຺ຓກັຌຽບີໄຌທໃ າ: ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີຘໃ ທຌຍຸກ຃຺ຌ (Personal Computer) ນຖ PC ຽຑາະຓັກ຅ະຽບ຺າ຃ບຓ
ຑິທຽຉີຆະຌິຈຌີໄແຎເຆໄກັຍຄາຌ຋ີໃ ກໃ ຼທຂໄບຄກັຍຉ຺ຌຽບຄ ທຼກຄາຌຉໃ າຄໂເຌນໄບຄກາຌ ນຖ ຘາຌັກຄາຌ຿ຈງຘະຽຑາະ.
- Desktop Computer
- Notebook Computer
- Tablet PC: ເຆໄເຌກບຄຎະຆຸຓ
- Palm Computer
 ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Types of Computer)
- Desktop – PC, IMac
- Personal Digital Assistant
- Workstation
- Notebook – Laptop
- All – in – one
- Internet Appliance
- Output Unit: ຾ຓໃ ຌບຸຎະກບຌ຋ີໃ ຘ຺ໃ ຄຂໄຓູຌບບກ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: Printer, Monitor ….
- Storage Device Unit: ບຸຎະກບຌຍັຌ຋ຶຌຂໄຓູຌ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: HDD, USB, CD/DVD….
 ບ຺ຄຎະກບຍ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ Hardware
 Output Unit / Printer
 ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ Printer
- ເຆໄຖະຍ຺ຍນ຺ທຽຂັຓ (Dot – Matrix) ເຆໄເຌຍຖິຘັຈ ແຒຒໄາຌໄາຎະຎາ
- ເຆໄນ຺ທຘີຈ (Inkjet)
- ເຆໄ຾ຍຍ຾ຘຄ (laser)
- ຎິຌຽຉີຂະນຌາຈເນງໃ (Large Printer)
- ເຆໄຎິໃ ຌຎໄາງ຿຃ຘະຌາ (Plotter Printer)
 ຎະຽຑຈຽ຃ໃ ບຄຍັຌ຋ຶກຂໄຓູຌ
1. ຆະຌິຈຍັຌ຋ຶກຂໄຓູຌຈໄທງຂະຍທຌກາຌ຋າຄ຾ຓໃ ຽນຖັກແຒຒໄາ ຃:
- Floppy Disk Drive
- Hard Disk Drive
- Backup Drive (Zip, Ext, HDD)
2. ຆະຌິຈຍັຌ຋ຶກຂໄຓູຌຈໄທງຂະຍທຌກາຌ຋າຄ຾ຘຄຽຖຽຆີ ຃:
- CD-R, CD – RW, DVD
 ບຸຎະກບຌບີຽຖັກ຿ຉຕຌິກ຅ະຓີນຌໄາ຋ີໃ ເຌກາຌ຋າຄາຌຑຼຄ 2 ດໃ າຄ ຃:
- ຓີກະ຾ຘແຒຒໄາ ນຖ ຍໃ ຓີກະ຾ຘແຒຒໄາ
- ດູໃ ເຌຑາທະຽຎີຈ ນຖ ຎິຈຽ຃ໃ ບຄ
- 0 ນຖ 1 ຽຆິໃ ຄຽບີໄຌທໃ າ ຖະຍ຺ຍຉ຺ທຽຖກຊາຌຘບຄ
ນຌໃ ທງຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ CPUນຌໃ ທງປັຍຂໄຓູຌ (Input Unit) ນຌໃ ທງຘະ຾ຈຄຏ຺ຌ Output Unit
ນຌໃ ທງ຃ທາຓ຅າຆ຺ໃ ທ຃າທ/ຊາທບຌ
Storage Device Unit

11. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 11
ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ນຌໃ ທງ຋ີໃ ຌໄບງ຋ີໃ ຘຸຈຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຃: ກາຌ຋າຄາຌ຋າຄແຒຒໄາ 1 ຖະຈັຍ ນຖ ຾຋ຌ຃ໃ າຉ຺ທຽຖກຊາຌຘບຄ 1
ຉ຺ທ ຽຆິໃ ຄຽບີໄຌທໃ າ: ຍິຈ (Bit)
 ນຌໃ ທງທັຈຌັຍ຋າຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- 8 bits (ຍິຈ) = 1 Byte (ແຍ)
ຽຌໃ ບຄ຅າກໃ ທາຖະຍ຺ຍຉ຺ທຽຖກ຋າຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຅ະຽຎັຌຖະຍ຺ຍຽຖກຊາຌຘບຄ (0 ນຖ 1) ຽ຋຺ໃ າຌັໄຌ. ຈັໃ ຄຌັໄຌ຃ໃ າຉໃ ແຎ
ຌີໄ຅ຶໃ ຄຽຎັຌ຃ໃ າ຿ຈງຎະຓາຌ ຃:
- 1 KB (Kilobyte ກິ຿ຖແຍ) = 1,024 Bytes
- 1 MB (Megabyte ຽຓກາແຍ) = 1,048 KB
- 1 GB (Gigabyte ກິກາແຍ) = 1,073 MB
- 1 TB (Terabyte ຋າຕາແຍ) = 1,099 GB
 ບ຺ຄຎະກບຍຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຾ຖະ ຖະຍ຺ຍ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Software: ຆຸກ຃າຘັໃ ຄ ຾ຖະ ຿ຎຕ຾ກຕຓຉໃ າຄໂຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Hardware: ບຸຎະກບຌຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Procedure: ຽບກະຘາຌ ນຖ ຃ູໃ ຓຌາເຆໄ
- People Ware: ຏູໄຌາເຆໄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋ີໃ ຆໃ ຼທຆາຌຄາຌ
- Data/Information: ຆັຍຑະງາກບຌຂໄຓູຌ
1. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ Hardware : ບຸຎະກບຌຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): ນຌໃ ທງຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌກາຄ
- Input Unit : ບຸຎະກບຌຌາຂໄຓູຌຽຂ຺ໄາ
- Main Memory Unit : RAM, ນຌໃ ທງ຃ທາຓ຅າຘາປບຄ
- Storage Device / Hardware
 5400 rpm, 7200 rpm : ຃ທາຓແທເຌກາຌຎິໃ ຌບໄບຓປບຍ /1 ຌາ຋ີ
- CD - ROM: (Compact Disk)
- Hardware Alternative
 Dot - Your Self
2. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ Software
- System - Software : ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌ
- AP - Software : ຿ຎຕ຾ກຕຓຌາເຆໄ
- Utilities-Software : ຿ຎຕ຾ກຕຓຆໃ ທງ
 System – Software
- Operating System (OS)
- Disk Operation System (DOS): ຽຎັຌຖະຍ຺ຍ຋ີໃ ເຆໄ຾ຏຌ Diskette
- Windows : ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌຂບຄ Microsoft
- OS2 : ຖະຍ຺ຈຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌຂບຄ Interactional Business Machine (IBM)
- Linux : ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌ
- Macos : ເຆໄຘາຖັຍ Macos
- Unix : ເຆໄຘະຽຑາະຽຆີຽທີ (Server)
 ຑາຘາເຆໄຘາຖັຍຂຼຌ຿ຎຕ຾ກຕຓ (Computer Language)
- Basic
- Cobol
- C/c++ : ຑາຘາຘາຖັຍ Microsoft ຃ທາຓຖະບຼຈຘູຄ

12. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 12
ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Pascal
- Java : ຑາຘາຖັຍ຿຋ຖະຘັຍ, ກໄບຄຈີ຅ິຉບຌ
- Database : ຑາຘາຘາຖັຍຂຼຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ
- Assembly : ຑາຘາ຋ີໃ ເຆໄເຌກາຌ຾ຎ
 Application Software
- GAP: Microsoft Office 2003/2007/2010, Open Office 3.0/3.2, Star Office 8.0/9.0,
Word Perfect 12.0……
- SAP: Auto CAD, Photoshop, GIS, Accounting…..
 Utilities: Lao script, Power DVD, Anti-Virus…..
3. People Ware
ຍຸກ຃ະຖາກບຌ ຽຎັຌບ຺ຄຎະກບຍ຋ີໃ ຘາ຃ັຌນຖາງຑິຽຘຈ ຽຑາະຉໄບຄຓີ຃ທາຓປູ ໄຽຂ຺ໄາເ຅ເຌກາຌເຆໄຄາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍ
ຖະຍ຺ຍ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີຽຎັຌດໃ າຄຈີ຾ຖໄທ ຅ຶໃ ຄ຅ະຽປັຈເນໄກາຌເຆໄຄາຌຓີຎະຘິຈ຋ິຑາຍຘູຄແຈໄ.
຿ຈງຘາຓາຈ຾ຍໃ ຄກຸໃ ຓຍຸກ຃ະຖາກບຌບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ກຸໃ ຓຈໄທງກັຌ຃
- ກຸໃ ຓຏູໄເຆໄ຋຺ໃ ທແຎ
- ກຸໃ ຓຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ
- ກຸໃ ຓຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ
ກຸໃ ຓຏູໄເຆໄ຋຺ໃ ທແຎ
 ຏູໄເຆໄຄາຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ (User End User)
ຊທໃ າຽຎັຌຏູໄເຆໄຄາຌຖະຈັຍຉໃ າຘຸຈ ຍໃ ຅າຽຎັຌຉໄບຄຓີ຃ທາຓຆາຌາຌນຖາງເຌກາຌເຆໄຄາຌກໃ ແຈໄ ຿ຈງຘຶກ
ຘາ຅າກ຃ູໃ ຓກາຌຌາເຆໄແຎຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌຉ຺ທ຅ິຄ ນຖ ປັຍບ຺ຍປ຺ຓຽຑີໄຓຽຉີຓ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄຘາຓາຈຌາເຆໄຽຂ຺ໄາເຌທຼກຄາຌແຈໄຈີຂຶໄຌ.
ກຸໃ ຓຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ
 ຏູໄຍຖິນາຌຘູຄຘຸຈຈໄາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຾ຖະ ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Chief Information Officer: CIO)
 ນ຺ທນຌໄາຈໄາຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Computer Center Manager/Information Manager)
ຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ
 ຆໃ າຄຽ຋ັກຌິກ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Computer Operator/ Computer Technician
 ຌັກທະຽ຃າະຖະຍ຺ຍ (System Analysis)
 ຌັກຂຼຌ຿ຎຕ຾ກຕຓ (Programmer)
 ຌັກທິຘາທະກາຆບຍ຾ທຕ໌ (Software Engineer) ເຆໄເຌຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌ຅ໃ າງແຒຒໄາ, ຌໄາຎະຎາ, ບບກ
຾ຍຍບາ ຃າຌຘະຊາຌ຋ີໃ ຉໃ າຄໂ
 ຏູໄຈູ຾ຖ - ຃ທຍ຃ຸຓຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ (Network Administrator) ຽ຃ບຂໃ າງບິຌຽຉີຽຌັຈ ຽຆິໃ ຄຌາໂເຆໄດູໃ ເຌ຿ປຄ຾ປຓ
 Data/Information
 Data : ຂໄຓູຌ ຾ຓໃ ຌຽຖໃ ບຄ຋ີໃ ຽກີຈຂຶໄຌ຅ິຄເຌຎະ຅ຸຍັຌ
ຂໄຓູຌນຓາງຽຊິຄ ຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃແຈໄ຅າກກາຌຘານຖທຈ຅ິຄ ຽຆິໃ ຄຉ຺ທ຋ີໃ ຾຋ໄ຅ິຄ ນຖ ຽນຈກາຌ຋ີໃ ກໃ ຼທຂໄບຄກັຍ
ຘິໃ ຄຉໃ າຄໂ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຆໃ ຖາງກາຌຉໃ າຄໂຂບຄຍຸກ຃຺ຌ ຘິໃ ຄຂບຄຘະຊາຌ຋ີໃ ຉໃ າຄໂ
 Information: ຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຾ຓໃ ຌຽຖໃ ບຄ຋ີໃ ຽກີຈຂຶໄຌຓຌບະຌາ຃຺ຈ
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ຘິໃ ຄ຋ີໃແຈໄຓາ຅າກກາຌຌາຂໄຓູຌແຎຏໃ າຌຂະຍທຌກາຌນຌຶໃ ຄ຅ິໃ ຄຽບີໄຌທໃ າ: ຂໃ າທຘາຌ
 ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ1 : ຂະຍທຌກາຌ຋າຄາຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຾ຖະ ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີ
 Data to Input Devices be Processed
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Scanners
- Microphone

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ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Digital Camera
 ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ຋ີ 2: ຂະຍທຌກາຌ຋າຄາຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຾ຖະ ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີ
 Computer are Data Processing Devices
- Input data
- Process data
- Output information
- Store data and information
 ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ 3: ກາຌຆໄຘິຌ຃ໄາຉໃ າຄໂເຌປໄາຌ຃ໄາ Supermarket
- ຂໄຓູຌ (Data)  ຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຈໄທງ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ  ຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information)  ເຌປູຍ຾ຍຍຂບຄຖາງຄາຌ
ຘະນຖຸຍ ຾ຖະ ກຕາຍຒິກຘາຖັຍຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ.
- ກາຌກາຌ຺ຈຖາ຃າ 1,999 ຾ຓໃ ຌກາຌກາຌ຺ຈ ຽຑໃ ບຈຶຄຈູຈ຅ິຈເ຅ຂບຄຏູໄຍຖິ຿ຑກ (຋າຄຈໄາຌ຅ິຈຉະທິ຋ະງາ)
 ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ຓີຎະ຿ນງຈຌັໄຌ຅ະຓີ຃ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈ຃ຈັໃ ຄຌີໄ
ຓີ຃ທາຓຘາຑັຌກັຌ (Relevant)
ຘາຓາຈຌາຓາເຆໄແຈໄດໃ າຄຽນຓາະກັຍຘະຊາຌະກາຌເຌຎະ຅ຸຍັຌ
ຎະຽຑຈ ຾ຖະ ຖະຈັຍຂບຄຖູກ຃ໄາ຋ີໃ ຓີ຃ທາຓຘາ຃ັຌ, ຎະຽຑຈຓີຖູກ຃ໄາຎະ຅າ ຾ຖະ
ຖູກ຃ໄາຍໃ ຎະ຅າ ຖະຈັຍຓີຖູກ຃ໄາຖາງເນງໃ ຾ຖະ ຖູກ຃ໄາງໃ ບງ, ຌາເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຓາເຆໄເຌ
ຽທຖາກາຌທາຄ຾ຏຌກາຌຉະ ນຖາຈ ຾ຓໃ ຌກາຌຘໄາຄ຾ປຄຈຶຄຈູຈເນໄຖູກ຃ໄາຘ຺ຌເ຅ຆໄ
ຘິຌ຃ໄາ ຾ຖະ ຍຖິກາຌ ກາຌຂາງ຾ຓໃ ຌກາຌຂາງຘິຌ຃ໄາເນໄແຈໄຉາຓຽຎ຺ໄານຓາງ
ຓີ຃ທາຓ຋ັຌຘະເນຓ (Timely) ຉໄບຄຓີ຃ທາຓ຋ັຌຘະເນຓ ຾ຖະ ຑໄບຓ຋ີໃ ຅ະເຆໄຄາຌແຈໄຽຓໃ ບຉໄບຄກາຌ
ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ: ຓີຖູກ຃ໄາຎະ຅າ ຾ຖະ ຖູກ຃ໄາຖາງເນງໃ ຽປ຺າຉໄບຄຑະງາງາຓປັກຘາແທໄເນໄ
ຈີ ຂໄຓູຌຉໄບຄຓີກາຌບັຍຽຈຈຽຖໄບງໂ
ຓີ຃ທາຓຊກຉໄບຄ຾ຓໃ ຌດາ (Accurate)
ຽຓໃ ບຎໄບຌຂໄຓູຌຽຂ຺ໄາຘູໃ ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຾ຖໄທຏ຺ຌປັຍ຋ີໃ ແຈໄ຅ະຉໄບຄຊກຉໄບຄ
ເຌ຋ຸກໂຘໃ ທຌ ຋າຄຑາກຎະຉິຍັຈ ຾ຖະ ຑາກ຃ິຈແຖໃ ຉໄບຄຉ຺ຄກັຌ
ຓີ຃ທາຓຆັຈຽ຅ຌປັຈກຸຓ (Concise) ຂໄຓູຌຉໄບຄຊກນງໄເນໄຓີ຃ທາຓຆັຈຽ຅ຌ ຾ຖະ ຃ທາຓງາທ຋ີໃ ຑຈີ
ຽນຓາະ
ຽຍີ຿຋ຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຘາ຃ັຌເຌກາຌປັຈກຸຓ, ຆໃ , ຎະຽຑຈ ຾ຖະ ຖະຈັຍ
ຓີ຃ທາຓຘ຺ຓຈູຌເຌຉ຺ຌຽບຄ (Complete) ຉໄບຄຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຘາ຃ັຌແທໄດໃ າຄ຃຺ຍຊໄທຌ
ຆໃ , ຖະນັຈ, ຋ີໃ ດູໃ . ຽຍີ຿຋, ຎະຽຑຈ, ຖະຈັຍ, ປູຍຑາຍ
 ຂະຍທຌກາຌ຋າຄາຌ (Procedure)
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ຂັໄຌຉບຌ຋ີໃ ຏູໄເຆໄ຅ະຉໄບຄຎະຉິຍັຈຉາຓ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄແຈໄຄາຌຘະຽຑາະຍາຄດໃ າຄ຅າກ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ຏູໄເຆໄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ຋ຸກ຃຺ຌ຅ະຉໄບຄປູ ໄຂະຍທຌກາຌ຋າຄາຌຑໄຌຊາຌຂບຄຽ຃ໃ ບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຽຑໃ ບ຋ີໃ ຅ະຘາຓາຈ
ເຆໄຄາຌແຈໄດໃ າຄຊກຉໄບຄຈີ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ກາຌເຆໄຽ຃ໃ ບຄຐາກ-ຊບຌຽຄ ິຌບັຈຉະ຿ຌຓັຈ (ATM) ຊໄາຉໄບຄກາຌຊບຌຽຄ ິຌ຅ະຉໄບຄ
ຏໃ າຌຂະຍທຌກາຌຉໃ າຄໂ ຽຆັໃ ຌ:
 ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ ກາຌກ຺ຈຉູໄATM ຉາຓຂັໄຌຉບຌຈັໃ ຄຌີໄ:
1. ຅ຘະ຾ຈຄຑາຍຂໄຓູຌກຼຓຑໄບຓ຋ີໃ ຅ະ຋າຄາຌ
2. ຘບຈຍັຈ Credit ຽຂ຺ໄາ ຾ຖະ ຑິຓຖະນັຈຍັຈຏູໄແຂຽຂ຺ໄາ
3. ຉໄບຄຽຖບກຖາງກາຌ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ
4. ຉໄບຄຑິຓ຅າຌທຌຽຄ ິຌເຘໃ ຉາຓ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ
5. ຅າກຌັໄຌກໃ ຉໄບຄຖຊໄາປັຍຽຄ ິຌ຅າກຉູໄ
6. ປັຍເຍຍັຌ຋ຶກຖາງກາຌ ຾ຖະ ປັຍຽບ຺າຍັຈ Credit ຃ຌ

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ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
 ຃ທາຓປູ ໄຑໄຌຊາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Computer-Hardware)
- Checking & Maintenance of Hardware
1. Checking of Computer: ກາຌຽຆັກ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
2. Maintenance of Computer-Hardware: ກາຌຈູ຾ຖປັກຘາ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ Hardware
- Hardware-Upgrade, Back Up
1. Upgrade of computer: ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຊໃ າງບຸຎະກບຌ
2. Back Up of Computer: ຍັຌ຋ຶກຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຓີດູໃ ເຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີແທໄ
CD/DVD Drive
Hard Drive
Floppy Disk Drive
Zip Drive
Jazz Drive
Tape Drive
Micro Drive
ຘາຖະຍາຌ/Contents
I. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋າຄຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖງີ IT
II. ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
III. ຖະຍ຺ຍງໃ ບງຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບກາຌຍຖິນາຌ
IV. ກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌະຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຑາກຘະຽນຌີ
ຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌງຸກເນຓໃ
ຏູໄເຈຓີຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຈີ ຏູໄຌັໄຌຓີບາຌາຈ
ຏູໄຍຖິນາຌງຸກເນຓໃ ຎະກບຍຓີ Man, Money, Material, Mission & Plan
ກາຌຍຖິນາຌ຾ຍຍຽກ຺ໃ າ: ຘູຄ, ກາຄ, ຉ຺ໄຌ (຾ຍຍຖທຓບາຌາຈ) ຏິຈຑາຈຘູຄກໃ ທາ
ກາຌຍຖິນາຌ຾ຍຍເນຓໃ : ຉ຺ໄຌ, ກາຄ, ຘູຄ (຿ຉ຋ີໃ ຽຂ຺າຘະຽນຌີເນໄຍໃ ຽບ຺າ, ຓີ຃ຸຌຌະຑາຍກໃ ທາ)
ຖັຈຍຖິນາຌ ຅ຶໃ ຄຍໃ ເຆໄກາຌຍຖິນາຌ຾ຍຍເນຓໃ ງໄບຌ: ຍາຄ຾ຂທຄນ຺ທນຌໄາຑະ຾ຌກ຅຺ຍ຾ຉໃ ຆັຌຉ຺ໄຌຆັໄຌຘູຄ, ຍໃ ຋ັຌຓີ
຃ທາຓປູ ໄ຃ທາຓຘາຓາຈ຋ີໃ ຾ຌໃ ຌບຌເຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ຅
 ຍັຌນາດໄາຌຽຘງຏ຺ຌຎະ຿ນງຈຂບຄຉ຺ຌຽບຄ

15. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 15
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີໂ1 ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຉັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີໂInformation Technology
ຍ຺ຈ຋ີ 1 ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຉັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີ Information Technology
I. ຃ທາຓຘາ຃ັຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີ
1. ຎະ຅ຸຍັຌ IT ແຈໄຓີ຃ທາຓຘາ຃ັຌຽຑີໄຓຂຶໄຌດໃ າຄນຖທຄນຖາງ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ເຌຆີທິຈຎະ຅າທັຌ (຿຋ຖະຘັຍເຌກາຌ຿຋
ນາກັຌ, ຿຋ຖະ຋ັຈເຌກາຌຽຍິໃ ຄຂໃ າທກໃ ຼທກັຍຍໄາຌ, ຽຓບຄ) ຆີທິຈກາຌ຋າຄາຌ (ຉໄບຄແຈໄເຆໄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ, Website, ຿຋
ຖະຘັຍ) ຾ຖະ ກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌຂບຄບ຺ຄກາຌຉໃ າຄໂ ຾ຖະ ຅຺ຌຘາຓາຈຎຼຍແຈໄທໃ າ: ‘ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ’ ແຈໄຽນຓບຌກັຍຘາງ
ຽຖບຈ຋ີໃ ນຖໃ ຖໄຼຄກາຌ຋າຄາຌ຾຋ຌ຋ຸກຈໄາຌຂບຄບ຺ຄກາຌ (ທໃ າຽຖໃ ບຄ຋ຸຖະກິຈ ຾ຓໃ ຌ຃ູໃ ຾ຂໃ ຄຂັຌ຾ຍຍເຈຆິບບກຓາເນຓໃ )
຾ຖະ ຏ຺ຌກະ຋຺ຍຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຓີດໃ າຄກທໄາຄຂທາຄ ຋ັຄເຌຖະຍ຺ຍຍຸກ຃຺ຌກຸໃ ຓ຃຺ຌບ຺ຄກາຌຖທຓ຋ັຄກາຌ຋າຄາຌເຌຘາ
ຂາທິຆາບາຆີຍຉໃ າຄໂ
ຍ຺ຈຍາຈ຃ທາຓຘາ຃ັຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຎັຌຏ຺ຌຽຌໃ ບຄຓາ຅າກກາຌຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄຂບຄຘະຑາຍ຾ທຈຖໄບຓ ຽຆັໃ ຌ:
຃ທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌຂບຄຖູກ຃ໄາ ຽຓໃ ບຖູກ຃ໄາຍໃ ເຆໄຉໄບຄຓີກາຌຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄຏະຖິຈຉະຑັຌ ຽປ຺າຉໄບຄຽບ຺າຂໄຓູຌ຅າກ຃ູໃ ຾ຂໃ ຄ ຊໄາເຏຓີ
຃ທາຓແທເຌກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌະຘິຌ຃ໄາ຾ຓໃ ຌຏູໄຌັໄຌແຈໄຎຼຍ
Toffler (1980) ແຈໄ຾ຍໃ ຄທິທັຈ຋ະຌາກາຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຘັຄ຃຺ຓບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ງຸກ຃:
# ງຸກກະຽຘຈຉະກາ (຋ີໃ ຈິຌ, ຾ປຄຄາຌ)
# ງຸກບຸຈຘານະກາ (຃຺ຌ, ຽ຃ໃ ບຄ຅ັກ)
# ງຸກຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (ຂໄຓູຌ, ຂໃ າທຘາຌ, ຃ທາຓປູ ໄ)
ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄຂບຄຘະຑາຍ຾ທຈຖໄບຓເຌຎັຈ຅ຸຍັຌແຈໄຽປັຈເນໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຓີ຃ທາຓຘາ຃ັຌ ຽຑີໄຓຂຶໄຌ຿ຈງຽຌັໄຌ຋ີໃ
ຎະຽຈັຌຘາ຃ັຌ ຃: ຈັໃ ຄຉໃແຎຌີໄ:
 ຖະຍ຺ຍຽຘຈຊະກິຈງຸກເນຓໃ
 ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄຈໄາຌບ຺ຄກາຌ ຾ຖະ ກາຌຍຖິນາຌ
 ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄຈໄາຌຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
1. ຃ທາຓຘາ຃ັຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີ
 ປຸຍ຾ຍຍຽຘຈຊະກິຈງຸກເນຓໃ
ຓີຖັກຘະຌະ 3 ຎະກາຌ ຃:
ຽຘຈຊະກິຈ຿ຖກ Global Economy ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ທິກິຈກາຌຽຄ ິຌ຋ີໃ ຽກີຈຂຶໄຌ ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ: ຎະຽ຋ຈບາຽຓຖິກາ ຋ີໃ ຘ຺ໃ ຄ
ຏ຺ຌກະ຋຺ຍຉໃ ຍໄາຌຽປ຺າ຃ ຋ຸຖະກິຈກາຌ຋ໃ ບຄ຋ໃ ຼທ, ກາຌ຃ໄາຂາບບກ-ຂາຽຂ຺ໄາ ຅ີຌ, ບິຌຽຈງ, ຓາຽຖຆີຌ
ຽຘຈຊະກິຈຽຆິໃ ຄຽຌັໄຌກາຌຍຖິກາຌ຋ີໃ ບາເຘຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຎັຌນຖັກ ງ຺ກຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ: ຂໄຓູຌເຌກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາ
ຏະຖິຈຉະຑັຌ
ຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ຃ທາຓຘາຑັຌ ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ: ກາຌ຃ໄາຖະນທໃ າຄຖາທ-ແ຋
 ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄຂບຄບ຺ຄກບຌ ຾ຖະ ກາຌຍຖິນາຌ
ຓີຖັກຘະຌະ 3 ຎະກາຌ ຃:
ບ຺ຄກາຌ຾ຍຍເນຓໃ
ກາຌຍຖິນາຌ຾ຍຍເນຓໃ
ຽຌັໄຌ຋ີໃ ຃ທາຓ຿ຎໃ ຄເຘ ຾ຖະ ກທຈຘບຍແຈໄ(ງໄບຌຍໃ຿ຎໃ ຄເຘ)
 ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄຂບຄຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ IT ຓີກາຌຑັຈ຋ະຌາດໃ າຄທໃ ບຄແທ ຘາຓາຈຉບຍຘະນຌບຄ຃ທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌຂບຄຏູໄເຆໄ
ນຖາງຂຶໄຌ ຖາ຃າຊກຖ຺ຄ ຓີປູຍ຾ຍຍກາຌຘໃ ຘາຌ຿຋ຖະ຃຺ຓຓະຌາ຃຺ຓ ຋ີໃ ນຖາກນຖາງ ຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີ ຓີຍ຺ຈຍາຈເຌກາຌ
ຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ ຾ຖະ ກາຌ຋າຄາຌທິຘາຆີຍຉໃ າຄໂ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ກາຌ຾ຑຈ, ທິ຋ະງາຘາຈ, ຎະນທັຈຘາຈ, ຎຕັຈຆະງາ,
ຖັຈຊະຘາຈ, ຈ຺ຌຉີ, ກາຌຘຶກຘາຉໃ າຄໂ.
ເຆໄຖະຍ຺ຍ GPs and ຈາທ຋ຼຓຽຂ຺ໄາເຌກາຌທັຈ຾຋ກ຋ີໃ ຈີຌ, ກາຌຑະງາກບຌບາກາຈ

16. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 16
຃ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີ, ຂໄຓູຌ, ຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ, ຂໃ າທຘາຌ, ຃ທາຓປູໄໂ຾ຖະໂຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຎະນທັຈຘາຈ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ກາຌຍັຌ຋ຶກຑາຍເຌຘະແນຓກໃ ບຌແຎຊໃ າງແຎຂະນງາງ ຾ຖໄທຑິຓຽຎັຌຎໄຓ
ຎຕັຈງາ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ທັຈຊຸ ຾ຖະ ແຆງະຘາຈ ທາຈຑາຍເຌຘິໃ ຄຈັໃ ຄກໃ າທທໃ າຓີ຅ິຄ
ຖັຈຊະຘາຈ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຈາທ຋ຼຓ຅ັຍເຌກາຌຂີໄຖັກ, ກໄບຄທ຺ຄ຅ບຌ
ຈ຺ຌຉີຽຆັໃ ຌ: ປໄບຄ຃າຖາ຿ບະຽກະ ຑາຍຽ຃ໃ ບຌແນທ, ນຌັຄຉໃ າຄໂ
ກາຌຘຶກຘາ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຿ຎຕ຾ກຕຓປຼຌຑາຘາບັຄກິຈ
II. ຃ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄຽ຋ັກໂ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີ, ຂໄຓູຌ, ຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ, ຂໃ າທຘາຌ, ຃ທາຓປູ ໄ຾ຖະ ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຘໄາຄຂຶໄຌຓາຽຑໃ ບ຅ຸຈຓຸໄຄນຖາງຎະກາຌ ຅ຸຈຓຸໄຄນຓາງຎະກາຌນຌຶໃ ຄກໃ ຃: ກາຌຌາຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ
຿ຖດີ Technology ຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌ ນຖ ຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ Data or Database ເນໄຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information
຾ຖະ ຌາແຎຘູໃ ຃ທາຓປູ ໄKnowledge ຽຂ຺ໄາຽຎັຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບຆໃ ທງ຾ກໄແຂເຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ເຌກາຌ
ຽກັຍກາຊາຌຂໄຓູຌຂບຄຖູກ຃ໄາ.
ຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີ Technology
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ກາຌຌາຽບ຺າ຃ທາຓປູ ໄຓາເຆໄ ຃ທາຓປູ ໄ຋າຄຈໄາຌທິ຋ະງາຘາຈ ຽບ຺າຓາເຆໄເນໄຽກີຈຎະ຿ນງຈ ກາຌຘຶກຘາ
ຑັຈ຋ະຌາ຃ທາຓປູ ໄຉໃ າຄໂ ຾ຖະ ນາ຋າຄຌາຓາເຆໄເຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌເນໄຽກີຈຎະ຿ນງຈຘູຄຘຸຈ.
ຂໄຓູຌ Data ຃: ຂໄ຋ີໃ ຾຋ໄ຅ິຄກໃ ຼທກັຍຽນຈກາຌ ນຖ ຂໄຓູຌຈິຍ຋ີໃ ງັຄຍໃ ຏໃ າຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌງັຄຍໃ ຓີ ຃ທາຓນຓາງ
ເຌກາຌຌາແຎເຆໄຄາຌ ຂໄຓູຌບາຈ຅ະຽຎັຌຉ຺ທຽຖກ ຉ຺ທບັກຘບຌ ຘັຌງາຖັກ ປູຍຑາຍ ຘຼຄ ນຖ ຑາຍຽ຃ບຌແນທ ຽຉັກຌິກ
຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຃: Hard ware ຋ີໃ ຘາຓາຈ຅ັຍແຈໄ, Technology ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຃ຸຌຌະຑາຍ
Data ຾ຓໃ ຌຂໄ຋ີໃ ຾຋ໄ຅ິຄກໃ ຼທກັຍຍຸກ຃຺ຌຘິໃ ຄຂບຄ຾ຌທ຃ິຈ ຾ຖະ ຽນຈກາຌ຋ີໃ ຽປ຺າຘ຺ຌເ຅ຘຶກຘາ ບາຈແຈໄຓາ຅າກກາຌ
ຌັຍ ກາຌທັຈ ຽຆິໃ ຄຽຎັຌແຈໄ຋ັຄຉ຺ທຽຖກ ຂໄ຃ທາຓ ຘັຌງາຖັກ ນຖ ປູຍຑາຍ
Data ຾ຓໃ ຌຂໄ຋ີໃ ຾຋ໄ຅ິຄ຋ີໃ ຓີດູໃ ນຖ ແຈໄຓາ຅າກຽນຈກາຌ຋ີໃ ຽກີຈຂຶໄຌ ຿ຈງຓີແຈໄ຅າກກາຌຎໃ ຼຌ຾ຎຄເຈໂ ຽຆິໃ ຄບາຈ
຅ະຽຎັຌຽ຃ໃ ບຄນຓາງຉ຺ທຽຖກ (ຂໄຓູຌຽຆີຄຎະຖິຓາຌ) ຉ຺ທບັກຘບຌ ນຖ ຘັຌງາຖັກຘໃ ເຈໂ (ຂໄຓູຌຽຆີຄ຃ຸຌຌະຑາຍ) ກໃແຈໄ
຃ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂັໄຌຑໄຌຊາຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ Data
III. ຃ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂັໄຌຑໄຌຊາຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ (Data)
1. ຃ທາຓຊກຉໄບຄ: ນາກຽຆໃໃ
ບຊຍໃ ແຈໄ຅ະຽປັຈເນໄຽກີຈຏ຺ຌຽຘງ ຏູໄເຆໄ຅ະຍໃ ກໄາບໄາຄບີຄ ນຖ ຌາແຎເຆໄເນໄຽກີຈຎະ຿ນງຈ
2. ຃ທາຓທໃ ບຄແທ ຾ຖະ ຋ັຌຘະແນຓ: ຋ັຌຉໃ ຃ທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌຂບຄຏູໄເຆໄຓີກາຌຉບຍຘະນຌບຄຉໃ ຏູໄເຆໄແຈໄແທ.
3. ຃ທາຓຘ຺ຓຍູຌ: ຂຶໄຌດູໃ ກັຍກາຌຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ ຾ຖະ ທິ຋ີກາຌຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌ
4. ຃ທາຓຆັຈຽ຅ຌ ຾ຖະ ກະ຋ັຈປັຈ: ຘໃ ຃ທາຓນຓາງແຈໄ
5. ຃ທາຓຘບຈ຃ໃ ບຄ: ນຖ ຃ທາຓຽຎັຌແຎແຈໄ຃ທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌຂບຄຍຸກ຃຺ຌ ນຖ ນຌໃ ທງຄາຌ
Database ກາຌຽ຅ັຈຽກັຍຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ກໃ ຼທຂໄບຄກັຌດໃ າຄຓີຖະຍ຺ຍ ຏູໄເຆໄຄາຌຘາຓາຈຽຍິໃ ຄ຾ກໄແຂຽຑີໄຓຽຉີຓ ນຖ ຖ຺ຍ
ຂໄຓູຌແຈໄຽຎັຌຉ຺ໄຌ ຾ຖະ ຓັກ຅ະຌາຽບ຺າຖະຍ຺ຍ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີຓາຆໃ ທງ ເຌກາຌ຅ັຈຽກັຍຂໄຓູຌຽຂ຺ໄາຓາຘໄາຄຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄ
຋ັຌຉໃ ຃ທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌເຆໄ຾ຖະ ຊກຉໄບຄຉ຺ຄຉາຓ຃ທາຓຽຎັຌ຅ິຄ.
Database ກາຌຽກັຍຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ຅າຌທຌນຖາງແທໄດໃ າຄຽຎັຌຖະຍຼຍ ຆໃ ທງເນໄກາຌຍຖິນາຌ຅ັຈຽກັຍ
຾ຖະ ຃຺ໄຌນາຂໄຓູຌຈໄທງ຿ຎຕ຾ກຕຓຓາເຆໄຽຎັຌແຎແຈໄດໃ າຄຓີຎະຘິຈ຋ິຑາຍ ກາຌຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ຋ັຄນຓ຺ຈຽຂ຺າຓາຽກັຍແທໄ
ເຌ ຍໃ ບຌຈຼທກັຌ ຾ຖະ ນຖຸຈກາຌຆໄາຆໄບຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ ຏູໄເຆໄ຅ຶໃ ຄຽຍິໃ ຄຽນັຌຂໄຓູຌ຋ັຄນຓ຺ຈແຈໄ຅າກຘະຊາຌ຋ີໃ ຈຼທ
Database ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ກາຌຽກັຍຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌຽຂ຺ໄາແທໄຈໄທງກັຌດໃ າຄຓີ຾ຍຍ຾ຏຌ ຋ີໃ ເຈ຋ີໃ ນຌຶໃ ຄໂເຌບ຺ຄກາຌ
ຽຑໃ ບ຋ີໃ ຏູໄເຆໄ຅ະຘາຓາຈຌາຂໄຓູຌຓາຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ຾ຖະ ຌາຓາເຆໄຄາຌຉາຓ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌແຈໄດໃ າຄຎະຘິຈ຋ິຑາຍ.
IV. ຃ທາຓຘາ຃ັຌຂບຄຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Database)
1. ນຖຸຈກາຌຽກັຍກາຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຆໄາຆໄບຌ
2. ປັກຘາ຃ທາຓຊກຉໄບຄຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ
3. ກາຌຎໄບຄກັຌ ຾ຖະ ປັກຘາ຃ທາຓຎບຈແຑເນໄຽກັຍກາຂໄຓູຌຽປັຈແຈໄຄໃາງ ຾ຖະ ຘະຈທກ
4. ຘາຓາຈເຆໄຂໄຓູຌປໃ ທຓກັຌແຈໄ

17. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 17
ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌໂ(Information)
5. ຓີ຃ທາຓຽຎັຌບິຈຘະຖະຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ: ຽຑີໄຓຽຉີຓ, ຾ກໄແຂ, ຎັຍຎຸຄ, ຖຶຍບບກ
ດ຺ກຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ ຾ຖະ ບະ຋ິຍາງ຋ັຄ 5 ຂໄຽຎັຌທຼກຍໄາຌ
V. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information)
 ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຽຎັຌຎະ຿ນງຈຉໃ ກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຆີທິຈຂບຄຓະຌຸຈ, ຓະຌຸຈ຾ຉໃ ຃຺ຌຉັໄຄ຾ຉໃ ຽກີຈຓາແຈໄປຼຌປູ ໄຘິໃ ຄ
ຉໃ າຄໂ ຽຎັຌ຅າຌທຌນຖາງ ປຼຌປູ ໄຘະຑາຍຘັຄ຃຺ຓ຃ທາຓຽຎັຌດູໃ ກ຺ຈນຓາງ ຾ຖະ ທິຆາກາຌ
 Information ຃: ຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃແຈໄຏໃ າຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ນຖ ຅ັຈຖະຍ຺ຍ຾ຖໄທ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄຓີ຃ທາຓນຓາງ ຾ຖະ ຃ຸຌ
຃ໃ າຘາຖັຍຏູໄເຆໄ
 Information ຃: ຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຏໃ າຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ຾ຖໄທ ຘາຓາຈຌາແຎເຆໄຎະ຿ນງຈແຈໄຎະກບຍຈໄທງຂໄຓູຌຽບ
ກະຘາຌ ຘຼຄ ນຖ ປູຍຑາຍ
 Information ຃: ຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃແຈໄປັຍກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ນຖ ຎຸຄ຾ຉໃ ຄ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄຓີ຃ທາຓນຓາງຽຎັຌຎະ຿ນງຈຉໃ ຏູໄ
ເຆໄ຾ຖະ ບ຺ຄກບຌຉໃແຎ ຽຆັໃ ຌ:
VI. ຃ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄ຃ທາຓປູໄ (Knowledge)
 ຃ທາຓປູ ໄ knowledge ຾ຓໃ ຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຍທກກັຍ຃ທາຓຽຂ຺ໄາເ຅ Know-how ຃: ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌດໃ າຄ
ຈຼທຍໃ ຑ຋ີໃ ຅ະຽປັຈເນໄຽກີຈ຃ທາຓປູ ໄ ຽປ຺າຉໄບຄຽຂ຺ໄາເ຅ທິ຋ີ຋ີໃ ຈີ຋ີໃ ຘຸຈເຌກາຌເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ເຌກາຌ຾ກໄແຂຍັຌນາກາຌ
ຏະຖິຈຘິຌ຃ໄາ ນຖ ຍຖິກາຌ (Kout & Zander, 1992)
 ຃ທາຓປູ ໄ Knowledge ຃: ຃ທາຓປັຍປູ ໄ ຾ຖະ ຃ທາຓຽຂ຺ໄາເ຅ເຌກາຌຌາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌແຎເຆໄເຌກາຌ຾ກໄແຂ
ຍັຌນາເຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ
VII. ກາຌຑ຺ທຑັຌຂບຄ Data, Processing, Information, Knowledge
VIII. ຖັກຘະຌະຂບຄຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information ຋ີໃ ຈີ
຃ຸຌ຃ໃ າຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຂບຄ຾ຉໃ ຖະ຃຺ຌຍໃ ຅າຽຎັຌຉໄບຄຽນຓບຌກັຌ (Hagetal, 2000) ແຈໄ຾ຍໃ ຄຖັກຘະຌະ
ຂບຄຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ຈີແທໄ4 ຎະກາຌ ຃:
1. ຈໄາຌຽທຖາ Time
 ກາຌ຋ັຌຽທຖາ (Timeliness) ຃: ຘາຓາຈນາທໃ ບຄແທ຋ັຌຽທຖາ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ
 ຃ທາຓຽຎັຌຎະ຅ຸຍັຌ (Up-to-date) ຃: ຓີກາຌຎັຍຎຸຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຎະ຅ຸຍັຌດູໃ ຘະຽນຓີ
 ຓີແຖງະຽທຖາ (Time Period) ຃: ຓີ຋ັຄຂໄຓູຌເຌບະຈີຈ ຎະ຅ຸຍັຌ ຾ຖະ ບະຌາ຃຺ຈ ຽຆິໃ ຄຽຎັຌຎະ຿ນງຈຉໃ
ກາຌທາຄ຾ຏຌ ຾ຖະ ກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ຅
2. ຈໄາຌຽຌໄບເຌ
 ຃ທາຓຊກຉໄບຄ຋ໃ ຼຄຉ຺ຄ ຃: ຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຆິໃ ຄຍໃ ຓີ຃ທາຓຑິຈຑາຈ
 ຃ທາຓຘາຑັຌກັຍຽຖໃ ບຄ ຃: ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ຘບຈ຃ໃ ບຄກັຍຽຖໃ ບຄ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ
 ຃ທາຓຘ຺ຓຍູຌ ຃: ກາຌ຃ທຍ຃ຸຓຖາງຖະບຼຈ຋ີໃ ຘາ຃ັຌ຋ຸກຽຖໃ ບຄ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄປູ ໄ
 ຃ທາຓນຌໄາຽຆໃ ບຊແຈໄ຃: ຾ຓໃ ຌຂຶໄຌກັຌກາຌຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ ຾ຖະ ຾ນຖໃ ຄ຋ີໃ ຓາຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ
ຂໄຓູຌ Data ຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌ
Data Processing
ຂໃ າທຘາຌ
Information
຃ທາຓປູໄ
Knowledge
຃ທາຓຽຂ຺ໄາເ຅
Know-how

18. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 18
ກາຌຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
 ກາຌຘບຍແຈໄ຃: ກທຈຘບຍ຃ທາຓຊກຉໄບຄ ຾ຖະ ຾ນຖໃ ຄ຋ີໃ ຓາຂບຄຂໄຓູຌແຈໄ
3. ຈໄາຌປູຍ຾ຍຍ
 ຃ທາຓຆັຈຽ຅ຌ
 ຖະຈັຍຂບຄກາຌຌາຘະຽນຌີຖາງຖະບຼຈ (ຽທ຺ໄາເຌຑາຘາ຋ີໃ ຘັຄ຃຺ຓງບຓປັຍຽຑໃ ບເນໄຽຂ຺ໄາເ຅ຄໃາງ)
 ປູຍ຾ຍຍກາຌຘະຽນຌີ ກາຌ຾ຉໄຓຽຎັຌປູຍຽຎັຌ Chart
 ຘໃ ເຌກາຌຌາຘະຽນຌີ
 ຃ທາຓງຈງຸໃ ຌ
 ຃ທາຓຎະນງັຈ
4. ຈໄາຌຂະຍທຌກາຌ
 ຃ທາຓຘາຓາຈເຌກາຌຽຂ຺ໄາຽຊິຄ
 ກາຌຓີຘໃ ທຌປໃ ທຓ
 ກາຌຽຆໃ ບຓ຿ງຄ
IX. ກາຌຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຽຎັຌກາຌຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຎະ຿ນງຈຉໃ ກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ ຅າຽຎັຌຉໄບຄບາເຘຽຉັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີຽຂ຺ໄາຓາຆໃ ທງເຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ
ຽຖີໃ ຓຉັໄຄ຾ຉໃ ກາຌຖທຍຖທຓ ຾ຖະ ກທຈຘບຍຂໄຓູຌ. ກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ ກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌເນໄກາງຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
຾ຖະ ກາຌຈູ຾ຖປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບກໃ ເຆໄຄາຌຎະກບຍຈໄທງຂໄຉໃ າຄໂຉໃແຎຌີໄ:
1. ກາຌຖທຍຖທຓ ຾ຖະ ກທຈຘບຍຂໄຓູຌຎະກບຍຈໄທງ
 ກາຌຽກັຍຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ ຽຎັຌຽຖໃ ບຄຂບຄກາຌ຅ັຈຽກັຍຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ ຽຆິໃ ຄຓີ຅າຌທຌນຖາງ ຾ຖະ ຉໄບຄ
ເນໄແຈໄ຋ັຌຽທຖາ
 ກາຌກທຈຘບຍຂໄຓູຌ ຽຓໃ ບຓີກາຌຽກັຍຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ ຽຑໃ ບກທຈຘບຍ຃ທາຓຊກຉໄບຄຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຽກັຍຽຂ຺ໄາ
ເຌຖະຍ຺ຍ຅ະຉໄບຄຓີ຃ທາຓຽຆໃ ບຊແຈໄ ນາກຑ຺ຍ຋ີໃ ຏິຈຑາຈຉໄບຄ຾ກໄແຂ຋ັຌ຋ີ ກາຌທັຈ຾຋ກ຃ທາຓ຋ຸກງາກ, ຎາຌກາຄ, ປັໃ ຄ
ຓີ ຃: ບາ຃າຌ຋ີໃ ດູໃ ບາເຘ, ຽຂ຺ໄາກິຌ…
2. ກາຌຈາຽຌີຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌເນໄກາງຽຎັຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
 ກາຌ຅ັຈ຾ຍໃ ຄຂໄຓູຌ ຂໄ຋ີໃ ຅ັຈຽກັຍກໃ ຉໄບຄຓີກາຌ຾ຍໃ ຄ຾ງກກຸໃ ຓ ຽຑໃ ບກຼຓແທໄຘານຖັຍກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ ກາຌ຾ຍໃ ຄ
຾ງກກຸໃ ຓຽຎັຌທິ຋ີ຋ີໃ ຆັຈຽ຅ຌ
 ກາຌ຅ັຈຖຼຌຂໄຓູຌ ຽຓໃ ບຂັຈ຾ຍໃ ຄກຸໃ ຓຽຎັຌ຾ຒັຓ຾ຖໄທ ຃ທຌຓີກາຌ຅ັຈກຼຓຂໄຓູຌຉາຓຖາຈັຍຉ຺ທຽຖກ ນຖ
ຉ຺ທບັກຘບຌ ນຖ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄປຼກເຆໄຄາຌແຈໄຄໃາງ
 ກາຌຘະນຖຸຍຏ຺ຌ ຍາຄ຃ັໄຄຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຅ັຈຽກັຍຓີ຅າຌທຌນຖາງ ຅າຽຎັຌຉໄບຄຓີກາຌຘະນຖຸຍຏ຺ຌ ນຖ ຘໄາຄຖາງ
ຄາຌງໃ ບງ ຽຑໃ ບຌາແຎເຆໄຎະ຿ນງຈ ຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຘະນຖຸຍແຈໄຈັໃ ຄຌີໄບາຈ຅ະຘໃ ຃ທາຓນຓາງແຈໄຈີກໃ ທາ
 ກາຌ຃າຌທຌ ຂໄຓູຌ຋ີໃ ຅ັຈຽກັຍຓີ຅າຌທຌນຖທຄນຖາງ ຂໄຓູຌຍາຄຘໃ ທຌຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຉ຺ທຽຖກ ຋ີໃ ຘາຓາຈຌາແຎ
຃າຌທຌຽຑໃ ບນາຏ຺ຌປັຍຍາຄດໃ າຄແຈໄ ຽຑໃ ບກາຌທາຄ຾ຏຌກາຌຉະນຖາຈກາຌຂາງ ຾ຖະ ກາຌຏະຖິຈ ກາຌຽຄ ິຌ ຾ຖະ ກາຌຈູ
຾ຖປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ ກາຌຌາຂໄຓູຌແຎເຆໄເຌກາຌທາຄ຾ຏຌ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ກາຌຏະຖິຈ, ກາຌຉະນຖາຈ
ກາຌຂາງ, ກາຌຽຄ ິຌ…
3. ກາຌຈູ຾ຖປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຑໃ ບກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ
 ກາຌຽກັຍປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌ ນຓາງຽຊິຄກາຌຌາຂໄຓູຌຓາຍັຌ຋ຶກຽກັຍແທໄເຌຘໃ ຍັຌ຋ຶກຉໃ າຄໂ
 ກາຌ຃຺ໄຌນາຂໄຓູຌ ກາຌຌາຂໄຓູຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີຽຂ຺ໄາຓາຓີຘໃ ທຌຆໃ ທງເຌກາຌ຋າຄາຌ ຽປັຈກາຌປຼກ຃຺ໄຌ຃ທໄາ
ກະ຋າແຈໄແທຂຶໄຌ ຾ຖະ ຋ັຌຽທຖາ
 ກາຌບັຈຊໃ າງຂໄຓູຌ ຽຑໃ ບ຋ີໃ ຅ະຌາຂໄຓູຌຽກັຍປັກຘາແທໄນຖ ຌາແຎ຾຅ກ຅ໃ າງເຌຑາງນຖັຄ

19. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 19
ກາຌຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
 ກາຌຘໃ ຘາຌຂໄຓູຌ ຉໄບຄກະ຅າງ ນຖ ຘ຺ໃ ຄຉໃ ໂແຎງັຄຏູໄເຆໄຄາຌ຋ີໃ ນໃ າຄແກແຈໄຄໃາງ຅ະຽປັຈໂເນໄກາຌຘ຺ໃ ຄຂໃ າທຘາຌແຎ
ງັຄຏູໄເຆໄຽປັຈແຈໄທໃ ບຄແທ ຾ຖະ ຋ັຌຽທຖາ
4. ຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information Technology
Information Technology = IT
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ກາຌຌາຽບ຺າ຃ທາຓປູ ໄ຋າຄຈໄາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຓາເຆໄເຌທິ຋ະງາຘາຈ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ ຿ຈງບາເຘ
ຽ຃ໃ ບຄຓ຋າຄຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີເນຓໃ ໂ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີຈໄາຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ, ຽ຃ບຂໃ າງ຿຋ຖະ຃຺ຓຓະຌາ຃຺ຓ ຾ຖະ ກາຌຘໃ ຘາຌ
ຉະນຖບຈຽຊິຄກາຌບາເຘ຃ທາຓປູ ໄເຌຂະຍທຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌເຌຂັໄຌຉບຌຉໃ າຄໂ ຉັໄຄ຾ຉໃ ກາຌຘະ຾ນທຄ
ນາກາຌທິຽ຃າະ, ກາຌ຅ັຈຽກັຍ, ຖທຓຽຊິຄກາຌ຅ັຈກາຌຽຏີງ຾ຏໃ ຾ຖະ ຎໃ ຼຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຈໄທງ
ຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information Technology = IT
຃ປາຈ຾ທໃ ຾ຖະ ຘບຍ຾ທໃ ກາຌຘໃ ຘາຌ຿຋ຖະ຃຺ຓຓະຌາ຃຺ຓ ກາຌ຅ັຈກາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ ຾ຖະ ຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖດີ຋ີໃ
ເຆໄເຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ເຆໄເຌ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ (O’Brien, 2001).
5. ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information System)
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information System =IS)
ຽຎັຌຖະຍ຺ຍ຋ີໃ ຏໃ າຌຂະຍທຌກາຌກັໃ ຌຉບຄ ນຖ ຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄແຈໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ
ຽຑໃ ບ຋ີໃ ຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ຅ ນຖ ກາຌຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌຂບຄບ຺ຄກາຌ, ກາຌຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ຅
ຂບຄຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ ຾ຖະ ຌບກ຅າກຌີໄ ງັຄຆໃ ທງເຌຍຸກ຃ະຖາກບຌເຌບ຺ຄກາຌ ຌັໄຌແຈໄຘາຓາຈຎະຘາຌຄາຌກັຌ, ຆໃ ທງເຌກາຌ
ທິຽ຃າະຍັຌນາ ກາຌຘໄາຄ຾ຍຍ຅າຖບຄທັຈຊຸຎະຘ຺ຄ຋ີໃ ຓີ຃ທາຓຘັຍຆໄບຌ ຾ຖະ ກາຌຘໄາຄຏະຖິຈຉະຑັຌເນຓໃ
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information System =IS)
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ກຸໃ ຓຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຄາຌ຋ີໃ ຎະກບຍຈໄທງ Hardware, Software ຋ີໃ ຽປັຈນຌໄາ຋ີໃ ຖທຍຖທຓຎະ
ຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ຅ັຈຽກັຍ ຾ຖະ ຾຅ກ຅ໃ າງຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌໂເ຅ ຾ຖະ ກາຌ຃ທຓ຃ຸຓຑາງເຌ
ບ຺ຄກາຌ
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information System =IS)
຃: ຂະຍທຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ຓີດູໃ ເນໄດູໃ ເຌປູຍຂບຄຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ຽຎັຌຎະ຿ນງຈຘູຄຘຸຈ ຽຑໃ ບ
ຽຎັຌຂໄຘະນຖຸຍ຋ີໃ ເຆໄຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌ ກາຌຉັຈຘິຌໂເ຅ຂບຄຍຸກ຃ະຖາກບຌຖະຈັຍຍຖິນາຌ, ຂະຍທຌກາຌ຋ີໃ ຽປັຈເນໄ
ຽກີຈຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຌີໄ ຽບີໄຌທໃ າ: ກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information Processing) ຾ຖະ ຽບີໄຌທິ຋ີ
ກາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຈໄທງຽ຃ໃ ບຄຓບີຽຖັກ຿ຉຕຌິກກໃ ທາ:
Input
(Data)
Processing
Classify (຅ັຈຽຎັຌນຓທຈ)
Arrange (ກຼຓກາຌ)
Calculate (຃າຌທຌ)
Output
(Information)

20. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 20
ຍ຺ຍຍາຈຂບຄຌັກຍຖິນາຌໂ຾ຖະໂຏູໄຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ບ຺ຄຎະກບຍຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ເຆໄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຑໃ ບກາຌ຅ັຈກາຌ຋ີໃ ເຆໄ຃ບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Computer-Based Information
Systems: CBIS) ຓີບ຺ຄຎະກບຍ຋ີໃ ຘາ຃ັຌ 6 ດໃ າຄ ຃:
Hardware
Software
Database
Network
Procedure
People
X. ຍ຺ຍຍາຈຂບຄຌັກຍຖິນາຌ ຾ຖະ ຏູໄຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
 ກາຌກາຌ຺ຈຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ (What): ຿ຈງຑິ຅າຖະຌາ຅າກຖັກຘະຌະຄາຌ ນຖ ນຌໄາ຋ີໃ ຂບຄ
ນຌໃ ທງຄາຌ
 ຑິ຅າຖະຌາຽທຖາ (When): ຋ີໃ ຉໄບຄເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຌັໄຌ ຽຑໃ ບກາຌ຺ຈຽທຖາຖທຍຖທຓຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ຅າຘໄາຄ
ຍ຺ຈຖາງຄາຌ
 ປູ ໄ຅ັກໃ ທາ຅ະນາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຈັໃ ຄກໃ າທແຈໄດູໃ ເຘ (Where): ຅າກ຾ນຖໃ ຄຂໄຓູຌຑາງເຌ ນຖ ຑາງຌບກ
 ຽຂ຺ໄາເ຅ທໃ າຽຎັຌນງັຄ (Why): ຅ຶໃ ຄຉໄບຄຓີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຌັໄຌ ປູ ໄຽຊິຄຘາຽນຈ ເຌກາຌຽກັຍກາຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ
 ປູ ໄ຅ັກທໃ າຏູໄເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຃ເຏ (For whom): ຽຑໃ ບ຋ີໃ ຅ະຽປັຈ຋າ຾ຍຍກາຌຌາຘະຽນຌີເນໄຽນຓາະຘ຺ຓ
 ຅ະເຆໄຽ຃ໃ ບຄຓບັຌເຈ (How): ເຌກາຌຽກັຍກາຖທຍຖທຓ ຎະຓທຌທຏ຺ຌ ປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
 ຘາຓາຈຽຂ຺ໄາເ຅ ຃ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ຋ີໃ ນາຓາແຈໄ
 ຘາຓາຈຈາຽຌີຌກາຌ ນຖ ຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌ ແຈໄດໃ າຄຽນຓາະຘ຺ຓ
 ເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ດໃ າຄຊກຉໄບຄຉາຓກ຺ຈນຓາງ ຾ຖະ ດໃ າຄ຅ະຓີ຅າຖິງະ຋າ
XI. ຾ຌທ຋າຄກໃ ຼທກັຍຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ກາຌຘຶກຘາຽຖໃ ບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບກາຌ຅ັຈກາຌ຅າຽຎັຌຉໄບຄບາເຘ ຃ທາຓປູ ໄເຌທິຆາຘາຂາຉໃ າຄໂ ຈັໃ ຄຌັໄຌ
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຅ຶໃ ຄຓີຖັກຘະຌະຽຎັຌ ຘະນະທິ຋ະງາກາຌ (Mutidisciplinary) ຈັໃ ຄຌັໄຌ ຅ຶໃ ຄ຾ຍໃ ຄຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຘຶກ
ຘາຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ຾ຌທ຋າຄ ຃: (Laudon, 1999)
 ຾ຌທ຋າຄຈໄາຌຽ຋ັກຌິກ Technical Approach
 ຾ຌທ຋າຄຈໄາຌຑຶຈຉິກາ
 ຾ຌທ຋າຄກາຌຎະຘ຺ຓຎະຘາຌຖະນທໃ າຄຽ຋ັກ຿ຌ຿ຖຆີ ຾ຖະ ຘັຄ຃຺ຓ
຾ຌທ຋າຄຈໄາຌຽ຋ັກຌິກ Technical Approach
MIS