health care system in pakistan

1. 1
Subject :
Basic and clinical
pharmacology
Presented :
komal zulfiqar

3. ⦁ The World Health Organization (WHO)
defined health in its broader sense in its 1948
constitution as
⦁ "a state of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity”
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4. “The science and art of preventing diseases,
prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency
through organized community efforts for
the sanitation of the environment, the control of
communicable infections, the education of the
individual in personal hygiene, organization of
medical and nursing services for early diagnosis and
preventive treatment of the disease development of
social machinery to ensure for every individual a
standard of living adequate for maintenance of
health, so organizing these benefits as to enable
every citizen to realize his birth right to health and
longevity.”

5. 5
:
⦁ Health Promotion
⦁ Disease Prevention
⦁ Delivering treatments.
⦁ Conducting field activities.
⦁ Conducting school Health Program.

6. To get knowledge about public oral
health,Preventive dentistry
Public oral health problems :relating
to Nutrition,environment & their role
in health.
Conducting oral health survey
,oral
health education etc

7.  General Dentistry
•Focus is on treatment
• Patients are individual and
Families
•Diagnosis:Physical
 examination and test
• T
reatment:Medication,
surgery and therapy
 Public Health Dentistry
•Focus is on Prevention
• Patients are Families,
Community and entire population
•Diagnosis:Epidemiological
 Studies
T
reatment:Health Education,
clinical services,preventive
Programmes

8. • Oral Infectious diseases such as Dental Caries and
oral cancer would be more prevalent
• People would be ill from preventable Oral diseases.
• More children would be suffering from dental
caries.
• More youth and adults would be smoking or
abusing drugs and alcohol
• Ultimately economy of nation will go down.
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10. 10
System:
“An organized, purposeful structure that consist of
interrelated and interdependent elements (components,
entities, factors, members, parts etc). These elements
continually influence one another (directly or indirectly) to
maintain their activity and the existence of the system, in
order to achieve the goal of the system”.
Health System:
“ A health system consists of all organizations, people and
actions, whose purpose is to promote, restore and
maintain health. The domain of health system should be
broaden and include inter-sectoral action” WHO

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Leadership and
Governance
Health Financing
Health Information
systems
Human Resource for
Health
Logistics andT
echnology
Service delivery

13. 13
Total population: 184.5 million (193.2 million in 2016)
Pakistan is now sixth most populous country
Life expectancy is for male: 64.6y and female: 66.5y
Estimate as per census of 2017- 220 million

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• Maternal Mortality rate: 170/100,000 live births
• Neonatal mortality rate: 42/1000 live births
• Infant Mortality rate: 62/1000 live births

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Health Systems

16. Patient
Health Professional
16
Doctor Pharmacist HealthWorker
Health Providers Don’t J
ust
Appear From Nowhere,ReadyT
o
Heal
Patients Don’t Magically Find
Themselves In Hospitals

17. Health
System
A Mother Caring ForA
Sick ChildAt Home
Private Providers
Health Insurance Organizations Behavior Change Programmes
Vector-control Campaigns
Occupational HealthAnd Safety Legislation
Within Health Sector
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18. Education
Finance
Safety
Law
Transport
Information
Communication
Technology
Other Sectors
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19. 19
Health care system is the
organization of people,
institutions, and resources that
deliver health care services to
meet the health needs of target
populations.

20. 20
Pakistan’s Health Care System is
three- tiered

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T
R
A
D
I
T
I
O
N
A
L
M
O
D
E
R
N
P
R
I
V
A
T
E
P
U
B
L
I
C
SECONDARY
Clinics/Maternity homes
Tehsil Hospitals
Privately run clinics/hospitals
Non-formal health providers
PRIMARY
Dispensaries
MCHC/BHU/RHC
NGO/Community Groups
General practitioners
Non-formal health providers
TERTIARY
District Hospitals
Large urbanprivate hospitals

22. ⦁ Health care system is primarily the responsibility of provincial
government
⦁ Each provincial government has department of health, which
also regulate private health care providers
⦁ Survey 2005-06 indicates that 67.4% households in Pakistan
consult health providers in private sector when they have
health problem
⦁ Other providers are: hakim, homeopath, pharmaceutical, tabibs
⦁ Government sector is low cost. Outpatient department
have no consultant fee but patient has to pay for medicine
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23. 23
27%
73%
• Only 27 % of population enjoys full health care coverage
• 73% depend on out of pocket payments
• Government spend $246.9 billion on health care (WB)

24. Health delivery
services
1 - 2 Million population
50,000 – 1 Million Population
25 – 50,000 Population
10 – 25,000 Population
DISTRICT HQ HOSPITAL
(80-100 Beds)
TEHSIL HQ HOSPITAL
(40-50 Beds)
RURAL HEALTH
CLINICS (Extensive OPD;
10-20 Beds)
BASIC HEALTH UNITS
(Preventive & Curative;
mostly OPD)
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25. Pakistan has relatively large health care infrastructure
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Basic Health Units 5000
Rural Health Clinics 600
Other FLC facilities 7500
Primary health care services are supported
by the network of 989 secondary care
hospitals at district and tehsil level

26. • 919 hospitals
• 560 RHCs
• 5334 BHUs
• 4712 Dispensaries
• 905 MCH centers
• 288 TB centers
• 1,16,189 GPs
• 22,799 Specialists
• 9,193 Dental Surgeons
• 33,427 Nurses
• 7,073 LHVs
• 23,897 Midwives
• 95,000 LHWs
Pakistan Health System Profile, WHO EMRO Observatory 2007
Pakistan Medical and Dental Council, 31st Oct 2009.
National Programme for FP & PHC, 2008.

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