1. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 1
Computer ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
Contents
I. Computer ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ......................................................................................................................................8
II. ງຸກທິທັຈະຌາກາຌຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ.................................................................................................................8
1. ງຸກີນຌຶໃ ຄ (1951-1958)............................................................................................................................8
2. ງຸກີຘບຄ (1959-1964) ............................................................................................................................8
3. ງຸກີຘາຓ (1965-1971)............................................................................................................................8
4. ງຸກີຘີໃ (1972-1980).................................................................................................................................9
5. ງຸກີນໄາ (1980 ຽຎັຌຉ຺ໄຌແຎ).........................................................................................................................9
III. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ.....................................................................................................................................9
1. ຉາຓຖັກຘະຌະເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ຎະຽຑຈ.........................................................................................9
2. ຉາຓທັຈຊຸຎະຘ຺ຄກາຌເຆໄຄາຌຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 2 ຎະຽຑຈ.................................................................................9
3. ຍຍຉາຓຂະນຌາຈ ຖະ ຖາາຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 4 ຎະຽຑຈ............................................................................9
ຍ຺ຈີ 1 ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຉັກຌຖດີ Information Technology ................................................................15
I. ທາຓຘາັຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽັກຌຖດີ................................................................................................15
II. ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄຽັກໂຌຖຆີ, ຂໄຓູຌ, ຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ, ຂໃ າທຘາຌ, ທາຓປູ ໄຖະ ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ.........16
III. ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂັໄຌຑໄຌຊາຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ (Data).....................................................................................................16
IV. ທາຓຘາັຌຂບຄຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Database) ...................................................................................................16
V. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information)...................................................................................................................17
VI. ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄທາຓປູ ໄ(Knowledge)..................................................................................................17
VII. ກາຌຑ຺ທຑັຌຂບຄ Data, Processing, Information, Knowledge.....................................................17
VIII. ຖັກຘະຌະຂບຄຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information ີໃ ຈີ..........................................................................................17
1. ຈໄາຌຽທຖາ Time...........................................................................................................................................17
2. ຈໄາຌຽຌໄບເຌ...................................................................................................................................................17
3. ຈໄາຌປູຍຍຍ.................................................................................................................................................18
4. ຈໄາຌຂະຍທຌກາຌ..........................................................................................................................................18
IX. ກາຌຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ..............................................................................................................18
1. ກາຌຖທຍຖທຓ ຖະ ກທຈຘບຍຂໄຓູຌຎະກບຍຈໄທງ.................................................................................18
2. ກາຌຈາຽຌີຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌເນໄກາງຽຎັຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ..........................................................................18
3. ກາຌຈູຖປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຑໃ ບກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ.........................................................................................18
4. ຽັກຌຖຆີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information Technology......................................................................19
5. ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information System)....................................................................................19
2. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 2
Computer ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
X. ຍ຺ຍຍາຈຂບຄຌັກຍຖິນາຌ ຖະ ຏູໄຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ........................................................20
XI. ຌທາຄກໃ ຼທກັຍຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ........................................................................................................20
1. ຌທາຄຈໄາຌຽັກຌິກ..................................................................................................................................21
2. ຌທາຄຈໄາຌຑຶຈຉິກາ ..................................................................................................................................21
3. ຌທາຄຈໄາຌຎະຘ຺ຓຎະຘາຌຽຉັກຌິກ ຖະ ຘັຄ຺ຓ....................................................................................21
4. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ຈີ ຓີຎະນງຈເຌຈໄາຌຉໃ າຄໂ .............................................................................................21
4.1.ຎະຘິຈິຑາຍ (Efficiency) .................................................................................................................21
4.2.ຎະຘິຈິຏ຺ຌ (Effectiveness)............................................................................................................21
4.3.ຂໄແຈໄຎຼຍເຌກາຌຂໃ ຄຂັຌ (Competitive Advantage).................................................................22
4.4.ຸຌຌະຑາຍຆີທິຈກາຌາຄາຌ (Quality of Working Life)............................................................22
4.5.ທາຓຘາຑັຌຖະນທໃ າຄຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ກັຍບ຺ຄກບຌ ຖະ ກາຌັຈກາຌ....................................22
ຍ຺ຈີ 2 Information Technology .............................................................................................................23
I. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽັກຌຖດີ (Information Technology).....................................................................23
1. ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ (Process System) .................................................................................................23
2. ຖະຍ຺ຍຘໃ ຘາຌຖະ຺ຓ (Telecommunication System).................................................................23
3. ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Data Management).............................................................................................23
II. ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information Systems).....................................................................................23
III. ຽັກຌຖດີຖະ຺ຓຓະຌາ຺ຓ (Telecommunication Technology)...........................................24
IV. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽບຂໃ າງ (Networking Systems)...............................................................................................24
V. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽບຂໃ າງບຓຑີຓຽຉີ (ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ CNS).................................................................................................24
1. ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄຽບຂໃ າງບຓຑິທຽຉີ.......................................................................................................24
2. ຽຎ຺ໄານຓາງຂບຄຽບຂໃ າງບຓຑິທຽຉີ............................................................................................................24
3. ຎະນງຈຂບຄກາຌເຆໄຖະຍ຺ຍຽບຂໃ າງ........................................................................................................25
VI. ປູຍຍຍຽບຂໃ າງບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Networks Architecture)....................................................................25
VII. Computer Network Systems...............................................................................................................25
1. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽບຂໃ າງຘະຽຑາະຑໄຌີໃ (LAN) Local Area Network............................................................26
2. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽບຂໃ າງຖະນທໃ າຄຽຓບຄ (MAN) Metropolitan Area Network ........................................26
3. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽບຂໃ າງຖະນທໃ າຄຂທຄ/ຎະຽຈ (WAN) Wide Area Network........................................26
4. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽບຂໃ າງຍໃ ເຆໄຘາງ (WN) Wireless Network.........................................................................27
7.1. ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄ Wimax ..................................................................................................................27
7.2. ປູຍຍຍກາຌຽຆໃ ບຓຉໃ ຖະຍ຺ຍຽບຂໃ າງ..................................................................................................28
3. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 3
Computer ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
1. ຽບຂໃ າງຍຍຍັຈຎຖດີ (Bus Topology)...........................................................................................28
2. ຎຖດີ ຍຍທ຺ຄນທຌ (Ring Topology).......................................................................................28
3. ຽບຂໃ າງຍຍຈາທຎຖດີ (Star Topology)....................................................................................29
4. ຽບຂໃ າງຍຍຎະຘ຺ຓຎຖດີ Mesh Topology.................................................................................30
5. ຽບຂໃ າງຍຍຎະຘ຺ຓ Tree Topology....................................................................................................30
1.1 Hub/ Repeater..................................................................................................................................31
1.2 Bridge...................................................................................................................................................31
1.3 Switch or Bridge..............................................................................................................................31
1.4 Modem= Modulation Demonbulation...................................................................................32
1.5 ຖະຍ຺ຍແຓກຕຽທຍ Microwave.........................................................................................................33
ຍ຺ຈີ 3 ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ MIS...................................................................................................34
I. ທາຓນຓາງກາຌຍຖິນາຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (MIS).............................................................................34
II. ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຎຄຂບຄຽັກຌຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ..............................................................................................34
1. ຖກາຑິທັຈ.....................................................................................................................................................34
2. ກາຌຎັຍປູຍຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຽຘຈຊະກິຈ (ຍຍ Digital) ກາຌໄາຂາງຏໃ າຌາຄ Electronic......................34
III. ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄຂໄຓູຌີໃ ຈີ.................................................................................................................................35
IV. ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄ MIS .......................................................................................................................................36
1. ທາຓຘາຓາຈເຌກາຌັຈກາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Data Manipulation):...............................................................36
2. ທາຓຎບຈແຑຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ (Data Security).............................................................................................36
3. ທາຓດຈດຸໃ ຌ (Flexibility) ......................................................................................................................36
4. ທາຓຑເຂບຄຏູໄເຆໄ(User Satisfaction)...........................................................................................36
V. ຎະນງຈຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (MIS)...........................................................................37
VI. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (MIS)...............................................................................37
VII. ຍຸກະຖາກບຌີໃ ກໃ ຄທຂໄບຄກັຍຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (MIS).................................................38
1. ນ຺ທນຌໄານຌໃ ທງຄາຌຖະຈັຍຉ຺ໄຌ (First-Line Supervisor or Operation Manager) ..................38
2. ຏູໄັຈກາຌຖະຈັຍຉ຺ໄຌ (Middle Manager)..............................................................................................38
3. ຏູໄັຈກາຌຖະຈັຍຘູຄ (Executive or Top Manager)..........................................................................38
VIII. ຍຸກະຖາກບຌເຌນຌໃ ທງຄາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ...........................................................................................39
IX. າຖິງະາ-ັຌງາຍັຌເຌກາຌເຆໄຄາຌຽັກຌຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ................................................................39
X. ຏ຺ຌກະ຺ຍາຄ “ຍທກ-ຖ຺ຍ” ຂບຄກາຌຌາເຆໄຽັກຌຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (IT) ...........................................40
1. ຈໄາຌຍທກ.......................................................................................................................................................40
2. ຈໄາຌຖ຺ຍ..........................................................................................................................................................40
4. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 4
Computer ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
ຍ຺ຈີ 3 ຖະຍ຺ຍງໃ ບງຂບຄກາຌຍຖິນາຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ SMIS.....................................................................41
I. ຖະຍ຺ຍງໃ ບງຂບຄກາຌຍຖິນາຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (SMIS).....................................................................41
II. ທາຓນຓາງຘາັຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍນງໃ ບງກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (MIS-Subsystems)....................41
1. ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌາຄຸຖະກິຈ (Transaction Processing System= TPS).............................41
2. ຖະຍ຺ຍັຈຘໄາຄຖາງຄາຌຘາຖັຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌ (MRS= Management Report System) ..................42
1) ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄ MRS ຽຑໃ ບກາຌັຈກາຌ...............................................................................................42
2) ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄກາຌຖາງກາຌ......................................................................................................................42
3) ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌເຌ MRS................................................................................................43
3. ຖະຍ຺ຍຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ (DSS= Decision Supporting System).........................43
4. ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຘາຌັກຄາຌ (OIS=Office Information System) ...........................................43
1) ຖະຍ຺ຍັຈກາຌຽບກະຘາຌເຌຘາຌັກຄາຌ................................................................................................44
2) ຖະຍ຺ຍທຍຸຓ ຖະ ຘັໃ ຄຏໃ າຌຽບກະຘາຌ ..............................................................................................44
3) ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຆຸຓາຄແກ...............................................................................................................................45
4) ຖະຍ຺ຍຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌເຌຘາຌັກຄາຌ (OSS)..........................................................45
III. ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌາຄຸຖະກິຈ...................................................................................................................45
IV. ຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌາຄາຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌາຄຸຖະກິຈ............................................................................46
1. ກາຌຎໄບຌຂໄຓູຌ (Data Entry)..................................................................................................................46
2. ກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ນຖ ກາຌຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌກັຍຂໄຓູຌ (Transaction processing)................................46
3. ກາຌຎັຍຎຸຄຂໄຓູຌ/ ຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (File/ Database Updating)..............................................................46
4. ກາຌຏະຖິຈຖາງກາຌ (Document & Report Generation).............................................................46
5. ກາຌເນັຍຖິກາຌ ນຖ ກາຌຘບຍຊາຓ (Inquiring Processing)..........................................................47
ຍ຺ຈີ 4 ກາຌຑັຈະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ..........................................................................................................47
I. ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄກາຌຑັຈະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ................................................................................47
II. ທາຓຘາັຌຂບຄຏູໄເຆໄຉໃ ກາຌຑັຈະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ..............................................................................................47
III. ຂໄຍ຺ກຑໃ ບຄຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌເຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌຂບຄບ຺ຄກາຌ ..........................................................48
IV. ຎັຈແເຌກາຌຑັຈະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ .......................................................................................................................48
V. ຌັກທິຽາະຖະຍ຺ຍ ຖະ ຍ຺ຈຍາຈຂບຄຌັກທິຽາະ............................................................................................49
1. ຌັກທິຽາະຖະຍ຺ຍ (System Analyst).....................................................................................................49
2. SA ະຓີຍ຺ຈຍາຈ (Role) ຘາັຌ 3 ຎະກາຌ..............................................................................................49
2.1.ີໃ ຎຶກຘາ (Consultant) SA.................................................................................................................49
2.2.ຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ (Supporting Expert) ..................................................................................................49
5. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 5
Computer ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
2.3.ຉ຺ທຌກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຎຄ (Change Agent).........................................................................................49
3. ຌັກທິຽາະຖະຍ຺ຍກັຍຏູໄີໃ ກໃ ຼທຂໄບຄເຌກາຌຑັຈະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ.....................................................................50
VI. ນຌໄາີໃ ຂບຄຌັກທິຽາະຖະຍ຺ຍ (Function of System Analyst) ...........................................................50
VII. ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄິຓຄາຌຑັຈະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ System Development Team........................................51
VIII. ິຓຄາຌຑັຈະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍະຎະກບຍແຎຈໄທງຍຸກະຖາກບຌຉໃ າຄໂ ຈັໃ ຄຉໃແຎຌີໄ: .....................................51
IX. ທິີຑໄຌຊາຌເຌກາຌຑັຈະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ .............................................................................................................52
1. ທິີກາຌຘະຽຑາະຽາະ຺ຄ..............................................................................................................................53
2. ທິີກາຌຘໄາຄຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ .................................................................................................................................53
3. ທິີາກຖຸໃ ຓຂຶໄຌຽິຄ (Bottom-Up Approach)....................................................................................53
4. ທິີາກຽິຄຖ຺ຄຖຸໃ ຓ (Top-Down Approach)......................................................................................53
X. ທິີກາຌຑັຈະຌາຖະຍ຺ຍ................................................................................................................................54
1. ກາຌຘານຖທຈຽຍໄບຄຉ຺ໄຌ (Preliminary Investigation)....................................................................54
2. ກາຌທິຽາະທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌ (Requirement Analisis).......................................................................54
3. ກາຌບບກຍຍຖະຍ຺ຍ (System Design)...............................................................................................54
4. ກາຌັຈນາບຸຎະກບຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍ (System Acquisition)..................................................................54
5. ກາຌຉິຈຉັໄຄຖະຍ຺ຍ ຖະ ກາຌຍາຖຸຄປັກຘາ (System Implementation and Maintenance) .....54
ຍ຺ຈີ 5 ຖະຍ຺ຍຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ Database System=DBS.....................................................................................55
I. ກາຌຖທຍຖທຓ ຖະ ກາຌັຈຖະຍຼຍຂໄຓູຌຘະເນຓກໃ ບຌ ..........................................................................55
1.1ກາຌັຈຒັຓຂໄຓູຌຍຍຖຼຄຖາຈັຍ (Sequential File Organization)............................................55
1.2ກາຌັຈຒັຓຂໄຓູຌຍຍຘຸໃ ຓ (Random File Organization)............................................................55
II. ທາຓນຓາງຘາັຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Database)................................................................................................56
III. ຖະຍ຺ຍັຈຽກັຍຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (DBMS) ..............................................................................................................58
3.1DBMS ຎະກບຍຈໄທງຘໃ ທຌຎະກບຍນຖັກີໃ ຘາັຌດູໃ 3 ຘໃ ທຌຈັໃ ຄຌີໄ:.........................................................58
3.2ນຌໄາີໃ ຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍັຈກາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ..........................................................................................................59
3.3ກາຌຌາຖະຍ຺ຍັຈກາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌຓາເຆໄ......................................................................................................60
IV. ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (DBA).....................................................................................................................60
4.1ກາຌຍຖິກາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Database Administration) ......................................................................60
4.2ນຌໄາີໃ ຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍັຈກາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ..........................................................................................................60
V. ຄຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌ....................................................................................................................................................61
1. ຍຍາຖບຄກາຌັຈຂໄຓູຌຽຆີຄຖາຈັຍຂັໄຌ (Hierarchical Data Model)............................................61
VI. ຖະຍ຺ຍຊາຌຂໄຓູຌເຌບະຌາ຺ຈ........................................................................................................................61
6. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 6
Computer ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
ຍ຺ຈີ 6 ຖະຍ຺ຍຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ....................................................................................................62
I. ກາຌຍຖິນາຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ............................................................................................................................62
II. ບຸຎະກບຌຂບຄ DSS........................................................................................................................................64
III. ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄ DSS.......................................................................................................................................64
IV. ທາຓຉກຉໃ າຄຖະນທໃ າຄ DSS ກັຍຖັກຘະຌະຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌບໃ ຌໂ..............................................................64
V. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ DSS ............................................................................................................................................65
VI. ກາຌຑັຈະຌາ DSS.........................................................................................................................................66
VII. ຖະຍ຺ຍຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເຘາຖັຍກຸໃ ຓ .......................................................................................66
VIII. ຎະນງຈຂບຄ GDSS ...............................................................................................................................67
IX. ຘະນຖຸຍ............................................................................................................................................................67
ຍ຺ຈີ 7 ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຘາຖັຍຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ.......................................................................................................69
I. ຏູໄຍຖິນາຌຘາຖັຍກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ ......................................................................................................................69
II. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຘາຖັຍຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ ......................................................................................................................69
III. ນຖໃ ຄຂໄຓູຌຘາຖັຍຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ...........................................................................................................................70
IV. ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຘາຖັຍຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ...........................................................................................................70
V. ຸຌຌະຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂບຄ EIS...................................................................................................................................70
VI. ຂໄຈີ ຖະ ຂໄາກັຈຂບຄ EIS.............................................................................................................................71
VII. ຘະນຖຸຍ............................................................................................................................................................71
ຍ຺ຈີ 8 ຎັຌງາຎະຈິຈ ຖະ ຖະຍ຺ຍຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ .......................................................................................................72
I. ຎັຌງາຎະຈິຈ ....................................................................................................................................................72
II. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄຍັຌງາຎະຈິຈ................................................................................................................................73
1. ກາຌຎະຓທຌຑາຘາາຄາຓະຆາຈ Natural Language Processing...............................................73
2. ຖະຍ຺ຍຑາຍ Vision System .....................................................................................................................73
3. ຖະຍ຺ຍຽບຂໃ າງຽຘັໄຌຎະຘາຌ Neural Network.....................................................................................73
4. ນຸໃ ຌງ຺ຌ Robotics .......................................................................................................................................74
5. ຖະຍ຺ຍຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ Expert System .........................................................................................................74
III. ຖະຍ຺ຍຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ............................................................................................................................................74
IV. ຎະນງຈຂບຄ ES...........................................................................................................................................75
V. ຘໃ ທຌຎະກບຍຂບຄ ES.....................................................................................................................................76
VI. ທາຓປູ ໄ.............................................................................................................................................................78
VII. ກາຌຑັຈະຌາ ES............................................................................................................................................79
7. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 7
Computer ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
ຑາກີ II E-Business and E-commerce..................................................................................................80
I. ທາຓຉກຉໃ າຄຖະນທໃ າຄ EB/EC..................................................................................................................80
1. EB (E-Business).....................................................................................................................................80
2. EC (E-Commerce) .................................................................................................................................80
II. ຸຌຖັກຘະຌະຘາັຌຂບຄ E-Commerce ຖະ ກາຌຌາເຆໄE-Commerce............................................81
1. ກາຌຌາເຆໄE-Commerce.........................................................................................................................81
2. ຸຌຖັກຘະຌະຘາັຌຂບຄ E-Commerce..................................................................................................81
III. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ E-Commerce.........................................................................................................................81
IV. ຂໄຈີ ຖະ ຂໄຽຘງຂບຄ E-Commerce ...........................................................................................................82
1. ຂໄຈີຂບຄ E-Commerce.............................................................................................................................82
1.1 ຂໄຈີຉໃ ຈໄາຌບ຺ຄກບຌຸຖະກິຈ....................................................................................................................82
1.2 ຉໃ ຈໄາຌຏູໄຍຖິຑກ......................................................................................................................................82
1.3 ຉໃ ຘັຄ຺ຓ....................................................................................................................................................82
2. ຂໄຽຘງຂບຄ E-Commmerce.....................................................................................................................82
8. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 8
Computer ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຑໃໃ
ບກາຌັຈກາຌ
Management Information System (MIS)
ຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຓໃ ຌ ທິຆາີໃ ຌາຽບ຺າຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌແຎຌາເຆໄຽຂ຺ໄາເຌທຼກຄາຌຉໃ າຄໂ
ບຸຎະກບຌີໃ ຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌເນໄ(MIS)
1. ທາຓປູ ໄຑໄຌຊາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍຽໃ ບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຖະ ຽັກຌຖຆີີໃ ກໃ ຼທຂໄບຄ
2. ທາຓປູ ໄຑໄຌຊາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍ (Computer-Hardware)
- Pc, Hardware Architecture and Functions
- Checking & Maintenance Hardware
- Hardware - Upgrade, Back - Up and Networking
- Pc, Hardware Architect : ທິຘະນະກາ Hardware
1. History Computer
2. Computer and PC-Hardware
3. Computer-Hardware - Architecture
4. Functions of all accessories
I. Computer ຓໃ ຌນງັຄ?
ບຸຎະກບຌບີຽຖັກຉຕຌິກີໃ າຄາຌຉາຓາຘັໃ ຄ (ຎຕກຕຓ) ເນໄປັຍຂໄຓູຌ (Input) ຌາແຎຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ
(Process) ຽຑໃ ບເນໄແຈໄຏ຺ຌປັຍ (Output) ຉາຓີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ ຖະ ຘາຓາຈັຈຽກັຍຂໄຓູຌ (Store/Storage) ຽຑໃ ບເຆໄ
ເຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ຖະ ຌາເຆໄຄາຌເຌັໄຄຉໃ ໂແຎແຈໄ.
II. ງຸກທິທັຈະຌາກາຌຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ຽໃ ບຄຓຆະຌິຈຉ຺ໄຌີໃ ຊແຈໄທໃ າຽຎັຌຉ຺ໄຌກາຽຌີຈຂບຄ (Computer) : ຖູກິຈີໃແຈໄຘໄາຄຂຶໄຌຈງ຺ຌີຌເຌຘະ
ແນຓຍູປາຌ.
ງຸກີນຌຶໃ ຄ (1951-1958)
ງຸກີຘບຄ (1959-1964)
ງຸກີຘາຓ (1965-1971)
ງຸກີຘີໃ (1972-1980)
ງຸກີນໄາ (ຉັໄຄຉໃ ຎີ 1980 ຽຎັຌຉ຺ໄຌແຎ)
1. ງຸກີນຌຶໃ ຄ (1951-1958)
- ຽຎັຌບຓຑິທຽຉິຂະນຌາຈເນງໃ ເຆແຒຒໄາປຄຘູຄ
- ເຆໄທ຺ຄບຌບີຽຖັກຉຕຌິກ ຖະ ນຖບຈ
- ເຆໄຍັຈຽາະປູຽຎັຌຘໃ ຂໄຓູຌ
- ເຆໄຑາຘາຽໃ ບຄັກເຌກາຌາຄາຌ
2. ງຸກີຘບຄ (1959-1964)
- ຽຎັຌບຓຑິທຽຉີີໃ ເຆໄະຕັຌຆິຈຘະຽຉີຌນຖບຈຶໃ ຄຽປັຈເນໄຓີຂະນຌາຈຌໄບງຖ຺ຄ ຖະ ຖາາຊກຖ຺ຄຓີ
ທ຺ຄນທຌຓໃ ຽນຖັກ ຖະ ນຌໃ ທງທາຓາຑາງເຌ
- ເຆໄຍັຈຽາະປູຌຓໃ ຽນຖັກຽຎັຌຘໃ ຂໄຓູຌ
- ເຆໄຑາຘາຘັຌງາຖັກເຌກາຌາຄາຌ
3. ງຸກີຘາຓ (1965-1971)
- ຽຎັຌບຓຑິທຽຉີີໃ ເຆໄແບຆີ (Integrated Circuit) ຘາຓາຈາຄາຌຌກັຍະຕັຌຆິຈຘະຽຉີນຖາງ
ປໄບງຉ ຶໃ ຄຽປັຈເນໄຓີຂະນຌາຈຌໄບງຖ຺ຄ
- ເຆໄຍັຈຽາະປູຌຓໃ ຽນຖັກາກຓໃ ຽນຖັກຽຎັຌຘໃ
9. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 9
ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- ເຆໄຑາຘາ (PL/1) ຖະ ຑາຘາຍບຌ (CoBol)
4. ງຸກີຘີໃ (1972-1980)
- ຽຎັຌບຓຑິທຽຉີີໃ ເຆໄຂະນຌາຈເນງໃ ີໃ ຽບີໄຌທໃ າ LSI (Large Scale Integrated)
- ເຆໄຌຓໃ ຽນຖັກ ຖະ າຌຓໃ ຽນຖັກຉໃ ຘໃ ທຌຍັຈຽາະປູຓໃ ຌເຆໄຌໄບງຖ຺ຄ
- ຽຖີໄຓຓີຑາຘາເນຓໃ ໂຂຶໄຌຓາ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: Basic, Pascal
5. ງຸກີນໄາ (1980 ຽຎັຌຉ຺ໄຌແຎ)
- ບຓຑິທຽຉີເຌງຸກຌີໄຆໃ ທງກາຌັຈກາຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌໂເ
- ບຓຑິທຽຉີເຌງຸກຌີໄຽບີໄຌທໃ າ: ຎັຌງາຎະຈິຈປູ ໄ(Cartifcial Intelligence AI)
- ຓີກາຌເຆໄບຓຑິທຽຉີາຄາຌາຄຈໄາຌກຕາຍຒິກນຖາງຂຶໄຌ
- ບຓຑິທຽຉິເຌງຸກຌີໄຓີຂະນຌາຈຌໄບງຖ຺ຄ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: Notebook, Netbook
III. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ຽໃ ບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີຘາຓາຈຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌນຖາງຎະຽຑຈ ຈງບີຄຉາຓນຖັກກາຌຈັໃ ຄຌີໄ:
1. ຉາຓຖັກຘະຌະເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ຎະຽຑຈ
2. ຉາຓທັຈຊຸຎະຘ຺ຄກາຌເຆໄຄາຌຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 2 ຎະຽຑຈ
3. ຍໃ ຄຉາຓຂະນຌາຈ ຖະ ຖາາຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 4 ຎະຽຑຈ
1. ຉາຓຖັກຘະຌະເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ຎະຽຑຈ
Analog Computer: ຽຎັຌບຓຑິທຽຉີີໃ ເຆໄນຖັກກາຌຍັຈປັຍຂໄຓູຌເຌຖັກຘະຌະຉໃ ຽຌໃ ບຄ ຖະ າກ
ນຖໃ ຄຈາຽຌີຌຂໄຓູຌຈງກ຺ຄຖໄທາກາຌຘະຈຄຏ຺ຌາຄນຌໄາຍັຈ
Digital Computer: ຽຎັຌບຓຑິທຽຉີີໃ າຄາຌຈງເຆໄນຖັກກາຌຍັຈປັຍຂໄຓູຌເຌຖັກຘະຌະຽຎັຌຉ຺ທ
ຽຖກີໃ ເນໄຏ຺ຌຖັຍີໃ ຓໃ ຌດາກໃ ທາບາຌາຖບກບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ບຓຑິທຽຉີີໃ ເຆໄເຌຎັຈຸຍັຌຘໃ ທຌນຖທຄນຖາງຽຎັຌຈີ
ີຉບຌບຓຑິທຽຉີ
Hybrid Computer: ຽຎັຌບຓຑິທຽຉີີໃ ຌາຽບ຺າຂໄຈີຂບຄບາຌາຖບກບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຖະ ຈິີຉບຌບຓ
ຑິທຽຉີຓາປໃ ທຓກັຌໂຽຑໃ ບເນໄາຄາຌແຈໄັຄຘບຄຈໄາຌ
2. ຉາຓທັຈຊຸຎະຘ຺ຄກາຌເຆໄຄາຌຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 2 ຎະຽຑຈ
General Computer: ເຆໄກັຍຄາຌແຈໄນຖາກນຖາງຎະຽຑຈ ຖະ ຘາຓາຈາຄາຌກັຍຑາຘາບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ແຈໄນຖາງຑາຘາ
Special Computer: ເຆໄແຈໄກັຍຄາຌຘະຽຑາະດໃ າຄຎະຽຑຈເຈຎະຽຑຈນຌຶໃ ຄຽ຺ໃ າຌັໄຌ
3. ຍຍຉາຓຂະນຌາຈ ຖະ ຖາາຍໃ ຄບບກຽຎັຌ 4 ຎະຽຑຈ
Super Computer: ຽຎັຌບຓຑິທຽຉີີໃ ຓີຂະນຌາຈເນງໃ ີໃ ຘຸຈ ຖະ ຖາາຑຄີໃ ຘຸຈ ຘາຓາຈາຄາຌແຈໄ
ດໃ າຄທໃ ບຄແທ ຽຌໃ ບຄາກຓີກາຌເຆໄນົັກກາຌີໃ ຽບີໄຌທໃ າ (Multiprocessing) ບຓຑິທຽຉີຎະຽຑຈຌີໄ ຌິງ຺ຓເຆໄເຌຄາຌຈໄາຌ
Graphics ນຖ ກາຌາຌທຌາຄທິະງາຘາຈ ຖະ ບຸຈຘານະກາ.
Mainframe: ຽຎັຌບຓຑິທຽຉີຂະນຌາຈເນງໃ ປບຄຖ຺ຄຓາ ຖະ ຌິງ຺ຓເຆໄເຌບ຺ຄກາຌຂະນຌາຈໂເນງໃ ຺ໃ ທໂແຎ
ີໃ ຓີຎະຘິຈິຑາຍກາຌາຄາຌປບຄາກ Super Computer ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ເຆໄເຌກາຌຽກັຍຂໄຓູຌຂບຄຘິຌໄາ, ຖູກໄາ, ຑະ ຌັກ
ຄາຌ ຖະ ຌັກຘຶກຘາັຄຘະຊາຍັຌ ນຖ ກະຆທຄັຄນຓ຺ຈ ຘະຊາຍັຌ຺ໃ ທຎະຽຈ, ຌບກຌັໄຌບຓຑິທຽຉີຆະຌິຈຌີໄງັຄຘາ
ຓາຈຽຆໃ ບຓງຄກັຍ Terminal ເຌແຖງະາຄຉໃ າຄໂຽຆໃ ບຓງຄທຍຸຓກາຌເຆໄຄາຌຽໃ ບຄ ATM ຂບຄຖູກໄາຉາຓຘະ
ຊາຌີໃ ຉໃ າຄໂ
Mini Computer: ະເຆໄນຖັກກາຌາຄາຌຽຆັໃ ຌຈຼທກັຍ Mainframe ຉໃ ຘິໃ ຄີໃ ຉກຉໃ າຄກັຌຖະນທໃ າຄ
ຽໃ ບຄ Mainframe ຖະ Mini Computer ະເຆໄເຌຸຖະກິຈຂະນຌາຈກາຄ ນຖ ບ຺ຄກາຌຖະຈັຍຑະຌກກາຌຉໃ າຄ
ໂ ຌັກຸຖະກິຈ຺ໃ ທແຎຌິງ຺ຓເຆໄຘະຽຑາະຄາຌີໃ ຘາຓາຈຽຆໃ ບຓງຄກັຍ Terminal ແຈໄນຖາງໂຽໃ ບຄ.
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Micro Computer: ຽຎັຌຽໃ ບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີຂະນຌາຈຌໄບງ ຖະ ຓີຖາາຊກິໃ ຄແຈໄປັຍທາຓຌິງ຺ຓດໃ າຄ
ນຖທຄນຖາງີໃ ຌິງ຺ຓກັຌຽບີໄຌທໃ າ: ບຓຑິທຽຉີຘໃ ທຌຍຸກ຺ຌ (Personal Computer) ນຖ PC ຽຑາະຓັກະຽບ຺າບຓ
ຑິທຽຉີຆະຌິຈຌີໄແຎເຆໄກັຍຄາຌີໃ ກໃ ຼທຂໄບຄກັຍຉ຺ຌຽບຄ ທຼກຄາຌຉໃ າຄໂເຌນໄບຄກາຌ ນຖ ຘາຌັກຄາຌຈງຘະຽຑາະ.
- Desktop Computer
- Notebook Computer
- Tablet PC: ເຆໄເຌກບຄຎະຆຸຓ
- Palm Computer
ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Types of Computer)
- Desktop – PC, IMac
- Personal Digital Assistant
- Workstation
- Notebook – Laptop
- All – in – one
- Internet Appliance
- Output Unit: ຓໃ ຌບຸຎະກບຌີໃ ຘ຺ໃ ຄຂໄຓູຌບບກ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: Printer, Monitor ….
- Storage Device Unit: ບຸຎະກບຌຍັຌຶຌຂໄຓູຌ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: HDD, USB, CD/DVD….
ບ຺ຄຎະກບຍບຓຑິທຽຉີ Hardware
Output Unit / Printer
ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ Printer
- ເຆໄຖະຍ຺ຍນ຺ທຽຂັຓ (Dot – Matrix) ເຆໄເຌຍຖິຘັຈ ແຒຒໄາຌໄາຎະຎາ
- ເຆໄນ຺ທຘີຈ (Inkjet)
- ເຆໄຍຍຘຄ (laser)
- ຎິຌຽຉີຂະນຌາຈເນງໃ (Large Printer)
- ເຆໄຎິໃ ຌຎໄາງຘະຌາ (Plotter Printer)
ຎະຽຑຈຽໃ ບຄຍັຌຶກຂໄຓູຌ
1. ຆະຌິຈຍັຌຶກຂໄຓູຌຈໄທງຂະຍທຌກາຌາຄຓໃ ຽນຖັກແຒຒໄາ :
- Floppy Disk Drive
- Hard Disk Drive
- Backup Drive (Zip, Ext, HDD)
2. ຆະຌິຈຍັຌຶກຂໄຓູຌຈໄທງຂະຍທຌກາຌາຄຘຄຽຖຽຆີ :
- CD-R, CD – RW, DVD
ບຸຎະກບຌບີຽຖັກຉຕຌິກະຓີນຌໄາີໃ ເຌກາຌາຄາຌຑຼຄ 2 ດໃ າຄ :
- ຓີກະຘແຒຒໄາ ນຖ ຍໃ ຓີກະຘແຒຒໄາ
- ດູໃ ເຌຑາທະຽຎີຈ ນຖ ຎິຈຽໃ ບຄ
- 0 ນຖ 1 ຽຆິໃ ຄຽບີໄຌທໃ າ ຖະຍ຺ຍຉ຺ທຽຖກຊາຌຘບຄ
ນຌໃ ທງຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ CPUນຌໃ ທງປັຍຂໄຓູຌ (Input Unit) ນຌໃ ທງຘະຈຄຏ຺ຌ Output Unit
ນຌໃ ທງທາຓາຆ຺ໃ ທາທ/ຊາທບຌ
Storage Device Unit
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ນຌໃ ທງີໃ ຌໄບງີໃ ຘຸຈຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ : ກາຌາຄາຌາຄແຒຒໄາ 1 ຖະຈັຍ ນຖ ຌໃ າຉ຺ທຽຖກຊາຌຘບຄ 1
ຉ຺ທ ຽຆິໃ ຄຽບີໄຌທໃ າ: ຍິຈ (Bit)
ນຌໃ ທງທັຈຌັຍາຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- 8 bits (ຍິຈ) = 1 Byte (ແຍ)
ຽຌໃ ບຄາກໃ ທາຖະຍ຺ຍຉ຺ທຽຖກາຄບຓຑິທຽຉີະຽຎັຌຖະຍ຺ຍຽຖກຊາຌຘບຄ (0 ນຖ 1) ຽ຺ໃ າຌັໄຌ. ຈັໃ ຄຌັໄຌໃ າຉໃ ແຎ
ຌີໄຶໃ ຄຽຎັຌໃ າຈງຎະຓາຌ :
- 1 KB (Kilobyte ກິຖແຍ) = 1,024 Bytes
- 1 MB (Megabyte ຽຓກາແຍ) = 1,048 KB
- 1 GB (Gigabyte ກິກາແຍ) = 1,073 MB
- 1 TB (Terabyte າຕາແຍ) = 1,099 GB
ບ຺ຄຎະກບຍຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຖະ ຖະຍ຺ຍບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Software: ຆຸກາຘັໃ ຄ ຖະ ຎຕກຕຓຉໃ າຄໂຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Hardware: ບຸຎະກບຌຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Procedure: ຽບກະຘາຌ ນຖ ູໃ ຓຌາເຆໄ
- People Ware: ຏູໄຌາເຆໄບຓຑິທຽຉີີໃ ຆໃ ຼທຆາຌຄາຌ
- Data/Information: ຆັຍຑະງາກບຌຂໄຓູຌ
1. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ Hardware : ບຸຎະກບຌຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): ນຌໃ ທງຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌກາຄ
- Input Unit : ບຸຎະກບຌຌາຂໄຓູຌຽຂ຺ໄາ
- Main Memory Unit : RAM, ນຌໃ ທງທາຓາຘາປບຄ
- Storage Device / Hardware
5400 rpm, 7200 rpm : ທາຓແທເຌກາຌຎິໃ ຌບໄບຓປບຍ /1 ຌາີ
- CD - ROM: (Compact Disk)
- Hardware Alternative
Dot - Your Self
2. ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄ Software
- System - Software : ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌ
- AP - Software : ຎຕກຕຓຌາເຆໄ
- Utilities-Software : ຎຕກຕຓຆໃ ທງ
System – Software
- Operating System (OS)
- Disk Operation System (DOS): ຽຎັຌຖະຍ຺ຍີໃ ເຆໄຏຌ Diskette
- Windows : ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌຂບຄ Microsoft
- OS2 : ຖະຍ຺ຈຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌຂບຄ Interactional Business Machine (IBM)
- Linux : ຖະຍ຺ຍຎະຉິຍັຈກາຌ
- Macos : ເຆໄຘາຖັຍ Macos
- Unix : ເຆໄຘະຽຑາະຽຆີຽທີ (Server)
ຑາຘາເຆໄຘາຖັຍຂຼຌຎຕກຕຓ (Computer Language)
- Basic
- Cobol
- C/c++ : ຑາຘາຘາຖັຍ Microsoft ທາຓຖະບຼຈຘູຄ
12. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 12
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- Pascal
- Java : ຑາຘາຖັຍຖະຘັຍ, ກໄບຄຈີິຉບຌ
- Database : ຑາຘາຘາຖັຍຂຼຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ
- Assembly : ຑາຘາີໃ ເຆໄເຌກາຌຎ
Application Software
- GAP: Microsoft Office 2003/2007/2010, Open Office 3.0/3.2, Star Office 8.0/9.0,
Word Perfect 12.0……
- SAP: Auto CAD, Photoshop, GIS, Accounting…..
Utilities: Lao script, Power DVD, Anti-Virus…..
3. People Ware
ຍຸກະຖາກບຌ ຽຎັຌບ຺ຄຎະກບຍີໃ ຘາັຌນຖາງຑິຽຘຈ ຽຑາະຉໄບຄຓີທາຓປູ ໄຽຂ຺ໄາເເຌກາຌເຆໄຄາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍ
ຖະຍ຺ຍບຓຑິທຽຉີຽຎັຌດໃ າຄຈີຖໄທ ຶໃ ຄະຽປັຈເນໄກາຌເຆໄຄາຌຓີຎະຘິຈິຑາຍຘູຄແຈໄ.
ຈງຘາຓາຈຍໃ ຄກຸໃ ຓຍຸກະຖາກບຌບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ກຸໃ ຓຈໄທງກັຌ
- ກຸໃ ຓຏູໄເຆໄ຺ໃ ທແຎ
- ກຸໃ ຓຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ
- ກຸໃ ຓຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ
ກຸໃ ຓຏູໄເຆໄ຺ໃ ທແຎ
ຏູໄເຆໄຄາຌບຓຑິທຽຉີ (User End User)
ຊທໃ າຽຎັຌຏູໄເຆໄຄາຌຖະຈັຍຉໃ າຘຸຈ ຍໃ າຽຎັຌຉໄບຄຓີທາຓຆາຌາຌນຖາງເຌກາຌເຆໄຄາຌກໃ ແຈໄ ຈງຘຶກ
ຘາາກູໃ ຓກາຌຌາເຆໄແຎຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌຉ຺ທິຄ ນຖ ປັຍບ຺ຍປ຺ຓຽຑີໄຓຽຉີຓ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄຘາຓາຈຌາເຆໄຽຂ຺ໄາເຌທຼກຄາຌແຈໄຈີຂຶໄຌ.
ກຸໃ ຓຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ
ຏູໄຍຖິນາຌຘູຄຘຸຈຈໄາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຖະ ບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Chief Information Officer: CIO)
ນ຺ທນຌໄາຈໄາຌບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Computer Center Manager/Information Manager)
ຏູໄຆໃ ຼທຆາຌ
ຆໃ າຄຽັກຌິກບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Computer Operator/ Computer Technician
ຌັກທະຽາະຖະຍ຺ຍ (System Analysis)
ຌັກຂຼຌຎຕກຕຓ (Programmer)
ຌັກທິຘາທະກາຆບຍທຕ໌ (Software Engineer) ເຆໄເຌຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌໃ າງແຒຒໄາ, ຌໄາຎະຎາ, ບບກ
ຍຍບາ າຌຘະຊາຌີໃ ຉໃ າຄໂ
ຏູໄຈູຖ - ທຍຸຓຽບຂໃ າງ (Network Administrator) ຽບຂໃ າງບິຌຽຉີຽຌັຈ ຽຆິໃ ຄຌາໂເຆໄດູໃ ເຌປຄປຓ
Data/Information
Data : ຂໄຓູຌ ຓໃ ຌຽຖໃ ບຄີໃ ຽກີຈຂຶໄຌິຄເຌຎະຸຍັຌ
ຂໄຓູຌນຓາງຽຊິຄ ຂໄຓູຌີໃແຈໄາກກາຌຘານຖທຈິຄ ຽຆິໃ ຄຉ຺ທີໃ ໄິຄ ນຖ ຽນຈກາຌີໃ ກໃ ຼທຂໄບຄກັຍ
ຘິໃ ຄຉໃ າຄໂ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຆໃ ຖາງກາຌຉໃ າຄໂຂບຄຍຸກ຺ຌ ຘິໃ ຄຂບຄຘະຊາຌີໃ ຉໃ າຄໂ
Information: ຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຓໃ ຌຽຖໃ ບຄີໃ ຽກີຈຂຶໄຌຓຌບະຌາ຺ຈ
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ຘິໃ ຄີໃແຈໄຓາາກກາຌຌາຂໄຓູຌແຎຏໃ າຌຂະຍທຌກາຌນຌຶໃ ຄິໃ ຄຽບີໄຌທໃ າ: ຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ1 : ຂະຍທຌກາຌາຄາຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຖະ ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽັກຌຖຆີ
Data to Input Devices be Processed
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Scanners
- Microphone
13. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 13
ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ
- Digital Camera
ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄີ 2: ຂະຍທຌກາຌາຄາຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຖະ ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽັກຌຖຆີ
Computer are Data Processing Devices
- Input data
- Process data
- Output information
- Store data and information
ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ 3: ກາຌຆໄຘິຌໄາຉໃ າຄໂເຌປໄາຌໄາ Supermarket
- ຂໄຓູຌ (Data) ຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຈໄທງບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information) ເຌປູຍຍຍຂບຄຖາງຄາຌ
ຘະນຖຸຍ ຖະ ກຕາຍຒິກຘາຖັຍຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ.
- ກາຌກາຌ຺ຈຖາາ 1,999 ຓໃ ຌກາຌກາຌ຺ຈ ຽຑໃ ບຈຶຄຈູຈິຈເຂບຄຏູໄຍຖິຑກ (າຄຈໄາຌິຈຉະທິະງາ)
ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ຓີຎະນງຈຌັໄຌະຓີຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຈັໃ ຄຌີໄ
ຓີທາຓຘາຑັຌກັຌ (Relevant)
ຘາຓາຈຌາຓາເຆໄແຈໄດໃ າຄຽນຓາະກັຍຘະຊາຌະກາຌເຌຎະຸຍັຌ
ຎະຽຑຈ ຖະ ຖະຈັຍຂບຄຖູກໄາີໃ ຓີທາຓຘາັຌ, ຎະຽຑຈຓີຖູກໄາຎະາ ຖະ
ຖູກໄາຍໃ ຎະາ ຖະຈັຍຓີຖູກໄາຖາງເນງໃ ຖະ ຖູກໄາງໃ ບງ, ຌາເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຓາເຆໄເຌ
ຽທຖາກາຌທາຄຏຌກາຌຉະ ນຖາຈ ຓໃ ຌກາຌຘໄາຄປຄຈຶຄຈູຈເນໄຖູກໄາຘ຺ຌເຆໄ
ຘິຌໄາ ຖະ ຍຖິກາຌ ກາຌຂາງຓໃ ຌກາຌຂາງຘິຌໄາເນໄແຈໄຉາຓຽຎ຺ໄານຓາງ
ຓີທາຓັຌຘະເນຓ (Timely) ຉໄບຄຓີທາຓັຌຘະເນຓ ຖະ ຑໄບຓີໃ ະເຆໄຄາຌແຈໄຽຓໃ ບຉໄບຄກາຌ
ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ: ຓີຖູກໄາຎະາ ຖະ ຖູກໄາຖາງເນງໃ ຽປ຺າຉໄບຄຑະງາງາຓປັກຘາແທໄເນໄ
ຈີ ຂໄຓູຌຉໄບຄຓີກາຌບັຍຽຈຈຽຖໄບງໂ
ຓີທາຓຊກຉໄບຄຓໃ ຌດາ (Accurate)
ຽຓໃ ບຎໄບຌຂໄຓູຌຽຂ຺ໄາຘູໃ ບຓຑິທຽຉີຖໄທຏ຺ຌປັຍີໃ ແຈໄະຉໄບຄຊກຉໄບຄ
ເຌຸກໂຘໃ ທຌ າຄຑາກຎະຉິຍັຈ ຖະ ຑາກິຈແຖໃ ຉໄບຄຉ຺ຄກັຌ
ຓີທາຓຆັຈຽຌປັຈກຸຓ (Concise) ຂໄຓູຌຉໄບຄຊກນງໄເນໄຓີທາຓຆັຈຽຌ ຖະ ທາຓງາທີໃ ຑຈີ
ຽນຓາະ
ຽຍີຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌີໃ ຘາັຌເຌກາຌປັຈກຸຓ, ຆໃ , ຎະຽຑຈ ຖະ ຖະຈັຍ
ຓີທາຓຘ຺ຓຈູຌເຌຉ຺ຌຽບຄ (Complete) ຉໄບຄຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌີໃ ຘາັຌແທໄດໃ າຄ຺ຍຊໄທຌ
ຆໃ , ຖະນັຈ, ີໃ ດູໃ . ຽຍີ, ຎະຽຑຈ, ຖະຈັຍ, ປູຍຑາຍ
ຂະຍທຌກາຌາຄາຌ (Procedure)
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ຂັໄຌຉບຌີໃ ຏູໄເຆໄະຉໄບຄຎະຉິຍັຈຉາຓ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄແຈໄຄາຌຘະຽຑາະຍາຄດໃ າຄາກບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ຏູໄເຆໄບຓຑິທຽຉີຸກ຺ຌະຉໄບຄປູ ໄຂະຍທຌກາຌາຄາຌຑໄຌຊາຌຂບຄຽໃ ບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ ຽຑໃ ບີໃ ະຘາຓາຈ
ເຆໄຄາຌແຈໄດໃ າຄຊກຉໄບຄຈີ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ກາຌເຆໄຽໃ ບຄຐາກ-ຊບຌຽຄ ິຌບັຈຉະຌຓັຈ (ATM) ຊໄາຉໄບຄກາຌຊບຌຽຄ ິຌະຉໄບຄ
ຏໃ າຌຂະຍທຌກາຌຉໃ າຄໂ ຽຆັໃ ຌ:
ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ ກາຌກ຺ຈຉູໄATM ຉາຓຂັໄຌຉບຌຈັໃ ຄຌີໄ:
1. ຘະຈຄຑາຍຂໄຓູຌກຼຓຑໄບຓີໃ ະາຄາຌ
2. ຘບຈຍັຈ Credit ຽຂ຺ໄາ ຖະ ຑິຓຖະນັຈຍັຈຏູໄແຂຽຂ຺ໄາ
3. ຉໄບຄຽຖບກຖາງກາຌີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ
4. ຉໄບຄຑິຓາຌທຌຽຄ ິຌເຘໃ ຉາຓີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ
5. າກຌັໄຌກໃ ຉໄບຄຖຊໄາປັຍຽຄ ິຌາກຉູໄ
6. ປັຍເຍຍັຌຶກຖາງກາຌ ຖະ ປັຍຽບ຺າຍັຈ Credit ຌ
14. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 14
ຎະຽຑຈຂບຄບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ທາຓປູ ໄຑໄຌຊາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Computer-Hardware)
- Checking & Maintenance of Hardware
1. Checking of Computer: ກາຌຽຆັກບຓຑິທຽຉີ
2. Maintenance of Computer-Hardware: ກາຌຈູຖປັກຘາບຓຑິທຽຉີ Hardware
- Hardware-Upgrade, Back Up
1. Upgrade of computer: ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຊໃ າງບຸຎະກບຌ
2. Back Up of Computer: ຍັຌຶກຂໄຓູຌີໃ ຓີດູໃ ເຌບຓຑິທຽຉີແທໄ
CD/DVD Drive
Hard Drive
Floppy Disk Drive
Zip Drive
Jazz Drive
Tape Drive
Micro Drive
ຘາຖະຍາຌ/Contents
I. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌາຄຽັກຌຖງີ IT
II. ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
III. ຖະຍ຺ຍງໃ ບງຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບກາຌຍຖິນາຌ
IV. ກາຌຑັຈະຌະຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຑາກຘະຽນຌີ
ຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຍຖິນາຌງຸກເນຓໃ
ຏູໄເຈຓີຂໄຓູຌີໃ ຈີ ຏູໄຌັໄຌຓີບາຌາຈ
ຏູໄຍຖິນາຌງຸກເນຓໃ ຎະກບຍຓີ Man, Money, Material, Mission & Plan
ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຍຍຽກ຺ໃ າ: ຘູຄ, ກາຄ, ຉ຺ໄຌ (ຍຍຖທຓບາຌາຈ) ຏິຈຑາຈຘູຄກໃ ທາ
ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຍຍເນຓໃ : ຉ຺ໄຌ, ກາຄ, ຘູຄ (ຉີໃ ຽຂ຺າຘະຽນຌີເນໄຍໃ ຽບ຺າ, ຓີຸຌຌະຑາຍກໃ ທາ)
ຖັຈຍຖິນາຌ ຶໃ ຄຍໃ ເຆໄກາຌຍຖິນາຌຍຍເນຓໃ ງໄບຌ: ຍາຄຂທຄນ຺ທນຌໄາຑະຌກ຺ຍຉໃ ຆັຌຉ຺ໄຌຆັໄຌຘູຄ, ຍໃ ັຌຓີ
ທາຓປູ ໄທາຓຘາຓາຈີໃ ຌໃ ຌບຌເຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ
ຍັຌນາດໄາຌຽຘງຏ຺ຌຎະນງຈຂບຄຉ຺ຌຽບຄ
15. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 15
ຍ຺ຈີໂ1 ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຉັກຌຖດີໂInformation Technology
ຍ຺ຈີ 1 ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຉັກຌຖດີ Information Technology
I. ທາຓຘາັຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽັກຌຖດີ
1. ຎະຸຍັຌ IT ແຈໄຓີທາຓຘາັຌຽຑີໄຓຂຶໄຌດໃ າຄນຖທຄນຖາງ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ເຌຆີທິຈຎະາທັຌ (ຖະຘັຍເຌກາຌ
ນາກັຌ, ຖະັຈເຌກາຌຽຍິໃ ຄຂໃ າທກໃ ຼທກັຍຍໄາຌ, ຽຓບຄ) ຆີທິຈກາຌາຄາຌ (ຉໄບຄແຈໄເຆໄບຓຑິທຽຉີ, Website,
ຖະຘັຍ) ຖະ ກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌຂບຄບ຺ຄກາຌຉໃ າຄໂ ຖະ ຺ຌຘາຓາຈຎຼຍແຈໄທໃ າ: ‘ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ’ ແຈໄຽນຓບຌກັຍຘາງ
ຽຖບຈີໃ ນຖໃ ຖໄຼຄກາຌາຄາຌຌຸກຈໄາຌຂບຄບ຺ຄກາຌ (ທໃ າຽຖໃ ບຄຸຖະກິຈ ຓໃ ຌູໃ ຂໃ ຄຂັຌຍຍເຈຆິບບກຓາເນຓໃ )
ຖະ ຏ຺ຌກະ຺ຍຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຓີດໃ າຄກທໄາຄຂທາຄ ັຄເຌຖະຍ຺ຍຍຸກ຺ຌກຸໃ ຓ຺ຌບ຺ຄກາຌຖທຓັຄກາຌາຄາຌເຌຘາ
ຂາທິຆາບາຆີຍຉໃ າຄໂ
ຍ຺ຈຍາຈທາຓຘາັຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຎັຌຏ຺ຌຽຌໃ ບຄຓາາກກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຎຄຂບຄຘະຑາຍທຈຖໄບຓ ຽຆັໃ ຌ:
ທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌຂບຄຖູກໄາ ຽຓໃ ບຖູກໄາຍໃ ເຆໄຉໄບຄຓີກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຎຄຏະຖິຈຉະຑັຌ ຽປ຺າຉໄບຄຽບ຺າຂໄຓູຌາກູໃ ຂໃ ຄ ຊໄາເຏຓີ
ທາຓແທເຌກາຌຑັຈະຌະຘິຌໄາຓໃ ຌຏູໄຌັໄຌແຈໄຎຼຍ
Toffler (1980) ແຈໄຍໃ ຄທິທັຈະຌາກາຌຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຘັຄ຺ຓບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ງຸກ:
# ງຸກກະຽຘຈຉະກາ (ີໃ ຈິຌ, ປຄຄາຌ)
# ງຸກບຸຈຘານະກາ (຺ຌ, ຽໃ ບຄັກ)
# ງຸກຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (ຂໄຓູຌ, ຂໃ າທຘາຌ, ທາຓປູ ໄ)
ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຎຄຂບຄຘະຑາຍທຈຖໄບຓເຌຎັຈຸຍັຌແຈໄຽປັຈເນໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຓີທາຓຘາັຌ ຽຑີໄຓຂຶໄຌຈງຽຌັໄຌີໃ
ຎະຽຈັຌຘາັຌ : ຈັໃ ຄຉໃແຎຌີໄ:
ຖະຍ຺ຍຽຘຈຊະກິຈງຸກເນຓໃ
ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຎຄຈໄາຌບ຺ຄກາຌ ຖະ ກາຌຍຖິນາຌ
ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຎຄຈໄາຌຽັກຌຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
1. ທາຓຘາັຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽັກຌຖດີ
ປຸຍຍຍຽຘຈຊະກິຈງຸກເນຓໃ
ຓີຖັກຘະຌະ 3 ຎະກາຌ :
ຽຘຈຊະກິຈຖກ Global Economy ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ທິກິຈກາຌຽຄ ິຌີໃ ຽກີຈຂຶໄຌ ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ: ຎະຽຈບາຽຓຖິກາ ີໃ ຘ຺ໃ ຄ
ຏ຺ຌກະ຺ຍຉໃ ຍໄາຌຽປ຺າ ຸຖະກິຈກາຌໃ ບຄໃ ຼທ, ກາຌໄາຂາບບກ-ຂາຽຂ຺ໄາ ີຌ, ບິຌຽຈງ, ຓາຽຖຆີຌ
ຽຘຈຊະກິຈຽຆິໃ ຄຽຌັໄຌກາຌຍຖິກາຌີໃ ບາເຘຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຎັຌນຖັກ ງ຺ກຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ: ຂໄຓູຌເຌກາຌຑັຈະຌາ
ຏະຖິຈຉະຑັຌ
ຽບຂໃ າງທາຓຘາຑັຌ ຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ: ກາຌໄາຖະນທໃ າຄຖາທ-ແ
ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຎຄຂບຄບ຺ຄກບຌ ຖະ ກາຌຍຖິນາຌ
ຓີຖັກຘະຌະ 3 ຎະກາຌ :
ບ຺ຄກາຌຍຍເນຓໃ
ກາຌຍຖິນາຌຍຍເນຓໃ
ຽຌັໄຌີໃ ທາຓຎໃ ຄເຘ ຖະ ກທຈຘບຍແຈໄ(ງໄບຌຍໃຎໃ ຄເຘ)
ກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຎຄຂບຄຽັກຌຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຽັກຌຖດີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ IT ຓີກາຌຑັຈະຌາດໃ າຄທໃ ບຄແທ ຘາຓາຈຉບຍຘະນຌບຄທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌຂບຄຏູໄເຆໄ
ນຖາງຂຶໄຌ ຖາາຊກຖ຺ຄ ຓີປູຍຍຍກາຌຘໃ ຘາຌຖະ຺ຓຓະຌາ຺ຓ ີໃ ນຖາກນຖາງ ຽັກຌຖດີ ຓີຍ຺ຈຍາຈເຌກາຌ
ຎໃ ຼຌຎຄກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ ຖະ ກາຌາຄາຌທິຘາຆີຍຉໃ າຄໂ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ກາຌຑຈ, ທິະງາຘາຈ, ຎະນທັຈຘາຈ, ຎຕັຈຆະງາ,
ຖັຈຊະຘາຈ, ຈ຺ຌຉີ, ກາຌຘຶກຘາຉໃ າຄໂ.
ເຆໄຖະຍ຺ຍ GPs and ຈາທຼຓຽຂ຺ໄາເຌກາຌທັຈກີໃ ຈີຌ, ກາຌຑະງາກບຌບາກາຈ
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ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄຽັກຌຖຆີ, ຂໄຓູຌ, ຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ, ຂໃ າທຘາຌ, ທາຓປູໄໂຖະໂຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຎະນທັຈຘາຈ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ກາຌຍັຌຶກຑາຍເຌຘະແນຓກໃ ບຌແຎຊໃ າງແຎຂະນງາງ ຖໄທຑິຓຽຎັຌຎໄຓ
ຎຕັຈງາ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ທັຈຊຸ ຖະ ແຆງະຘາຈ ທາຈຑາຍເຌຘິໃ ຄຈັໃ ຄກໃ າທທໃ າຓີິຄ
ຖັຈຊະຘາຈ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຈາທຼຓັຍເຌກາຌຂີໄຖັກ, ກໄບຄທ຺ຄບຌ
ຈ຺ຌຉີຽຆັໃ ຌ: ປໄບຄາຖາບະຽກະ ຑາຍຽໃ ບຌແນທ, ນຌັຄຉໃ າຄໂ
ກາຌຘຶກຘາ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຎຕກຕຓປຼຌຑາຘາບັຄກິຈ
II. ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄຽັກໂຌຖຆີ, ຂໄຓູຌ, ຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ, ຂໃ າທຘາຌ, ທາຓປູ ໄຖະ ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຘໄາຄຂຶໄຌຓາຽຑໃ ບຸຈຓຸໄຄນຖາງຎະກາຌ ຸຈຓຸໄຄນຓາງຎະກາຌນຌຶໃ ຄກໃ : ກາຌຌາຽັກຌ
ຖດີ Technology ຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌ ນຖ ຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ Data or Database ເນໄຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information
ຖະ ຌາແຎຘູໃ ທາຓປູ ໄKnowledge ຽຂ຺ໄາຽຎັຌຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບຆໃ ທງກໄແຂເຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ເຌກາຌ
ຽກັຍກາຊາຌຂໄຓູຌຂບຄຖູກໄາ.
ຽັກຌຖດີ Technology
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ກາຌຌາຽບ຺າທາຓປູ ໄຓາເຆໄ ທາຓປູ ໄາຄຈໄາຌທິະງາຘາຈ ຽບ຺າຓາເຆໄເນໄຽກີຈຎະນງຈ ກາຌຘຶກຘາ
ຑັຈະຌາທາຓປູ ໄຉໃ າຄໂ ຖະ ນາາຄຌາຓາເຆໄເຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌເນໄຽກີຈຎະນງຈຘູຄຘຸຈ.
ຂໄຓູຌ Data : ຂໄີໃ ໄິຄກໃ ຼທກັຍຽນຈກາຌ ນຖ ຂໄຓູຌຈິຍີໃ ງັຄຍໃ ຏໃ າຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌງັຄຍໃ ຓີ ທາຓນຓາງ
ເຌກາຌຌາແຎເຆໄຄາຌ ຂໄຓູຌບາຈະຽຎັຌຉ຺ທຽຖກ ຉ຺ທບັກຘບຌ ຘັຌງາຖັກ ປູຍຑາຍ ຘຼຄ ນຖ ຑາຍຽບຌແນທ ຽຉັກຌິກ
ບຓຑິທຽຉີ : Hard ware ີໃ ຘາຓາຈັຍແຈໄ, Technology ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຸຌຌະຑາຍ
Data ຓໃ ຌຂໄີໃ ໄິຄກໃ ຼທກັຍຍຸກ຺ຌຘິໃ ຄຂບຄຌທິຈ ຖະ ຽນຈກາຌີໃ ຽປ຺າຘ຺ຌເຘຶກຘາ ບາຈແຈໄຓາາກກາຌ
ຌັຍ ກາຌທັຈ ຽຆິໃ ຄຽຎັຌແຈໄັຄຉ຺ທຽຖກ ຂໄທາຓ ຘັຌງາຖັກ ນຖ ປູຍຑາຍ
Data ຓໃ ຌຂໄີໃ ໄິຄີໃ ຓີດູໃ ນຖ ແຈໄຓາາກຽນຈກາຌີໃ ຽກີຈຂຶໄຌ ຈງຓີແຈໄາກກາຌຎໃ ຼຌຎຄເຈໂ ຽຆິໃ ຄບາຈ
ະຽຎັຌຽໃ ບຄນຓາງຉ຺ທຽຖກ (ຂໄຓູຌຽຆີຄຎະຖິຓາຌ) ຉ຺ທບັກຘບຌ ນຖ ຘັຌງາຖັກຘໃ ເຈໂ (ຂໄຓູຌຽຆີຄຸຌຌະຑາຍ) ກໃແຈໄ
ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂັໄຌຑໄຌຊາຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ Data
III. ຸຌຘ຺ຓຍັຈຂັໄຌຑໄຌຊາຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ (Data)
1. ທາຓຊກຉໄບຄ: ນາກຽຆໃໃ
ບຊຍໃ ແຈໄະຽປັຈເນໄຽກີຈຏ຺ຌຽຘງ ຏູໄເຆໄະຍໃ ກໄາບໄາຄບີຄ ນຖ ຌາແຎເຆໄເນໄຽກີຈຎະນງຈ
2. ທາຓທໃ ບຄແທ ຖະ ັຌຘະແນຓ: ັຌຉໃ ທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌຂບຄຏູໄເຆໄຓີກາຌຉບຍຘະນຌບຄຉໃ ຏູໄເຆໄແຈໄແທ.
3. ທາຓຘ຺ຓຍູຌ: ຂຶໄຌດູໃ ກັຍກາຌຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ ຖະ ທິີກາຌຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌ
4. ທາຓຆັຈຽຌ ຖະ ກະັຈປັຈ: ຘໃ ທາຓນຓາງແຈໄ
5. ທາຓຘບຈໃ ບຄ: ນຖ ທາຓຽຎັຌແຎແຈໄທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌຂບຄຍຸກ຺ຌ ນຖ ນຌໃ ທງຄາຌ
Database ກາຌຽັຈຽກັຍຂໄຓູຌີໃ ກໃ ຼທຂໄບຄກັຌດໃ າຄຓີຖະຍ຺ຍ ຏູໄເຆໄຄາຌຘາຓາຈຽຍິໃ ຄກໄແຂຽຑີໄຓຽຉີຓ ນຖ ຖ຺ຍ
ຂໄຓູຌແຈໄຽຎັຌຉ຺ໄຌ ຖະ ຓັກະຌາຽບ຺າຖະຍ຺ຍບຓຑິທຽຉີຓາຆໃ ທງ ເຌກາຌັຈຽກັຍຂໄຓູຌຽຂ຺ໄາຓາຘໄາຄຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄ
ັຌຉໃ ທາຓຉໄບຄກາຌເຆໄຖະ ຊກຉໄບຄຉ຺ຄຉາຓທາຓຽຎັຌິຄ.
Database ກາຌຽກັຍຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌາຌທຌນຖາງແທໄດໃ າຄຽຎັຌຖະຍຼຍ ຆໃ ທງເນໄກາຌຍຖິນາຌັຈຽກັຍ
ຖະ ຺ໄຌນາຂໄຓູຌຈໄທງຎຕກຕຓຓາເຆໄຽຎັຌແຎແຈໄດໃ າຄຓີຎະຘິຈິຑາຍ ກາຌຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌັຄນຓ຺ຈຽຂ຺າຓາຽກັຍແທໄ
ເຌ ຍໃ ບຌຈຼທກັຌ ຖະ ນຖຸຈກາຌຆໄາຆໄບຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ ຏູໄເຆໄຶໃ ຄຽຍິໃ ຄຽນັຌຂໄຓູຌັຄນຓ຺ຈແຈໄາກຘະຊາຌີໃ ຈຼທ
Database ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ກາຌຽກັຍຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌຽຂ຺ໄາແທໄຈໄທງກັຌດໃ າຄຓີຍຍຏຌ ີໃ ເຈີໃ ນຌຶໃ ຄໂເຌບ຺ຄກາຌ
ຽຑໃ ບີໃ ຏູໄເຆໄະຘາຓາຈຌາຂໄຓູຌຓາຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ຖະ ຌາຓາເຆໄຄາຌຉາຓີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌແຈໄດໃ າຄຎະຘິຈິຑາຍ.
IV. ທາຓຘາັຌຂບຄຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ (Database)
1. ນຖຸຈກາຌຽກັຍກາຂໄຓູຌີໃ ຆໄາຆໄບຌ
2. ປັກຘາທາຓຊກຉໄບຄຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ
3. ກາຌຎໄບຄກັຌ ຖະ ປັກຘາທາຓຎບຈແຑເນໄຽກັຍກາຂໄຓູຌຽປັຈແຈໄຄໃາງ ຖະ ຘະຈທກ
4. ຘາຓາຈເຆໄຂໄຓູຌປໃ ທຓກັຌແຈໄ
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ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌໂ(Information)
5. ຓີທາຓຽຎັຌບິຈຘະຖະຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ: ຽຑີໄຓຽຉີຓ, ກໄແຂ, ຎັຍຎຸຄ, ຖຶຍບບກ
ດ຺ກຉ຺ທດໃ າຄ ຖະ ບະິຍາງັຄ 5 ຂໄຽຎັຌທຼກຍໄາຌ
V. ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information)
ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ຂໄຓູຌີໃ ຽຎັຌຎະນງຈຉໃ ກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຆີທິຈຂບຄຓະຌຸຈ, ຓະຌຸຈຉໃ ຺ຌຉັໄຄຉໃ ຽກີຈຓາແຈໄປຼຌປູ ໄຘິໃ ຄ
ຉໃ າຄໂ ຽຎັຌາຌທຌນຖາງ ປຼຌປູ ໄຘະຑາຍຘັຄ຺ຓທາຓຽຎັຌດູໃ ກ຺ຈນຓາງ ຖະ ທິຆາກາຌ
Information : ຂໄຓູຌີໃແຈໄຏໃ າຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ນຖ ັຈຖະຍ຺ຍຖໄທ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄຓີທາຓນຓາງ ຖະ ຸຌ
ໃ າຘາຖັຍຏູໄເຆໄ
Information : ຂໄຓູຌີໃ ຏໃ າຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຖໄທ ຘາຓາຈຌາແຎເຆໄຎະນງຈແຈໄຎະກບຍຈໄທງຂໄຓູຌຽບ
ກະຘາຌ ຘຼຄ ນຖ ປູຍຑາຍ
Information : ຂໄຓູຌີໃແຈໄປັຍກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ນຖ ຎຸຄຉໃ ຄ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄຓີທາຓນຓາງຽຎັຌຎະນງຈຉໃ ຏູໄ
ເຆໄຖະ ບ຺ຄກບຌຉໃແຎ ຽຆັໃ ຌ:
VI. ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄທາຓປູໄ (Knowledge)
ທາຓປູ ໄ knowledge ຓໃ ຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຍທກກັຍທາຓຽຂ຺ໄາເ Know-how : ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌດໃ າຄ
ຈຼທຍໃ ຑີໃ ະຽປັຈເນໄຽກີຈທາຓປູ ໄ ຽປ຺າຉໄບຄຽຂ຺ໄາເທິີີໃ ຈີີໃ ຘຸຈເຌກາຌເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ເຌກາຌກໄແຂຍັຌນາກາຌ
ຏະຖິຈຘິຌໄາ ນຖ ຍຖິກາຌ (Kout & Zander, 1992)
ທາຓປູ ໄ Knowledge : ທາຓປັຍປູ ໄ ຖະ ທາຓຽຂ຺ໄາເເຌກາຌຌາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌແຎເຆໄເຌກາຌກໄແຂ
ຍັຌນາເຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ
VII. ກາຌຑ຺ທຑັຌຂບຄ Data, Processing, Information, Knowledge
VIII. ຖັກຘະຌະຂບຄຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information ີໃ ຈີ
ຸຌໃ າຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຂບຄຉໃ ຖະ຺ຌຍໃ າຽຎັຌຉໄບຄຽນຓບຌກັຌ (Hagetal, 2000) ແຈໄຍໃ ຄຖັກຘະຌະ
ຂບຄຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ຈີແທໄ4 ຎະກາຌ :
1. ຈໄາຌຽທຖາ Time
ກາຌັຌຽທຖາ (Timeliness) : ຘາຓາຈນາທໃ ບຄແທັຌຽທຖາີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ
ທາຓຽຎັຌຎະຸຍັຌ (Up-to-date) : ຓີກາຌຎັຍຎຸຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຎະຸຍັຌດູໃ ຘະຽນຓີ
ຓີແຖງະຽທຖາ (Time Period) : ຓີັຄຂໄຓູຌເຌບະຈີຈ ຎະຸຍັຌ ຖະ ບະຌາ຺ຈ ຽຆິໃ ຄຽຎັຌຎະນງຈຉໃ
ກາຌທາຄຏຌ ຖະ ກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ
2. ຈໄາຌຽຌໄບເຌ
ທາຓຊກຉໄບຄໃ ຼຄຉ຺ຄ : ຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຆິໃ ຄຍໃ ຓີທາຓຑິຈຑາຈ
ທາຓຘາຑັຌກັຍຽຖໃ ບຄ : ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ຘບຈໃ ບຄກັຍຽຖໃ ບຄີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ
ທາຓຘ຺ຓຍູຌ : ກາຌທຍຸຓຖາງຖະບຼຈີໃ ຘາັຌຸກຽຖໃ ບຄີໃ ຉໄບຄປູ ໄ
ທາຓນຌໄາຽຆໃ ບຊແຈໄ: ຓໃ ຌຂຶໄຌກັຌກາຌຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ ຖະ ນຖໃ ຄີໃ ຓາຂບຄຂໄຓູຌ
ຂໄຓູຌ Data ຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌ
Data Processing
ຂໃ າທຘາຌ
Information
ທາຓປູໄ
Knowledge
ທາຓຽຂ຺ໄາເ
Know-how
18. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 18
ກາຌຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ກາຌຘບຍແຈໄ: ກທຈຘບຍທາຓຊກຉໄບຄ ຖະ ນຖໃ ຄີໃ ຓາຂບຄຂໄຓູຌແຈໄ
3. ຈໄາຌປູຍຍຍ
ທາຓຆັຈຽຌ
ຖະຈັຍຂບຄກາຌຌາຘະຽນຌີຖາງຖະບຼຈ (ຽທ຺ໄາເຌຑາຘາີໃ ຘັຄ຺ຓງບຓປັຍຽຑໃ ບເນໄຽຂ຺ໄາເຄໃາງ)
ປູຍຍຍກາຌຘະຽນຌີ ກາຌຉໄຓຽຎັຌປູຍຽຎັຌ Chart
ຘໃ ເຌກາຌຌາຘະຽນຌີ
ທາຓງຈງຸໃ ຌ
ທາຓຎະນງັຈ
4. ຈໄາຌຂະຍທຌກາຌ
ທາຓຘາຓາຈເຌກາຌຽຂ຺ໄາຽຊິຄ
ກາຌຓີຘໃ ທຌປໃ ທຓ
ກາຌຽຆໃ ບຓງຄ
IX. ກາຌຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຽຎັຌກາຌຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຎະນງຈຉໃ ກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ າຽຎັຌຉໄບຄບາເຘຽຉັກຌຖຆີຽຂ຺ໄາຓາຆໃ ທງເຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ
ຽຖີໃ ຓຉັໄຄຉໃ ກາຌຖທຍຖທຓ ຖະ ກທຈຘບຍຂໄຓູຌ. ກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ ກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌເນໄກາງຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຖະ ກາຌຈູຖປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບກໃ ເຆໄຄາຌຎະກບຍຈໄທງຂໄຉໃ າຄໂຉໃແຎຌີໄ:
1. ກາຌຖທຍຖທຓ ຖະ ກທຈຘບຍຂໄຓູຌຎະກບຍຈໄທງ
ກາຌຽກັຍຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ ຽຎັຌຽຖໃ ບຄຂບຄກາຌັຈຽກັຍຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ ຽຆິໃ ຄຓີາຌທຌນຖາງ ຖະ ຉໄບຄ
ເນໄແຈໄັຌຽທຖາ
ກາຌກທຈຘບຍຂໄຓູຌ ຽຓໃ ບຓີກາຌຽກັຍຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ ຽຑໃ ບກທຈຘບຍທາຓຊກຉໄບຄຂໄຓູຌີໃ ຽກັຍຽຂ຺ໄາ
ເຌຖະຍ຺ຍະຉໄບຄຓີທາຓຽຆໃ ບຊແຈໄ ນາກຑ຺ຍີໃ ຏິຈຑາຈຉໄບຄກໄແຂັຌີ ກາຌທັຈກທາຓຸກງາກ, ຎາຌກາຄ, ປັໃ ຄ
ຓີ : ບາາຌີໃ ດູໃ ບາເຘ, ຽຂ຺ໄາກິຌ…
2. ກາຌຈາຽຌີຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌເນໄກາງຽຎັຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ກາຌັຈຍໃ ຄຂໄຓູຌ ຂໄີໃ ັຈຽກັຍກໃ ຉໄບຄຓີກາຌຍໃ ຄງກກຸໃ ຓ ຽຑໃ ບກຼຓແທໄຘານຖັຍກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ ກາຌຍໃ ຄ
ງກກຸໃ ຓຽຎັຌທິີີໃ ຆັຈຽຌ
ກາຌັຈຖຼຌຂໄຓູຌ ຽຓໃ ບຂັຈຍໃ ຄກຸໃ ຓຽຎັຌຒັຓຖໄທ ທຌຓີກາຌັຈກຼຓຂໄຓູຌຉາຓຖາຈັຍຉ຺ທຽຖກ ນຖ
ຉ຺ທບັກຘບຌ ນຖ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄປຼກເຆໄຄາຌແຈໄຄໃາງ
ກາຌຘະນຖຸຍຏ຺ຌ ຍາຄັໄຄຂໄຓູຌີໃ ັຈຽກັຍຓີາຌທຌນຖາງ າຽຎັຌຉໄບຄຓີກາຌຘະນຖຸຍຏ຺ຌ ນຖ ຘໄາຄຖາງ
ຄາຌງໃ ບງ ຽຑໃ ບຌາແຎເຆໄຎະນງຈ ຂໄຓູຌີໃ ຘະນຖຸຍແຈໄຈັໃ ຄຌີໄບາຈະຘໃ ທາຓນຓາງແຈໄຈີກໃ ທາ
ກາຌາຌທຌ ຂໄຓູຌີໃ ັຈຽກັຍຓີາຌທຌນຖທຄນຖາງ ຂໄຓູຌຍາຄຘໃ ທຌຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຉ຺ທຽຖກ ີໃ ຘາຓາຈຌາແຎ
າຌທຌຽຑໃ ບນາຏ຺ຌປັຍຍາຄດໃ າຄແຈໄ ຽຑໃ ບກາຌທາຄຏຌກາຌຉະນຖາຈກາຌຂາງ ຖະ ກາຌຏະຖິຈ ກາຌຽຄ ິຌ ຖະ ກາຌຈູ
ຖປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ ກາຌຌາຂໄຓູຌແຎເຆໄເຌກາຌທາຄຏຌ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ກາຌຏະຖິຈ, ກາຌຉະນຖາຈ
ກາຌຂາງ, ກາຌຽຄ ິຌ…
3. ກາຌຈູຖປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຑໃ ບກາຌເຆໄຄາຌ
ກາຌຽກັຍປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌ ນຓາງຽຊິຄກາຌຌາຂໄຓູຌຓາຍັຌຶກຽກັຍແທໄເຌຘໃ ຍັຌຶກຉໃ າຄໂ
ກາຌ຺ໄຌນາຂໄຓູຌ ກາຌຌາຂໄຓູຌບຓຑິທຽຉີຽຂ຺ໄາຓາຓີຘໃ ທຌຆໃ ທງເຌກາຌາຄາຌ ຽປັຈກາຌປຼກ຺ໄຌທໄາ
ກະາແຈໄແທຂຶໄຌ ຖະ ັຌຽທຖາ
ກາຌບັຈຊໃ າງຂໄຓູຌ ຽຑໃ ບີໃ ະຌາຂໄຓູຌຽກັຍປັກຘາແທໄນຖ ຌາແຎກໃ າງເຌຑາງນຖັຄ
19. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 19
ກາຌຘໄາຄຂໄຓູຌເນໄຽຎັຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ກາຌຘໃ ຘາຌຂໄຓູຌ ຉໄບຄກະາງ ນຖ ຘ຺ໃ ຄຉໃ ໂແຎງັຄຏູໄເຆໄຄາຌີໃ ນໃ າຄແກແຈໄຄໃາງະຽປັຈໂເນໄກາຌຘ຺ໃ ຄຂໃ າທຘາຌແຎ
ງັຄຏູໄເຆໄຽປັຈແຈໄທໃ ບຄແທ ຖະ ັຌຽທຖາ
4. ຽັກຌຖຆີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information Technology
Information Technology = IT
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ກາຌຌາຽບ຺າທາຓປູ ໄາຄຈໄາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຓາເຆໄເຌທິະງາຘາຈີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ ຈງບາເຘ
ຽໃ ບຄຓາຄຽັກຌຖຆີເນຓໃ ໂ ຽຆັໃ ຌ: ຽັກຌຖຆີຈໄາຌບຓຑິທຽຉີ, ຽບຂໃ າງຖະ຺ຓຓະຌາ຺ຓ ຖະ ກາຌຘໃ ຘາຌ
ຉະນຖບຈຽຊິຄກາຌບາເຘທາຓປູ ໄເຌຂະຍທຌກາຌຈາຽຌີຌຄາຌ ຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌເຌຂັໄຌຉບຌຉໃ າຄໂ ຉັໄຄຉໃ ກາຌຘະນທຄ
ນາກາຌທິຽາະ, ກາຌັຈຽກັຍ, ຖທຓຽຊິຄກາຌັຈກາຌຽຏີງຏໃ ຖະ ຎໃ ຼຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຈໄທງ
ຽັກຌຖຆີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ Information Technology = IT
ປາຈທໃ ຖະ ຘບຍທໃ ກາຌຘໃ ຘາຌຖະ຺ຓຓະຌາ຺ຓ ກາຌັຈກາຌຊາຌຂໄຓູຌ ຖະ ຽັກຌຖດີີໃ
ເຆໄເຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ເຆໄເຌບຓຑິທຽຉີ (O’Brien, 2001).
5. ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information System)
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information System =IS)
ຽຎັຌຖະຍ຺ຍີໃ ຏໃ າຌຂະຍທຌກາຌກັໃ ຌຉບຄ ນຖ ຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໄຓູຌ ຽຑໃ ບເນໄແຈໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ
ຽຑໃ ບີໃ ຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ ນຖ ກາຌຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌຂບຄບ຺ຄກາຌ, ກາຌຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌເ
ຂບຄຏູໄຍຖິນາຌ ຖະ ຌບກາກຌີໄ ງັຄຆໃ ທງເຌຍຸກະຖາກບຌເຌບ຺ຄກາຌ ຌັໄຌແຈໄຘາຓາຈຎະຘາຌຄາຌກັຌ, ຆໃ ທງເຌກາຌ
ທິຽາະຍັຌນາ ກາຌຘໄາຄຍຍາຖບຄທັຈຊຸຎະຘ຺ຄີໃ ຓີທາຓຘັຍຆໄບຌ ຖະ ກາຌຘໄາຄຏະຖິຈຉະຑັຌເນຓໃ
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information System =IS)
ນຓາງຽຊິຄ ກຸໃ ຓຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຄາຌີໃ ຎະກບຍຈໄທງ Hardware, Software ີໃ ຽປັຈນຌໄາີໃ ຖທຍຖທຓຎະ
ຓທຌຏ຺ຌ ັຈຽກັຍ ຖະ ກໃ າງຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌກາຌຉັຈຘິຌໂເ ຖະ ກາຌທຓຸຓຑາງເຌ
ບ຺ຄກາຌ
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information System =IS)
: ຂະຍທຌກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ຓີດູໃ ເນໄດູໃ ເຌປູຍຂບຄຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ຽຎັຌຎະນງຈຘູຄຘຸຈ ຽຑໃ ບ
ຽຎັຌຂໄຘະນຖຸຍີໃ ເຆໄຘະນຌັຍຘະນຌູຌ ກາຌຉັຈຘິຌໂເຂບຄຍຸກະຖາກບຌຖະຈັຍຍຖິນາຌ, ຂະຍທຌກາຌີໃ ຽປັຈເນໄ
ຽກີຈຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຌີໄ ຽບີໄຌທໃ າ: ກາຌຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ (Information Processing) ຖະ ຽບີໄຌທິີ
ກາຌຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຈໄທງຽໃ ບຄຓບີຽຖັກຉຕຌິກກໃ ທາ:
Input
(Data)
Processing
Classify (ັຈຽຎັຌນຓທຈ)
Arrange (ກຼຓກາຌ)
Calculate (າຌທຌ)
Output
(Information)
20. Management Information System Novy INKHAMSENG 20
ຍ຺ຍຍາຈຂບຄຌັກຍຖິນາຌໂຖະໂຏູໄຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ບ຺ຄຎະກບຍຂບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ເຆໄບຓຑິທຽຉີ
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຽຑໃ ບກາຌັຈກາຌີໃ ເຆໄບຓຑິທຽຉີ (Computer-Based Information
Systems: CBIS) ຓີບ຺ຄຎະກບຍີໃ ຘາັຌ 6 ດໃ າຄ :
Hardware
Software
Database
Network
Procedure
People
X. ຍ຺ຍຍາຈຂບຄຌັກຍຖິນາຌ ຖະ ຏູໄຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌກໃ ຼທກັຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ກາຌກາຌ຺ຈຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ຉໄບຄກາຌ (What): ຈງຑິາຖະຌາາກຖັກຘະຌະຄາຌ ນຖ ນຌໄາີໃ ຂບຄ
ນຌໃ ທງຄາຌ
ຑິາຖະຌາຽທຖາ (When): ີໃ ຉໄບຄເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຌັໄຌ ຽຑໃ ບກາຌ຺ຈຽທຖາຖທຍຖທຓຎະຓທຌຏ຺ຌ າຘໄາຄ
ຍ຺ຈຖາງຄາຌ
ປູ ໄັກໃ ທາະນາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຈັໃ ຄກໃ າທແຈໄດູໃ ເຘ (Where): າກນຖໃ ຄຂໄຓູຌຑາງເຌ ນຖ ຑາງຌບກ
ຽຂ຺ໄາເທໃ າຽຎັຌນງັຄ (Why): ຶໃ ຄຉໄບຄຓີຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌຌັໄຌ ປູ ໄຽຊິຄຘາຽນຈ ເຌກາຌຽກັຍກາຖທຍຖທຓຂໄຓູຌ
ປູ ໄັກທໃ າຏູໄເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌເຏ (For whom): ຽຑໃ ບີໃ ະຽປັຈາຍຍກາຌຌາຘະຽນຌີເນໄຽນຓາະຘ຺ຓ
ະເຆໄຽໃ ບຄຓບັຌເຈ (How): ເຌກາຌຽກັຍກາຖທຍຖທຓ ຎະຓທຌທຏ຺ຌ ປັກຘາຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ຘາຓາຈຽຂ຺ໄາເ ທາຓນຓາງຂບຄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌີໃ ນາຓາແຈໄ
ຘາຓາຈຈາຽຌີຌກາຌ ນຖ ຎະຉິຍັຈຄາຌ ແຈໄດໃ າຄຽນຓາະຘ຺ຓ
ເຆໄຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ດໃ າຄຊກຉໄບຄຉາຓກ຺ຈນຓາງ ຖະ ດໃ າຄະຓີາຖິງະາ
XI. ຌທາຄກໃ ຼທກັຍຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ
ກາຌຘຶກຘາຽຖໃ ບຄຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຽຑໃ ບກາຌັຈກາຌາຽຎັຌຉໄບຄບາເຘ ທາຓປູ ໄເຌທິຆາຘາຂາຉໃ າຄໂ ຈັໃ ຄຌັໄຌ
ຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌ ຶໃ ຄຓີຖັກຘະຌະຽຎັຌ ຘະນະທິະງາກາຌ (Mutidisciplinary) ຈັໃ ຄຌັໄຌ ຶໃ ຄຍໃ ຄຖະຍ຺ຍກາຌຘຶກ
ຘາຖະຍ຺ຍຂໄຓູຌຂໃ າທຘາຌບບກຽຎັຌ 3 ຌທາຄ : (Laudon, 1999)
ຌທາຄຈໄາຌຽັກຌິກ Technical Approach
ຌທາຄຈໄາຌຑຶຈຉິກາ
ຌທາຄກາຌຎະຘ຺ຓຎະຘາຌຖະນທໃ າຄຽັກຌຖຆີ ຖະ ຘັຄ຺ຓ
ຌທາຄຈໄາຌຽັກຌິກ Technical Approach
MIS
