1. 75SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832, (Print), E- ISSN- 2320-5474, Aug-Oct, 2013 ( Combind ) VOL –V * ISSUE – 55-57
tkWu fMoh ds vuqlkj & ßf'k{kk&n'kZu ledkyhu lkekftd
thou dh leL;kvksa ds fo"k; esa lgh ekufld vkSj uSfrd
vfHko`fÙk;ksa ds fuekZ.k dh leL;kvksa ls lEcfU/kr gSA n'kZu dh
lcls vf/kd O;kid ifjHkk"kk tks nh tk ldrh gS] ;g gS fd
og vf/kdre lkekU; :i esa f'k{kk dk fl)kUr gSAÞ1
bl Ádkj
f'k{kd f'k{kk&n'kZu ls f'k{k.k fl)kUr ÁkIr djrk gSA f'k{k.k
Á.kkfy;ksa dk Hkh f'k{kd ds f'k{kk&n'kZu ls ?kfu"B lEcU/k gSaA
Lisalj ds vuqlkj dsoy ,d lPpk nk'kZfud gh f'k{kk dks
O;kogkfjd :i ns ldrk gSA og fo|kÆFk;ksa ls dSls O;ogkj
djrk gS] mUgsa viuh ckr dSls le>krk gS] ;g bl ckr ij
fuHkZj djrk gS fd f'k{kkFkÊ mlds fy, D;k gSaA fofHké nk'kZfud
O;oLFkkvksa esa ekuo çÑfr dh fHké&fHké O;k[;k dh xbZ gSA
vLrq] f'k{kd dk f'k{kk&n'kZu f'k{k.k ç.kkyh ds çfr mldh
vfHko`fÙk fu/kkZfjr djrk gSA cVsaªy jly ds 'kCnksa esa &
ßn'kZu'kkL= dk v/;;u ç'uksa ds lqfuf'pr mÙkj çkIr
djus ds fy, ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,] cfYd Lo;a ç'uksa ds
fy, fd;k tkuk pkfg,( D;ksafd ;s ç'u laHkkoukvksa dh gekjh
vo/kkj.kk dks O;kid cukrs gSa] gekjh ckSf)d dYiuk dks le`)
djrs gSa vkSj gBoknh lqfuf'prrk dks de djrs gSa] D;ksafd
fo'o dh egkurk ftl ij n'kZu fopkj djrk gS] efLr"d
dks Hkh egku vkSj fo'o ls ,dhdj.k ds ;ksX; cuk nsrh gS
tks mlds loksZPp 'kqHk dk fuekZ.k djrk gSAÞ2
f'k{kd ds fy, f'k{kk&n'kZu dk lcls cM+k ;ksxnku
f'k{kk ds y{;ksa vkSj vkn'kks± dks ysdj gSA f'k{kk&n'kZu dks
vkRelkr~ fd;s fcuk v/;kiu ds dk;Z esa f'k{kd dk dksbZ
ç;kstu ugha gksxkA pkgs ge orZeku f'k{kk esa foKku ds ;ksxnku
dh fdruh Hkh ç'kalk D;ksa u djsa] ;g dk;Z foKku ds }kjk
laHko ugha gSA okLro esa orZeku foKku dsoy lk/ku nsrk gS]
tcfd lk/; n'kZu 'kkL= ls feyrs gSaA tkWu fMoh ds 'kCnksa
esa] ßn'kZu dk ljksdkj f'k{kk ds y{;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k gS] tcfd
f'k{kk dk foKku bLrseky fd;s tkus okys lk/kuksa dks fu/kkZfjr
djrk gSAÞ3
f'k{kk&n'kZu f'k{kk ds ikB~;Øe dks fu/kkZfjr djus esa
f'k{kd dh lgk;rk djrk gSA nk'kZfud dh O;k[;k djrs gq,
IysVks us dgk Fkk & ßog tks fd çR;sd çdkj ds Kku esa #fp
j[krk gS vkSj tks fd lh[kus ds fy, ftKklq gSa vkSj dHkh Hkh
larq"V ugha gS] mls gh nk'kZfud dguk U;k;ksfpr gSAÞ n'kZu'kkL=
f'k{kk dh ifjfLFkfr dks lEiw.kZ :i esa ns[krk gSA mldk
n`f"Vdks.k lok±x gSA ,ñ,eñ 'ysftaxj us Bhd gh dgk gS &
ßgesa vfuok;Z :i ls ,d le`) HkkokRed thou dh vko';drk
gS ftlesa O;fä vkSj leqnk; esa okLrfod lEcU/kksa dh çfrNk;k
gksAÞ4
orZeku dky esa fo'o esa iwoZ vkSj if'pe ds nks fHké
n`f"Vdks.k fn[kykbZ iM+rs gSaA ;s nks fHké lkaLÑfrd n`f"Vdks.k]
nks fHké thou n'kZu mifLFkr djrs gSaA ekuo tkfr us fofHké
ns'kdky esa ekuo ds fy, mi;qä thou dh [kkst esa vusd
ç;ksx fd;s gSaA vk/kqfud euq"; dks pkfg, fd og fofHké
laLÑfr;ksa dh cqf)eÙkkvksa dk leUo; djsA vkn'kZ f'k{kd dks
iwoZ vkSj if'pe] n'kZu vkSj foKku dk leUo; djuk pkfg,A
bl leUo;kRed n`f"Vdks.k dks Li"V djrs gq, lekt'kkL=h
dsoy eksVokuh us dgk gS & ßvc Hkkjro"kZ esa vR;f/kd fHké
fopkj/kkjkvksa vkSj ewY;ksa dks fy;s gq, nks çdkj dh laLÑfr;k¡
vkeus&lkeus vk;h gSa vkSj ?kkrd la?k"kZ esa yxh gSaA Hkkjr]
mldh xzkeh.k] Ñf"k ç/kku] gLrdyk ç/kku] laLÑfr] thou
ds çfr leUo;kRed n`f"Vdks.k] xq.kkRed ewY;ksa vkSj O;fä dh
fof'k"Vrk] /keZ rFkk vkRekjksfir fu/kZurk ij tksj] lkekftd
leUo;] ,d vkRexr O;kid jk"Vªh;rk] euq"; vkSj ljdkjh
;U= ij tksj] /kkfeZd vuqHko vkSj mldh vfHkO;fä ds thou
esa 'kkfUr ds }kjk 'kfä çkIr djus ij tksj nsrs gq, ,d ,slh
laLÑfr ds lkeus [kM+k gS tks fd ;U= vkSj foKku] 'kgjh vkSj
vkS|ksfxd O;oLFkk] thou dk fo'ys"k.kRed n`f"Vdks.k] Luk;fod
jksxksa vkSj vO;oLFkkvksa ij tksj] cM+s iSekus ij mRiknu]
ek=kxr ewY;] vfLrRo ds fy, la?k"kZ vkSj ;ksX;re ds fy,
fot; ds fy, lEifÙk dk ,dhdj.k vkSj vkfFkZd lkezkT;okn]
vkØked vkSj vgadkjh jk"Vªokn] tura= vkSj rkuk'kkgh dks
fy, gq, gSaA Hkkjr us VqdM+ksa dh ugha cfYd iw.kZ dh >kadh dh
[kkst dh gSA og dsoy vkthfodk ds fy, thou esa #fp ugha
j[krk gSA mlus nk'kZfud fopkj dk leUo; fd;k gS( og
mi;ksfxrk ek= ds fy, ugha cfYd lkSUn;Z vkSj xkSjo ds fy,
[kM+k jgk gSA fdUrq vktdy ;U= vkSj foKku dh laLÑfr
Aug- Oct ,2013
lkjk'ka %& çLrqr ys[k esa f'k{kd ds f'k{kk&n'kZu ls ?kfu"B lEcU/k ij fopkj fd;k x;k gSA ,d f'k{kd ds fy, n'kZu 'kkL= dh vko';drk
u dsoy vkn'kks±] y{;ksa vkSj ikB~;Øe dks fu/kkZfjr djus esa gS] cfYd f'k{kk ds O;ogkj ds fuR; çfr ds dk;ZØe esa gSaA

2. 76
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832, (Print), E- ISSN- 2320-5474, Aug-Oct, 2013 ( Combind ) VOL –V * ISSUE – 55-57
us Hkkjr ij f'kdUtk dl fy;k gS vkSj og /khjs&/khjs mldh
vkRek esa ços'k djrk tk jgk gSAÞ5
bl çdkj çks|ksfxdh ls HkkjkØkUr tfVy vk/kqfud
lH;rk ls ekuo ds ccZjrk dh vksj ykSV tkus dk [krjk mRié
gks x;k gSA vkt euq"; dks vk.kfod ;qx vkSj m|ksxokn ls
mRié leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA lc dgha
vO;oLFkk vkSj grk'kk fn[kykbZ iM+rh gSA lc vksj ls
leL;kvksa ds lqy>ko mifLFkr fd;s tkrs gSaA foKku vkSj
vUrjkZ"Vªh; dkuwu vlgk; fn[kykbZ iM+rs gSaA ,sls le; esa
fopkj'khy O;fä] /keZ] uSfrdrk vkSj vk/;kfRedrk dh vksj
ns[k jgs gSaA tSlk fd gkbuheSu us dgk gS & ßgekjs lkeus tks
fodYi gS] og bl çdkj gS % ;k rks efLr"d dh 'kfä lekIr
gks] ekuo dk iru gks] mldh ckSf)d vkSj vk/;kfRed fØ;k
esa fxjkoV vk;s tks fd vf/kdkf/kd ;U=or gks jgh gSa vkSj
vUr esa vR;f/kd dsUæhÑr fu;a=.k okys u;s rkuk'kkgh ç'kklu
dh nklrk dh LFkkiuk gks( vFkok ,d vk/;kfRed ØkfUr gks(
ekuo bl rF; dh vksj tkxs fd vUr esa og vlhe vk/;kfRed
'kfä;ksa okyk ,d vk/;kfRed çk.kh gS( vkSj viuh Lora=rk
dh j{kk djus vkSj rFkkdfFkr foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh çxfr
dks ,d tura=h; O;oLFkk esa uSfrd vkSj vk/;kfRed y{; ds
v/khu djus dk dBksj fu.kZ; djsaAÞ6
vLrq] f'k{kd ds fy, lcls cM+h vko';drk mldk
f'k{kk&n'kZu gSA lkaLÑfrd vFkok fdlh Hkh vU; çdkj dh
,dkafxrk dk ,d ek= mipkj nk'kZfud n`f"Vdks.k gSA ;g
nk'kZfud n`f"Vdks.k mlds lok±x :i esa Jh vjfoUn ds bu
'kCnksa esa mifLFkr fd;k x;k gS ßân; vkSj efLr"d lkoZHkkSe
nsork gSa vkSj u rks ân; ds fcuk efLr"d vkSj u efLr"d ds
fcuk ân; ekuo vkn'kZ gks ldrk gSAÞ7
f'k{kk&n'kZu dh vogsyuk ds fo#) psrkouh nsrs gq, jLd
us dgk gS & ßtks v/;kid ;g eku ysrs gSa fd os n'kZu dh
vogsyuk dj ldrs gSa os viuh vogsyuk dk ewY; pqdkrs
gSa] D;ksafd muds ç;klksa esa leUo;dkjh rÙo ds vHkko ds dkj.k
os çHkkoghu gks tkrs gSaAÞ8
n'kZu 'kkL= dh vko';drk u dsoy vkn'kks±] y{;ksa vkSj
ikB~;Øe dks fu/kkZfjr djus esa gS] cfYd f'k{kk ds O;ogkj ds
fuR; çfr ds dk;ZØe esa gSaA ,Myj ds 'kCnksa esa & ßbl çdkj
ge ;g ns[kuk 'kq# djrs gSa fd u dsoy f'k{kk&n'kZu dk fof'k"V
{ks=] ç'uksa dk mÙkj nsrs gq, foKku }kjk vuqÙkjh; gS] cfYd
f'k{kk&n'kZu dh vko';drk gS D;ksafd mlds fcuk ekSfyd ,oe~
O;ogkfjd fl)kUrksa dk fuf'pr fu.kZ; lEHko ugha gS] tks fd
'kSf{kd O;ogkj ds fuR; çfr dh uhfr;ksa ds vUrxZr gksrk gSA9
vUr esa f'k{kd dks u dsoy ,d Bksl f'k{kk&n'kZu pkfg,]
cfYd mls f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa esa Hkh nk'kZfud n`f"Vdks.k dk foLrkj
djuk pkfg,A dsñ,yñ Jhekyh ds 'kCnksa esa & ßbl çdkj u
dsoy f'k{kd dks ,d f'k{kk&n'kZu j[kuk pkfg,] mls vius
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ,d thou n'kZu fodflr djus ds fy, Hkh rS;kj
gksuk pkfg,A10
f'k{kd f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa dks tkudkjh vkSj Kku çnku
djrk gS fdUrq mldh O;fäxr Nki mlds thou n'kZu ds
:i esa gh iM+rh gSA egku f'k{kdksa us lalkj dks tkudkjh ugha
cfYd thou n'kZu çnku fd;s gSaA
1. Dewey John, Democracy and Education, p. 386.
2. Russell Bertrand, The Problem of Philosophy, p. 249-50
3. Dewey John, In Sources of Science of Education, p. 38.
4. Schlezinger A.M., The Politics of Freedom, 1950, p.237.
5. Motwani, Kewal, Sociology, University of Madras Journal, July, p. 189-190.
6. Heinemann F.H., Hibbert Journal, October, 1957, p. 46.
7. Sri Aurobindo, Views and Reviews, p. 3.
8. Rusk R.R., Philosophical Bases of Education, p.9
9. Adler-In Defence of the Philosophy of Education, 41st Year Book of the National Society for the Study of Education, p. 206.
10. Shrimali K.L. Better Teacher Education, Ministry of Education, Govt. of India, 1954, p. 2.