Exploring Criminology Through Essays

Essay On Criminology And Criminal Justice
The question that I have when I want to minor in Criminology and Criminal Justice is why U.S
have the highest prisoners compare to others countries. I want to figure out why it is the case.
From Prison State Frontline video, I realized that the rate of people who are drug addicted and
mentality ill are high. For example, locking people for traffic fines, locking people for small
amount of drug or marijuana, locking up people who are intoxicated in the public will not help the
public more safety. Locking up people who have metal ill problem are not going to solving the fact
that these people are needed treatments instead of locking them up and keep them out of the public.
Instead spending millions of dollars to keep them lock up, hired to guards and, why not using those
millions of dollars on created a better system to help them stay out...show more content...
The reason is because they are try to fit themselves in the society, they received more of isolation
than a second chance. It is easy to realize that their chance to survive in the society after get out of
jails is low. How many companies will accept a person who have a history in prison and who many
people will trust a person who have the background as a criminal normal without any cautions and
judgmental .There is a slim chance that they will get accepted by the society. Many prisoners
have no hope in their future, they do not know what to do and where they will goes because they
been lock up in prison for the main part of their life. The perfect example from the video is Keith
Huff, where he goes back to jails after two months he got out. He have no family, no hope, and no
future. He does not know what his future look like or his life will be in living a live in prison
because he keep came back. There are limited of supporters and resources to help me survived
through the hard time in real life. So, they tend to returned to do what they do in the
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Criminology Career Paper
The field of criminology has many paths to take to build a career. Some people study criminology
to become local or federal police officers and arrest offenders. Other people study criminology to
help offenders and advocate for their justice and wellness. I have chosen to study the federal side of
criminology with a concentration in Homeland Security. With The Department of Homeland
Security being born in 2002 this discipline is fairly new but it has made a true impact in our society.
Criminology as a discipline will be understood through the exploration of scholars and
organizations. George mason University in Fairfax Virginia displays a page on the criminology
degree options and states that Mason's criminology, law and society degree is designed for students
interested in law enforcement, law, homeland security, and related career fields. As a student in the
program, you will be taught by outstanding professors who have years of experience as both
researchers and practitioners ("Criminology, Law and Society | Programs: BS in Criminology, Law
and Society," n.d.)....show more content...
The University does not have a specific definition to that. Looking further I discovered a second
definition to the discipline. According to The Principles of Criminology it is defined as "the body
of knowledge regarding crime and delinquency as social phenomena" (Sutherland, Cressey, &
Luckenbill, 1992). My definition of criminology with a concentration in Homeland Security as a
discipline is " a study of the criminal aspect of government specifically in the protection of citizens
and the country they live in." From these definitions it is safe to conclude that there is no set
definition of the field as a discipline, everyone will have a different meaning depending on how they
choose to use their

Criminology
Criminology Assignment This essay will analyse a contemporary Policy document policing in the
21st century: Reconnecting police and the people. It is a document presented by the secretary of
state for the Home Department by Command for Her Majesty in July 2010. It will look at how
some philosophies of punishment and models of criminal justice are convincing in explaining the
methods and tactics used to formulate criminal justice policies as evidence in Policing in the 21st
Century: Reconnecting police and the people. Other policy documents will be looked at in other to
compare their similarities. Crime control, bureaucratic models the philosophy of deterrence and
rehabilitation are convincing in explaining the politics of this policy...show more content...
The extent of collaboration of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the
necessity of the use of physical force. Police look for and protect public favor not by taken
account public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute neutral service to the law. Police
use physical force to the extent necessary to secure execution of the law or to restore order only
when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient. Police, at all times,
should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the
police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who
are paid to give full–time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests
of community welfare and existence. Police should always direct their action strictly towards their
functions and never appear to assume the responsibilities of the judiciary. The test of police
efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing
with it. [http:www.historyhome.co.ukpeellaworder9points.htm]. However, while the aim of the
police is crime control and prevention, the major role is often perceived as collecting evidence and
bringing offenders to justice. [Davies et al. P 141]. The police are involved in the maintenance of
order in the society and dealing with crowds at sporting events and

Criminology And Sociology : Criminology
Summary of Criminology and Sociology:
Criminology is concerned with examining the complex issues of crime and criminality to find its
underlying causes. To do this criminology primarily aims to achieve answers as to why crime
occurs; who is committing said crimes and how society as a whole will respond to crime with regards
to policy changes and its place in the media (Australian Institute of Criminology: 2015).
Sociology is the scientific study of human social interactions in a societal context (Calhoun, 2002).
As sociologists study anything human related they can examine anything from the smallest
interactions between everyday people to vastly complex international or multinational relationships.
Within this they attempt to understand...show more content...
Feminist criminological theory examines the inability of current criminological methods/theories of
crime to examine female criminal offending, victimisation and impact of the criminal justice system
(McLaughlin & Newburn: 2010). Females will be unable to be properly viewed under criminology
until; criminological theories created specifically for females are created. The current theories only
look at male offending and these theories are often inapplicable to women as there is a
generalisability problem. Additionally most women participate in very different types of criminal
activity than men, that often are directly influenced by their sex, such as infanticide, prostitution,
child abuse, etc. (Gilfus, 1975).
Interactionism is a micro–sociological perspective used in sociology that theorises that concepts
used to categorize people do not actually exist, but are social constructions. Thus, females and males
are given "feminine" or "masculine" traits based on what society views as masculine or feminine and
emerge through interaction with others, and are often based upon biological sex (Denzin, 1993;
Deutscher and Lindsey, 2005:5). Gender roles are designed for males and females separately, but
they permit interactions between the sexes, although these interactions are negative to a well
balanced view of self as humanity calls each other the "opposite sex" we tend to behave accordingly,
which segregates us further from each other

Criminology Essay
Criminology
1. According to the textbook, the legal, and most common, definition of crime is that it is a legalistic
one in that it violates the criminal law and is punishable with jail terms, fines, and other sanctions.
The Human Rights definition of crime defines crime as an action that violates the basic rights of
humans to obtain the necessities of life and to be treated with respect and dignity. Unlike the legal
definition of crime, the Human Rights definition of crime has a broader concept than its counterpart.
With the Human Rights definition of crime, criminologists are allowed to the entire range of acts
and omissions that cause social injury and social harm, while the legal definition of crime would only
allow a...show more content...
The human rights definition of crime is more useful if a criminologist wanted to study a broader
subject of crime. Acts such as racism and sexism could be studied more effortlessly with this
definition than it would be with a legal definition of crime because these acts are violations of basic
human rights, which are accepted universally and do not vary of society to society.
In my view, the better definition is the human rights definition of crime because the human rights
definition of crime does not vary to society to society. If an act violates these human rights, a person
can be prosecuted no matter what country that individual is in.
2. According to the module, the problem of the relativity of crime refers to the fact that
criminologists recognize that crime is an inherently relative concept. The problem of the relativity
of crime is often shown in the fact that the specific kinds of behaviours that are defined as criminal
often vary over time and across different cultures. I refer to the historical example in the module
where Gwynn Nettler provides an example of the way in which definitions of crime changes over
time. Nettler refers to the mid 1930's where the prohibition law in the United States was repealed by
the twenty–first amendment in 1933, while at the same time the possession of gold in the United
States had been made illegal by law. She mentions that in March of 1993 two men could walk down
the street, one of them having a pint of whiskey

Essay on Criminology
Figuring out why people commit crimes is one of the central concerns of criminology. Do most
criminals act rationally after weighing the costs of crime? Is society ever to blame for an
individual to commit a crime? Do mental diseases or even genetics factor into whether a person
will live a life of crime. Over the years, many people have developed theories to try to answer these
questions. In fact, the number of theories of why people commit crimes sometimes seems to equal
the number of criminologists. I explore these questions and much more in the paper that follow.
The foundation of classical criminology is its central belief that individual criminals engage in a
process of rational decision making in choosing how to commit crime...show more content...
As a part of this relationship individuals gave up some of their liberties in the interest of the common
good, with the purpose of the law being to ensure that these common interests were met. For
Beccaria, this meant that the law should be limited and written down so that people could make
decisions on how to behave. More importantly, punishment was to п¬Ѓt the crime not the individual
and was to be certain and swift (Williams & McShane, 2010). Offenders were to be seen as
reasonable people with the same capacity for resisting offending behavior as non–offenders. The
guiding principle of the criminal justice process was the presumption of innocence; and in this
general framework punishment was to be seen as a deterrent to criminal behavior. The central
concern of the law and the criminal justice process was therefore the prevention of crime through
this deterrent function.
Bentham's concern was upon utilitarianism which assumes the greatest happiness for the greatest
numbers. He believes that individuals weigh the probabilities of present and future pleasures against
those of present and future pain (Postema, 1998).
It should be noted however that the classical school of thought has had an enduring inп¬‚uence as
many legal systems are built on some of its key precepts. The idea of intent for example, emphasizes
the importance of the state of mind of the individual and their capacity for making choices. Notions
of proportionality in relation to punishment are

What Is Criminology?
Criminology is defined as the scientific study of the nature, causes, and the rate of crime, the
punishment and rehabilitation of offenders, and the prevention of crime. The important factors to
determine if criminal acts are realistically thought out before being committed, if society plays a role
in the crime, and what drives the individual to live a life of crime. Over time, many individuals have
developed theories as to why crimes are committed but before you can understand criminology and
its purpose, you must have an understanding of crime. Crime can be defined as an intentional act or
omission in violation of criminal law, committed without defense or justification, and sanctioned by
the state as a felony or misdemeanor (Hendrix, 2014,...show more content...
People are given the ability to choose between right and wrong. By having an understanding of
crime, you have the ability to determine if criminal acts are rationally thought out before being
committed, if society plays a role in crime, and what issues lead an individual to live a life of crime.
The term criminology was first defined by an Italian Law Professor in 1885, who used the word
'criminologia.' Since then the word was changed to the term 'criminologie.' In the end it became
known to the modern version of 'criminology'. Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding
delinquency and crime such as social phenomena. It includes the process of making laws, of
breaking laws, and of reacting towards the breaking of laws. It is aimed at finding the connection
between crime and the characteristics of the offender or their environment.
Classical criminology is where individuals who commit crime participate in a process of decision
making when deciding how to commit crime (Williams & McShane, 2010). This is based on the
assumptions that individuals have the right to free will and are guided by the intensification of
pleasure and the minimization of pain. These assumptions are important in that they take away the
attention from punishing an individual's social or physical characteristics, and push it towards
punishing their offensive

Criminology And Sociology And Criminology
Where the Two Meet
Criminology is where criminal justice and Sociology meet and come together. Sociology is a social
science where the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society happen.
Criminology is also a social science that studies crime and criminal behavior. Sociologists, by
studying society and relationships, are able to determine the thoughts and actions of individuals or
criminals. Each science can relate to other sciences and Criminology relates to Psychology, Sociology
and more. Sociology and Criminology both contribute to society. Every day were faced with new
and bigger issues and as Sociologists, it is up to them to understand why and figure out the issues at
hand and how to deal with them....show more content...
Another social issue that is a problem with in society today would be opinions. People are
allowed to have a difference of opinion. We are all able to believe different and not think the same
and still live in harmony. There needs to be an understanding and respect in difference of opinions.
On the other hand, Criminology is about the crime and criminals in society. It involves law
enforcement and the criminal justice system. Criminal justice and Criminology are related fields,
but are not the same things. Criminal justice focuses more on upholding social control and
Criminology is the study of the crimes and criminals. Whereas, both are just as important.
Criminology, with the help of other social sciences, go deep within the criminal and the crime to
get to the bottom of what they are thinking, what has made them do it, why they did it, what is
next, and also how to stop it and how to prevent it from happening again. Criminology also deals
with issues in the field. Some of these issues involving Criminology might be, capital punishment,
what is illegal and what is not, sentencing, maintaining social order, is Criminology gender blind,
who makes criminal law, does crime pay, if so what and to who and the list continues. As you begin
researching and asking yourself these questions, you become aware of all the

Pursuing A Degree In Criminology Essay
My ambition has always been to work in Criminology. I am applying for this course as crime,
criminal justice, law and the psychology behind why people commit crimes has interested me since
early childhood. Working within criminology requires a wide range of skills that include dedication,
reliability, concentration and the ability to remain professional and I believe that I posses these skills.
Growing up I would watch documentaries, TV shows and read books about crime and the criminals
behind the crimes. These helped demonstrate to me some of the reasons why people may commit
their crimes, along with the different punishments that are given and how the legal system works.
From a young age I have been fascinated with how these crimes are...show more content...
I believe the skills I gained from this placement will benefit me in this course. I was able to utilise
my skills in time keeping, communication and teamwork whilst proving my dedication and
hard–working nature. I formed a strong caring relationship with residents and worked with them as
individuals and as part of a group in order for them to feel comfortable and to help trigger past
memories. This improved my confidence, motivated me and made me realise that in the future I
want to help and protect people and the society in which we all live in. I believe attending
placements in Criminology will help me to do this and will aid my ambition and desire to go into the
Police Force or into Forensic Psychology in the future.
I am a hardworking and dedicated student. I take pride in my work and show commitment at all
times which I believe is important as it will help me achieve my goals and complete this course. I
find learning new things exciting and I believe that I would be a good student in Criminology.
Once I have completed this degree, I would like to complete a master's degree in Criminology and
criminal psychology or forensic psychology in order to increase my psychological knowledge in
policing and

Conflict Criminology
Conflict criminology is the view that human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict and
believe that those who retain social power will use it to further their own ends. Conflict criminology
is all about inequality in society. It suggests that our laws and our norms reflect the interests of
influential members of society. Conflict criminologist hold to the belief that social order is
maintained through competition and conflict, and the 'winners' are those with the most power and
the greatest economic and social resources, benefit by taking advantage of the 'losers.' Radical
criminology is many times referred to as left or neo– marxist. They represent an abundance of voices
and see society as a system. Radical criminology is based on...show more content...
Peacemaking criminology does not base itself on retribution and punishment. Peacemaking
criminology bases its principles from the religious, humanist, critical, and feminist traditions.
Peacemaking emphasizes conflict resolution, rehabilitation, restorative justice, and a belief that
people must cooperate in democratic institutions in order to develop steadfast communities. The
peace perspective emphasizes social justice so crime is never excused. Peacemaking criminology
argue that crime is connected to human suffering and believes for crime to stop we first must end
suffering. The postmodern theory is a theoretical approach that attacks modernity or scientific
rationality. Postmodern criminology holds to the theory that crime is the result of the social
interactions in an area. I've noticed that conflict criminology is considerably more general than
radical criminology. Conflict criminology takes a different approach since it is based on a
"labelling" definition of crime; crime is whatever the agencies of the criminal justice system state
crime to be. Radical criminology appears to be directionless while peacemaking criminology is very
methodically in their approach to crime. Postmodern criminology is in direct conflict with the more
Marxism theory of radical criminology. " By expanding upon theories that have already been
created, it is possible for individuals to evolve the beliefs more and hopefully get closer to the truth
of identifying how a criminal is created and what effects this has on individuals and the society

Criminology
Emeline Fotofili (300273650) (Bradley & Walters, 2011) (Siegal, 2010) (McLaughlin &
Muncie, 2005)
Criminology 211 Essay
This essay topic consists of two main components. The first requires you to demonstrate your
knowledge of and a familiarity with the theory/perspective and the second requires you to
demonstrate an understanding of its application (in either policy or practice) and the impact of its
application.
i) Briefly identify the main features and concepts of radical criminology. ii) Critically discuss the
ways in which the various radical perspectives challenge existing ideas about crime and justice.
Radical criminology made its appearance on the criminological and sociological field...show more
content...
Beccaria believed in the concept of utilitarianism – 'that people's behaviour was motivated by the
pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain' (Siegal, 2010). Although they share a similar type of
voluntaristic view on crime as a conscious choice, radical researchers do not highlight any potential
rewards received from criminal offenses and they did not threaten to control criminal activity with
public or severe punishment. This is because classicism concentrated on the human causation of
crime and the criminal, whereas radicals directed attention to the laws that bounded citizens and
who would benefit from them. This is the first barrier the labeling theory puts up in terms of
agreeing on what actually determines crimes, human nature or the laws governing bodies created in
protection of property and wealth. However, it also shares a similar component of the labeling
process and that is the stigmatization offenders go through as a result of committing the crime or
becoming deviant. Labeling and radical theorists felt the justice system that belonged to this era was
very violent and that the solution to crime was to create a more equitable society and disregard
status degradation ceremonies, instead of 'scaring people into obedience' (Siegal, 2010).
Classicism was not the only criminological

Relationship Between Crime And Criminology
INTRODUCTION
Criminology is the study of crime from a social perspective: the causes of crime, the social impact
of crime, and the criminals involved in the crime. Criminologists study criminology in an attempt to
better understand what motivates the criminal to act in a criminal manner. The criminal law is a
kind of law that controls the offense committed against society. Criminal law should be
distinguished from the civil law. For example, if someone is stealing, then the criminal law will be
used to control or manage the thief. Investigations, arrests and indictments will be made in
accordance with the criminal law. The offense is controlled by the criminal law because the offense
of theft is considered as an offense against society.
What is Criminology?
Crime is a social and economic phenomenon in society. The...show more content...
Both disciplines meet at the focus of crime, for example behavior liable to punishment. But while,
one of the primary tasks of criminal law is to be define that which is punishable under existing law,
criminology on the other hand concerns itself with the criminal acts and the human beings who
infringe the criminal code, and with the environment of these persons. This contrast is due to a
certain simplification which ignores the mutual dependence between criminal law and criminology.
Even though criminology in principle is a descriptive, empirical and non–normative science, the
subject of its investigations cannot be defined without criteria that rest upon social evaluations.
Empirical studies of criminology should always be based upon the existing legal definitions of the
concept of criminality if a well–defined and controllable mass of knowledge is to be obtained. This
does not imply, however, that the field of criminology can be defined simply on the basis of the
legal concept of crime. This concept is not constant from time to time from place to

Essay about Criminological Theories
There are many different aspects of criminal justice policy. One in particular is the different theories
of crime and how they affect the criminal justice system. The Classical School of criminology is a
theory about evolving from a capital punishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing
people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior.
They did this through three different categories of Biological studies, which are five methodologies
of crime that were mainly focused on biological theories, Psychological theories, which contains four
separate theories, and the Sociological theories, which also includes four different methods of
explaining why crime exists. The last theory is...show more content...
Prisons for example, are a dominant sense of making the country feel safer because the criminals
are being locked up. Also, the death penalty can be a form of deterrence towards other criminals
because they are able to see what is happening to other criminals that commit the same types of
crimes. Whether or not this does deter criminals from committing crimes is another story.
The Positivist School of criminology began in the late 19th century and is still a part of society
today. The Positivist School suggests that in order to control crime, you have to use scientific
methods to look for the causes of crime. Some important developments the theory included were
controlling human behavior, controlling criminal behavior, industrial revolutions, the emergence of
modern science, and finally Darwin's theory of evolution. Many assumptions had been made, but a
few in particular stood out to be the most important. Theorists said that human nature is determined
before you are even born. Also that it is differentiated which means that criminals are different from
non–criminals. The five methodologies are based on biological characteristics that may cause the
criminals to commit the crimes they based on certain characteristics. The first method is
physiognomy. This judges character by facial features as well as physical features. It can be traced
back to Ancient Greece and Rome. The second is

Criminological Perspectives
Every day I enter the gates of a prison, sign out my keys, walk to my office and start my day. The
first thing I do is log on to my computer, check my work email and then start inputting the details of
last night's new arrivals into our database. I stop pause and then wonder how, why, what makes a
person commit a crime. Many crimes are committed throughout the world. There are several factors
that instinctively contribute to one's misconduct which can be explained by criminological theories.
There are many core arguments of the criminological perspectives. These theories may help us to
understand the problem. In this essay I will describe the criminological perspectives of Trait
(biological/psychological), Social (structure/process), and Classical/Choice (deterrence) while
addressing each of their core arguments; I will support an argument for which of the two sentencing
models (determinate or indeterminate) is most likely to be effective at addressing crime from each
of the three perspectives; and I will discuss...show more content...
This theory also implies that the skills to commit crime are influenced by the people they
associate with (Akers, 2012). The social process theory is based on the controls that society
places on individuals through various institutions such as schools, workplaces, churches, and
families are the causation for crime (Siegel & Welsh, 2014). This theory basically states that the
reason people commit a crime is because of their environment. Crime is committed because of
need and not due to a birth defect. This is much like a recent story I read on Facebook, where a
teenage home intruder was shot and killed. His family instead of admitting that the teenager was
wrong blamed the hard working person who shot him for the teen's mistake. This is a great example
social

Criminology
Why Is Criminology Important?
In this essay, I we be discussing the importance criminology has on the criminal justice system,
criminology involves conducting research and studying social and physical factors of why people
commit crimes and end up in our prisons. criminologists work is important as their work aids in
developing a society that is less prone to acts of criminality and deviance, protecting society. My
primary focus will be on why we have prisons, looking at the type of people we find in them, what
may cause them to end up there. Following up with how criminologists respond to the obvious
problems. I will be supporting my answer by providing statistics and presenting criminological
theories throughout.
As of December 2017,...show more content...
This behavior towards a minority is also linked to the reason many of them end up within the prisons.
There is still a high presence of racism within society, members of the black community are
constantly put under the strains of societies negative perception of them. In 1938 Robert K. Merton
created the criminological strain theory, this theory focuses on delinquency of the lower class,
including the black community. Merton (1938) theory can be used to argue that through the
mistreating black people suffer within society this manner lessens their feel of personal values, these
negative emotions that are created influences strains upon the person which suggests the reasoning's
for a crime to be committed. The idea that if you perform how people already believe you do as a
form of conformity to their beliefs. Although this theory is declining in popularity with many
criminologists as it is unable to explain why those who are put through the same strains don't lead to
preforming crimes (Newburn, 2017).
Criminologists also analyse the social backgrounds and childhood experiences of criminals this is
important as suggesting reasons why crimes may be committed allows crime prediction and
prevention especially in the future. After thorough research criminologists are also able to predict
patterns in family backgrounds linking to

Essay on Criminology in the Future
CRIMINOLOGY IN THE FUTURE
1
Criminology in the Future
As the world changes, people change, new technology advances, and so does crime. Criminals look
for new ways to commit crime and the "loop holes" in the laws. The justice system needs to stay on
top of these new technologies to protect the people.
With the advancement of technology, law officials have to follow the rules of law. Law Enforcement
must keep these "liberties" in mind when fighting cybercrime. The Bill of Rights guarantees "civil
liberties" to Americans. These include the freedom of speech, right to assemble and freedom of
religion, the 1st Amendment right.
The 5th Amendment protects Americans from self–incrimination, due process, double jeopardy on
capital...show more content...
Future criminology is the study of likely futures as they relate to crime and its control, and futurists
working in the area of criminology try to imagine how crime will look in both the near and distant
future. Futurists make assumptions about the future so they can plan, prepare, and prevent crime.
According to Criminology Today, in 2002,Police Futurists Internationalist joined the FBI to create
the Futures Working Group, whose aim is to develop and encourage others to develop forecasts and
strategies to maximize ethically the effectiveness of local, state, federal, and international law
enforcement bodies as they strive to maintain peace and security in the 21st century. A report by the
increasing effects of globalization would lead to a world of new crimes, like energy smuggling and
produce conditions. They stated that the Internet was very influential in shaping the future of the
social world. The boundaries between criminal syndicated, terrorists groups, andgangs will continue
to disappear. Electronic and philosophical ones will replace physical boundaries as individuals
discover new virtual communities (Criminology Today, p. 421).
In the United Kingdom, Foresight Crime Prevention Program, led by the government, bring people
knowledge and ideas to look ahead and prepare for the future (Criminology Today, p. 422).
According to Criminology today social characteristics will affect the future crimes throughout the
world. More people

Criminological Research Essay
Criminological research is known to be the foundation of criminological theory. In order for
criminologist to effectively study crime, they must have the ability to collect criminal data and
carefully analyze it in order to study it from a social perspective. The data that that is gathered by
criminologist is used as an attempt to help them get a better understanding on what motivates a
criminal to act in a criminal manner. By studying crime and criminal data, criminologist have the
ability to get to the root of the crime and come up with effective ways to eliminate it. They are also
known to find associations between crimes that are committed, the criminal who committed the
crime, and how the law defines the crime.
"Measuring crime has always been one of the most difп¬Ѓcult challenges facing criminal justice
researchers." (Maxfield, 1999) Criminologist feel that public information about crime is not very
accurate because crime is both context and very time specific. When studying criminal data,
criminologist can face many hurdles because with criminal data there are individuals who frequently
commit crimes, but unfortunately they are never caught, whereas there are some criminals who
commit their first offense and are arrested for it. As a result of this issue, arrest records don't always
reflect an...show more content...
There are various crime data sources that are available to them, however the two major sources
commonly used in the United States are the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the (UCR) and the
National Incident–Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Both of these reporting systems are popular
amongst criminologist today and they play a crucial role in studying crime. Throughout this paper I
will briefly describe each of these data sources and the role that they have in studying crime. I
would also do a comparison on their procedures and

Criminology Career Research Paper
The occupation that I chose to do my culminating project on was criminology. There are many
reasons as to why I have chosen this topic, but two that stand out are the facts that criminology was
the closest career that I could find on both myBlueprint and Career Cruising to Forensic Phycology,
and that the job description such as talking to victims and suspects to gather information intrigued
me. I have always been interested in the criminal justice system, thus, this occupation really stood
out to me. Watching over children has made me very observant and my need to have things
perfectly arranged shows how very detail–oriented I truly am, skills that a Criminologist also needs.
Based on the personal inventories we did I am a helper, someone...show more content...
Thinking back to the beginning of this course, I remember not knowing what I wanted to be
when I left High school, due to the abundance of careers I wanted to get into. After looking at a
magnitude of careers and exploring my skills through various personality quizzes, I learned that
not every job is best suited for me and it has greatly helped me limit and zone in on my choices.
Through programs such as myBlueprint and career cruising, I was able to identify my skills
along with my strengths and weaknesses so that I had a better understanding of what field I
should go into. For example, when I learned that I was interpersonal and that I am an INFP
(introversion, intuition, feeling, perceiving) individual, it helped me realize that I wanted to go
into the social sciences so that I can help people out. It is one of the reasons as to why I decided to
do my culminating research on criminology. The What Am I booklets gave me a vague idea of
what type of person I was and by doing do I was able to eliminate the careers that fell into the other
categories. For example, since I'm Helper–Thinker, I was able to rule out jobs such as Electrician
and Lawyer because they didn't fall under this category and most likely wouldn't be suitable for an
individual like myself. Likewise, the multiple and different skills and personality quizzes that we
did helped us find jobs that would work well with our

Why I Want To Pursue A Degree In Criminology
Sociology enables us to understand the different aspects of society; society plays a crucial part in
our lives, looking at people's personalities, gaining a deeper comprehension and understanding how
society works is something which I'm fascinated by. I'm interested in topics such as government
policy, education, crime and culture. Combined with sociology, criminology particularly captured my
attention. The in–depth focus on criminality and the criminal justice processes; after doing some of
my own research, I looked at the UK and US criminal justice system and noticed the difference
within our systems. I have decided to combine my two interests in these and topics and pursue a
degree in Sociology and Criminology at university.
Studying A–Level

Criminology Theories
"Criminology" is the study of crime from a social perspective by researching the nature and
management of crime and the social impact of crime on society involving the causes and
consequences behind the matter. This is a generalised explanation of what "Criminology" involves
as it is too difficult to create an exact definition because the topic is so complex from continuous
growing historical roots and evolving theories which will be explored within the main body of this
essay. It is said by Sutherland (1939), that Criminology is made up by "three great tributaries: The
study of crime, the study of those who commit crime and the study of the criminal justice and penal
systems". Criminologists study this topic in an attempt to gain a...show more content...
The main idea behind their work was that punishment would only work efficiently if it's severity was
proportionate to the offence committed. Beccaria and Bentham kept the interest of society in mind
in the regard that whatever was introduced as a restraint towards criminal behaviour should have a
clear aim of emitting the greatest happiness to the largest possible number of people in terms of
solace and serenity.
The second school of thought "Positivist Criminology" became apparent after the ideas about
criminals and punishment were created from the first. Like "Classical", the positivist idea had a
theory of utilitarianism but instead philosophers within this school applied a scientific method to
study criminal behaviour based upon external factors. The primary idea behind positivism is that
criminals are born into their category due to their nature and are not made into criminals. The
theory is split into three segments that cover a substantial body of verified principles of knowledge
such as: biological, psychological and social positivism in an attempt to understand criminal
behaviour and "Criminology's" purpose. All three express the same outcome on how rehabilitation
for the offender should fit for their needs individually instead of as a whole.
"Ceasare Lombroso", an Italian

Exploring Criminology Through Essays

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