A 1:1000 scale model of the digital world
•
3 likes•1,137 views
The overwhelming success of online social networks, the key actors in the cosmos of the Web 2.0, has reshaped human interactions on a worldwide scale. To understand the fundamental mechanisms which determine the fate of online social networks at the system level, we describe the digital world as a complex ecosystem of interacting networks. In this paper, we discuss the impact of heterogeneity in network intrinsic fitnesses induced by the competition between an international network, like Facebook, and local services. To this end, we construct a 1:1000 scale model of the digital world enclosing the 80 countries with most Internet users. We show how inter-country social ties induce an increased intrinsic fitness of the international network. Under certain conditions this leads to the extinction of local networks whereas under different conditions local networks can persist and even dominate the international network completely. These findings provide new insights into the possibilities to preserve digital diversity.
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (16)
Similar to A 1:1000 scale model of the digital world
Similar to A 1:1000 scale model of the digital world (20)
More from Kolja Kleineberg
More from Kolja Kleineberg (8)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
A 1:1000 scale model of the digital world
- 2. When I was 13 years old...
- 3. Digital revolution We are the first generation of the
- 4. Information is the new oil
- 5. Information is the new oil and are the oilfields You
- 6. all digital services need Attention but our time is limited
- 7. The digital world forms a complex ECOSYSTEM with networks as competing species
- 9. Evolution and ecology of online social networks
- 10. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Evolution of isolated online social networks is governed by underlying social structure and two dynamical processes Online social network layer Traditional contact network layer Active Online & offline Passive Online & offline Susceptible Only offline 10
- 11. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Evolution of isolated online social networks is governed by underlying social structure and two dynamical processes Online social network layer Traditional contact network layer Active Online & offline Passive Online & offline Susceptible Only offline Mass media activation Viral activation Deactivation Viral reactivation Phys. Rev. X 4, 031046 10
- 12. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Digital ecosystem is formed by multiple networks competing for the attention of individuals OSN 2 OSN 1 Underl. network Active Passive Susceptible Partial states} 11
- 13. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Digital ecosystem is formed by multiple networks competing for the attention of individuals OSN 2 OSN 1 Underl. network Active Passive Susceptible Partial states} Virality share Distribution between OSNs λi = ωi(ρa)λ 11
- 14. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Digital ecosystem is formed by multiple networks competing for the attention of individuals OSN 2 OSN 1 Underl. network Active Passive Susceptible Partial states} Virality share Distribution between OSNs λi = ωi(ρa)λ Rich-get-richer more active networks obtain higher share 11
- 15. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Digital ecosystem is formed by multiple networks competing for the attention of individuals OSN 2 OSN 1 Underl. network Active Passive Susceptible Partial states} Virality share Distribution between OSNs λi = ωi(ρa)λ Rich-get-richer more active networks obtain higher share Here: ωi = [ρa i ]σ/ ∑ j[ρa j]σ σ: activity affinity 11
- 16. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Digital ecosystem is formed by multiple networks competing for the attention of individuals OSN 2 OSN 1 Underl. network Active Passive Susceptible Partial states} Virality share Distribution between OSNs λi = ωi(ρa)λ Rich-get-richer more active networks obtain higher share Here: ωi = [ρa i ]σ/ ∑ j[ρa j]σ σ: activity affinity Networks can coexist despite rich-get-richer mechanism. Sci. Rep. 5, 10268 • Tomorrow, 17:20, A5+A6 11
- 17. 1:1000 scale model of the digital world
- 18. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook World map of social networks: Facebook takes over and how can we explain it? Courtesy of Vincenzo Cosenza (www.vincos.it) 13
- 19. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Intercountry social ties lead to an increased intrinsic fitness of the international network Competition Competition Local network 1 Local network 2 Global network Competition Competition Local network 1 Local network 2 Global network Global network Frequency of intercountry social ties Coarse-grained coupling 14
- 20. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Intercountry social ties lead to an increased intrinsic fitness of the international network Competition Competition Local network 1 Local network 2 Global network Competition Competition Local network 1 Local network 2 Global network Global network Frequency of intercountry social ties Coarse-grained coupling Effective activity international network more attractive (intercountry ties) ˜ρa i,int = ρa i,int + α ∑ j̸=i Ωijρa j,int 14
- 21. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Intercountry social ties lead to an increased intrinsic fitness of the international network Competition Competition Local network 1 Local network 2 Global network Competition Competition Local network 1 Local network 2 Global network Global network Frequency of intercountry social ties Coarse-grained coupling Effective activity international network more attractive (intercountry ties) Air travel passengers Wij proxy for intercountry social ties ˜ρa i,int = ρa i,int + α ∑ j̸=i Ωijρa j,int Ωij ∝ Wij/Ni 14
- 22. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Network of multi-layer networks represents global digital ecology for the 80 largest countries Active Passive Susceptible Partial states} Local network Global network Effective activity 15
- 23. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Double meanfield approximation describes mean activities with global connectivity as new control parameter x = ⟨ ρa i,loc ⟩ : mean activity of local networks y = ⟨ ρa i,int ⟩ : mean activity of international network ˙x = x [ λ ⟨k⟩ xσ xσ + (y(1 + ¯Ω))σ [1 − x] − 1 ] ˙y = y [ λ ⟨k⟩ (y(1 + ¯Ω))σ xσ + (y(1 + ¯Ω))σ [1 − y] − 1 ] Additional control parameter ¯Ω = α ⟨Ωij⟩ (global connectivity) 16
- 24. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Local networks can coexist, dominate, or become extinct depending on global connectivity and activity affinity 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 σ Ω Phase diagram Coexistence is possible Coexistence is impossible Saddlenode bifurcation Attractor switching Local attracts from Globalconnectivity Activity affinity 17
- 25. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Local networks can coexist, dominate, or become extinct depending on global connectivity and activity affinity 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 σ Ω Phase diagram Coexistence is possible Coexistence is impossible Saddlenode bifurcation Attractor switching Local attracts from Globalconnectivity 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 x y 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 x y 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 x y International winsLocal networks winNetworks coexist 17
- 26. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Local networks can coexist, dominate, or become extinct depending on global connectivity and activity affinity 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 σ Ω Phase diagram 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 x y 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 x 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 x 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 x Initial condition International winsLocal networks winNetworks coexist Coexistence is possible Coexistence is impossible Saddlenode bifurcation Attractor switching Local attracts from Globalconnectivity 17
- 27. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Local networks can coexist, dominate, or become extinct depending on global connectivity and activity affinity 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 σ Ω Phase diagram Coexistence is possible Coexistence is impossible Saddlenode bifurcation Attractor switching Local attracts from Globalconnectivity Activity affinity Highest probability for extinction of local networks is at intermediate value of the activity affinity σ. 17
- 28. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook 1:1000 scale model of the digital world is constructed with synthetic networks for underlying social structure Synthetic networks for underlying societies (S1 model) 18
- 29. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook 1:1000 scale model of the digital world is constructed with synthetic networks for underlying social structure Synthetic networks for underlying societies (S1 model) Launch time International network starts delayed except in US 18
- 30. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook 1:1000 scale model of the digital world is constructed with synthetic networks for underlying social structure Synthetic networks for underlying societies (S1 model) Launch time International network starts delayed except in US Real topology of the air travel network 18
- 31. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook 1:1000 scale model of the digital world is constructed with synthetic networks for underlying social structure Synthetic networks for underlying societies (S1 model) Launch time International network starts delayed except in US Real topology of the air travel network Simulate full stochastic model 18
- 32. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Local networks always become extinct for intermediate activity affinity but can survive otherwise Mean prevalence of int. network: Φ = ⟨ ρa i,int ρa i,int +ρa i,loc ⟩ 19
- 33. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Local networks always become extinct for intermediate activity affinity but can survive otherwise Mean prevalence of int. network: Φ = ⟨ ρa i,int ρa i,int +ρa i,loc ⟩ 19
- 34. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Local networks always become extinct for intermediate activity affinity but can survive otherwise Mean prevalence of int. network: Φ = ⟨ ρa i,int ρa i,int +ρa i,loc ⟩ 19
- 35. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Local networks always become extinct for intermediate activity affinity but can survive otherwise Mean prevalence of int. network: Φ = ⟨ ρa i,int ρa i,int +ρa i,loc ⟩ 19
- 36. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Local networks always become extinct for intermediate activity affinity but can survive otherwise Mean prevalence of int. network: Φ = ⟨ ρa i,int ρa i,int +ρa i,loc ⟩ 19
- 37. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Local networks always become extinct for intermediate activity affinity but can survive otherwise Mean prevalence of int. network: Φ = ⟨ ρa i,int ρa i,int +ρa i,loc ⟩ 19
- 38. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook 1:1000 scale model of the digital world reveals conditions for survival of local networks Intercountry ties lead to intrinsic fitness arxiv:1504.01368 20
- 39. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook 1:1000 scale model of the digital world reveals conditions for survival of local networks Intercountry ties lead to intrinsic fitness Heterogeneous fitness can impede coexistence arxiv:1504.01368 20
- 40. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook 1:1000 scale model of the digital world reveals conditions for survival of local networks Intercountry ties lead to intrinsic fitness Heterogeneous fitness can impede coexistence International network always dominates for intermediate activity affinity arxiv:1504.01368 20
- 41. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook 1:1000 scale model of the digital world reveals conditions for survival of local networks Intercountry ties lead to intrinsic fitness Heterogeneous fitness can impede coexistence International network always dominates for intermediate activity affinity Local networks can survive for low and high activity affinity arxiv:1504.01368 20
- 43. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Multiscale theory of the digital world: From individual ties to globally interacting networks Individuals Interacting Worldwide Model Strength of social ties Result Weak ties have higher transmissibility Viral + media effect & under- lying structure Viral effect is about four times stronger Rich-get-richer & diminishing returns Coexistance of a moderate number of services Network of net- works & effective activity Local networks can prevail under certain conditions Focus 12 3 101 - 102 105 - 106 106 - 109 >109 Order Isolated network networks PRX 4, 031046 Sci. Rep. 5, 10268 arxiv:1504.01368 22
- 44. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Multiscale theory of the digital world: From individual ties to globally interacting networks Individuals Interacting Worldwide Model Strength of social ties Result Weak ties have higher transmissibility Viral + media effect & under- lying structure Viral effect is about four times stronger Rich-get-richer & diminishing returns Coexistance of a moderate number of services Network of net- works & effective activity Local networks can prevail under certain conditions Focus 12 3 101 - 102 105 - 106 106 - 109 >109 Order Isolated network networks PRX 4, 031046 Sci. Rep. 5, 10268 arxiv:1504.01368 22
- 45. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Multiscale theory of the digital world: From individual ties to globally interacting networks Individuals Interacting Worldwide Model Strength of social ties Result Weak ties have higher transmissibility Viral + media effect & under- lying structure Viral effect is about four times stronger Rich-get-richer & diminishing returns Coexistance of a moderate number of services Network of net- works & effective activity Local networks can prevail under certain conditions Focus 12 3 101 - 102 105 - 106 106 - 109 >109 Order Isolated network networks PRX 4, 031046 Sci. Rep. 5, 10268 arxiv:1504.01368 22
- 46. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Multiscale theory of the digital world: From individual ties to globally interacting networks Individuals Interacting Worldwide Model Strength of social ties Result Weak ties have higher transmissibility Viral + media effect & under- lying structure Viral effect is about four times stronger Rich-get-richer & diminishing returns Coexistance of a moderate number of services Network of net- works & effective activity Local networks can prevail under certain conditions Focus 12 3 101 - 102 105 - 106 106 - 109 >109 Order Isolated network networks PRX 4, 031046 Sci. Rep. 5, 10268 arxiv:1504.01368 22
- 47. Just as a monopoly in economy is a threat to free markets, the lack of poses a threat to the digital diversity freedom of information.
- 48. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Digital diversity is important. So write down the references and contact information now! References: K.-K. Kleineberg, M. Boguña. PRX 4, 031046, 2014 K.-K. Kleineberg, M. Boguña. Sci. Rep. 5, 10268, 2015 (tomorrow, 17:20, A5+A6) K.-K. Kleineberg, M. Boguña. arxiv:1504.01368, 2015 Kaj Kolja Kleineberg: • kkl@ffn.ub.edu • @KoljaKleineberg in • Kaj Kolja Kleineberg 24
- 49. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook Digital diversity is important. So write down the references and contact information now! References: K.-K. Kleineberg, M. Boguña. PRX 4, 031046, 2014 K.-K. Kleineberg, M. Boguña. Sci. Rep. 5, 10268, 2015 (tomorrow, 17:20, A5+A6) K.-K. Kleineberg, M. Boguña. arxiv:1504.01368, 2015 Kaj Kolja Kleineberg: • kkl@ffn.ub.edu • @KoljaKleineberg ← Slides! in • Kaj Kolja Kleineberg 24
- 50. Motivation Evolution and ecology of OSNs World model Summary & outlook CREDITS Social media chalk: mkhmarketing.wordpress.com Obsolete hardware David Hayward oil field: Damian Gadal Cat attention: David Cornejo Cables: jerry john Network "ring": Adam Beasley Boxing gloves: Gabriele Fumero World: Lorenzo Baldini Megaphone: Alex Auda Samora Biohazard: Shailendra Chouhan Layer icon: Mentaltoy Balance (scale) icon: Roman Kovbasyuk Death symbol: Mila Redko Pie Chart: P.J. Onori Money sack: Lemon Liu Team icon: Joshua Jones Hand icon: irene hoffman arm with muscle: Sergey Krivoy Time: Richard de Vos No: P.J. Onori Local: Phil Goodwin Summary (article) icon: Stefan Parnarov flower: Nishanth Jois Read magazine: Evan Travelstead Globe 2: Ealancheliyan s dices: Drew Ellis Icons: thenounproject.com Kaj Kolja Kleineberg: • kkl@ffn.ub.edu • @KoljaKleineberg in • Kaj Kolja Kleineberg 25