Anatomical Science Personal Statement

Anatomical Science Personal Statement
Enclosed please find my application for Anatomy Instructor at Jacobs School of Medicine and
Anatomical Science. I feel confident that I would be an ideal addition to the teaching faculty at the
Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, as you will observe that my experiences,
researches and future plans are highly compatible with a number of your current faculty members.
Moreover, I am presently enrolled in masters in Anatomical Science program, which further
polished my teaching skills by incorporating a thesis project, graduate course–work, a teaching
practicum, anatomical specimen preparation and dissection techniques. My colleagues and I are
presented with a number of far–ranging opportunities from learning how to use an electron ... Show
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Now, I have gained competencies to manage and educate learner's belonging to multiple age groups
and cultures, from multidisciplinary professionals to primary school
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Lab Report Essay
Continuing from the last report, we jumped right into the next lab that consisted of the digestive
tract. This was the last lab that capped off the material for the lab report. In the lab prep we set up
the cat as well as pat for the students to be able to visualize and understand. The histological section
was also set up with a slide of the esophagus, duodenum, colon and the stomach. With the slides the
students were to identify the different layers of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine and colon wall. They were to identify what type of epithelium is present and what is its
overall function. We then looked at the intestinal regions in depth. The Duodenum, Jejunum and
ileum were then looked at in detail. The cat was out in order for us to look at it in greater detail and
understand what it may look like in a more life like scenario. The model showed things that may are
on a better accord with the human. It was easier to see the rectum and the anal canal. We also were
able to go over the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would consist of all of the labs up until this point. Once again some students struggled with
details, which is merely as lack of attention. The histology section was where I think they struggled
the most as well as the cat. Some part of the confusion comes from once again not being very
attentive when the histology section is being displayed. Students also need to come into lab and
study, just looking at the handouts is not very effective when you have a cumulative test with all of
the material that you've seen from lab. Some students really struggled with the lung capacity lab,
which seemed to be a fairly easy straightforward lab. Most of the confusion came on what the actual
program was recording which was airflow and volume. Even though there was some confusion I
hope that the students are learning from their mistakes and become more conscious and aware
during

Integrating Histology And Mri On The First Digital Brain...
Integrating histology and MRI in the first digital brain of common squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus
Peizhen Suna, Prasanna Parvathanenia, Kurt G. Schillingb,c, Yurui Gaob,c, Vaibhav Janve b,c,
Adam Andersonb,c, Bennett A. Landman*,a,b,c,d aElectrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, TN USA, bBiomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA, cInstitute
of Image Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA, dComputer Science, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN USA.
ABSTRACT
This effort is a continuation of development of a digital brain atlas of the common squirrel monkey,
Saimiri sciureus, a New World monkey with functional and microstructural organization of central
nervous system similar to that of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We describe mapping of histology and MRI based data of the common squirrel monkey and
construction of a viewing tool that enable online viewing of these datasets. The previously descried
atlas MRI is used for its deformation to provide accurate conformation to the MRI, thus adding
information at the histological level to the MRI volume. This paper presents the mapping of single
2D image slice in block face as a proof of concept and this can be extended to map the atlas space in
3D coordinate system as part of the future work and can be loaded to an XNAT system for further
use.
Keywords: primate neuroanatomy, atlas, magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging
1. INTRODUCTION
Atlases provide a central coordinate system in which to merge information from different imaging
modalities, across time within a single subject, between subjects, and among studies. Digital atlases
have come into common use from brain mapping with 3–D imaging techniques, e.g., magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI). Integration of histology images with typical multi–modal MRI atlases
(e.g., for the squirrel monkey [1]) is greatly complicated by the fact that histological sections are, by
their nature, extraordinarily isotopic. Any out–of–plane rotation/resampling would result substantive
partial volume artifacts.
During the sectioning process, it is commonly possible to acquire photographic images of the block
face

Hiscology Of Bladder: Histology Of Gall Transgender
HISTOLOGY OF BILIARY SYSTEM
Histology of Gall bladder:
Figure (9): Histology of GB 1. Mucous membrane. 2. Mucosal folds. 3. Muscle coat. 4. Serous layer
(Krause, 2005).
(GB= Gallbladder)
The wall of the GB consists of mucosa, which is composed of simple columnar epithelium and
lamina propria, a layer of smooth muscles, well–developed per–muscular connective tissue layer
and serous membrane. The mucosa has abundant folds that are particularly evident in the empty GB.
The epithelial cells are rich in mitochondria and have their nuclei in their basal third; all these cells
are capable of secreting small amounts of mucous. Microvilli are frequent at the apical surface. Near
the CD, the epithelium invaginates into the lamina propria forming tubuloacinar glands with wide
lumens. Cells of these glands have characteristics of mucous secreting cells and are responsible for
the production of most of the mucous present in the bile (Singh, 2011).
The muscular layer is thin, with most of the smooth muscle cells arranged around the circumference
of the GB. A thick connective tissue layer binds the superior surface of the GB to the liver. The
opposite surface is covered by a serous layer and the peritoneum (Singh, 2011).
Histology of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of them have a common structure. They have a mucosa surrounded by a wall made up of
connective tissue, in which some smooth muscle may be present. The mucosa is lined by a tall
columnar epithelium with a striated border. At its lower end the bile duct is joined by the main
pancreatic duct, the two usually forming a common hepato–pancreatic duct (or ampulla) that opens
into the duodenum at the summit of the major duodenal papilla. The mucosa of the hepato–
pancreatic duct is highly folded. These folds are believed to constitute a valvular mechanism that
prevents duodenal contents from entering the bile and pancreatic ducts (Krause,

Endocrine System Chap 18 Essay example
Package Title: Testbank
Course Title: pap13
Chapter Number: 18
Question type: Multiple Choice
1) Which of the following is NOT a function of a hormone? Regulates chemical composition and
volume of the internal environment
Regulates metabolism
Regulates glandular secretions
Produces electrolytes
Controls growth and development Answer: d Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 18.1 Compare control of body functions by the nervous system and endocrine
system.
Section Reference 1: 18.1 Comparison of Control by the Nervous and Endocrine Systems
2) When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target–cell receptors may decrease.
This is called receptor recognition. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Muscle contraction
The peripheral nervous system
Hormones released from the hypothalamus
Action potentials from the thalamus
Chemical changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Answer: c Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 18.6 Describe the properties of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and the
relationships between them.
Learning Objective 2: 18.6.2 Describe the location, histology, hormones, and functions of the
anterior and posterior pituitary.
Section Reference 1: 18.6 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
10) Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates general body growth? a) Growth
hormone
b) Prolactin
Thyrotropin
Luteinizing hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone Answer: a Difficulty: Medium

relationships between them.
Learning Objective 2: 18.6.2 Describe the location, histology, hormones, and functions of the
anterior and posterior pituitary.
Section Reference 1: 18.6 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 11) Which of the following anterior
pituitary hormones stimulates milk production? Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Thyrotropin
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone Answer: b Difficulty: Medium

Thermodynamics: What Is Histology BPH?
The urethral crest widens and protrudes from the posterior wall as the seminal colliculus
(verumontanum). A small midline pit, the prostatic utricle, is found at the apex of the seminal
colliculus. On either side of the utricular orifice, the small slitlike openings to the ejaculatory duct
can be found. 8 CENTRAL ZONE The central zone is the area surrounding the ejaculatory ducts.
This zone consists of 25% of the glandular tissue. Very few adenocarcinomas are found in this
region and can represent as little as 1–5% of these tumors in the prostate. 8 PERIPHERAL ZONE
The peripheral zone of the prostate constitutes 70% of the glandular tissue. This zone covers the
posterior and lateral aspects of the prostate. The peripheral zone is the area that ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The primary advantage of dutasteride is that it inhibits both 5–alphareductase type 1 and type 2
subtypes, which results in a more complete suppression of DHT production. All of these
observations demonstrate a pivotal role for androgens in the development of the prostate and BPH.
The observation that the growth of the prostate does not directly correlate with DHT levels suggests
that although DHT permits growth, factors other than the androgen are also responsible for the
ultimate degree of prostatic

Wilms Tumor Essay
Introduction.
Wilms' Tumor is a rapidly growing malignant tumor found in the kidney, that is typically diagnosed
between ages two and five. It is a disease that develops only in very young children. It is found in
one in ten thousand children. In this report, topics such as the disease pathophysiology, signs and
symptoms, diagnosis, treatment available, and any prevention possible, will be covered.
Wilms' Tumor
Pathophysiology.
There are two types of Wilms' Tumors that can possibly develop. The difference can be told
underneath a microscope. Nine out of ten of Wilms' Tumors have favorable histology. Favorable
histology means that the cancer cells do not appear normal. There no anaplasia. Chances of survival
with this type of tumor has a very good outcome. The second type of Wilms' Tumor that can
possibly develop has unfavorable histology. With unfavorable histology the look of the cancer
widely varies on appearance under a microscope. The cells of the nuclei tend to be large and
distorted. There is anaplasia. The more anaplasia that is present, the harder it is to cure.
Most of Wilms' Tumors are unilateral which means they are only found in one kidney. There are
about five to ten percent of children diagnosed with Wilms' Tumor that will have more than one
tumor in the same kidney. Only Five percent of children diagnosed with Wilms' Tumor will have a
bilateral diagnosis, which means both kidneys are effected. The tumors tend to become rather large
before they are noticed,

Description Of The Pituitary Gland And Its Function
Figure 4: Hypothalamic and anterior pituitary glands (right)
Description of the pituitary gland and its function
Use both the flat and 3D models to visualize the following characteristics of the pituitary and its
location
Morphology mechanisms
A tiny–almond sized organ
The pituitary gland is composed of three lobes: Anterior, intermediate (smallest) and posterior (see
the figure on the right)
Anterior pituitary (AP): Hormones (up regulation and down regulation) are controlled by the
hypothalamic hormones. The AP is divided into three parts or pars: the pars tuberalis, pars
intermedia and pars distalis.
The posterior pituitary develops as an extension of the hypothalamus and its cells (known as the
magno–cellular neuro–secretory cells have its cell bodies in the hypothalamus and its axons
projecting into the posterior pituitary.
The anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) arises from the oral ectoderm while the posterior pituitary
(neurohypophysis) originates from the neuro–ectoderm.
The following diagram shows the location and histology of pituitary gland
Figure 5: the location of the pituitary gland (upper left) and its anatomy (upper right). The middle is
a schematic drawing of the pituitary and the lower (from left to right) are: histology of the anterior
pituitary, the pituitary histology, pars nervosa and distals and at far right is a section in the posterior
pituitary.
You should be able to:
Draw a schematic drawing of the pituitary gland both location and its

Indications For Liver Biopsy And Histological Assessment...
INDICATIONS FOR LIVER BIOPSY
Liver biopsy and histological assessment of the liver has now taken on an important role in clinical
management. Therefore liver biopsy currently has two major roles:
(A) Diagnostic purposes: Liver biopsy is helpful in diagnosis of many forms of liver disease such as
acute and chronic hepatitis (Wilson disease, alpha–1–antitrypsin disease, glycogen storage diseases,
AIH, NiemannPick disease and others), cholestatic disorders, fatty liver disease, vascular diseases,
inﬁltrative or storage diseases, some infectious diseases, and other disorders that may be associated
with characteristic histological abnormalities. It also plays a role in the diagnosis of patients with
abnormal liver tests of unknown etiology (Czaja et al., 2007). (B) Liver biopsy in the assessment of
known liver disease: Liver histology is also commonly used in disease monitoring of patients with
AIH. First, the portal–based plasma cell inﬁltrate may predict relapse and second, liver biopsy is
often obtained prior to steroid dose reduction and/or discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy
(Rockey et al., 2009). 1– Neonatal Cholestasis Some forms of neonatal cholestasis can be identified
biochemically and genetically, but others require LB.
Biliary atresia (BA): Typically neonates with BA have acholic stools, firm livers, and abnormal
values for biochemical markers of hepatobiliary injury. Histopathologic evaluation permits
diagnosis of BA in 96% of adequate LB

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tissue Microarray
Tissue microarray
Tissue micro arrays (TMAs) was introduced by Kononen et al. in 1998 157. This technique is based
on the assembly of separate tissue cores on a paraffin block, which may contain up to 1000 cores.
TMA can be used for several purposes, in which the detection of protein is the most common. In this
thesis, prognosis/outcome based arrays was applied to evaluate the prognostic value of various
proliferation markers.
Several advantages and disadvantages are associated with TMA compared to the classic single
sample microscope slide. Advantages associated with this technique include rapid and high–
throughput validation of biomarkers, less reagent consumption, less expensive, decreased technical
time, decreased assessment time, decreased variability of results, standardization and the possibility
of digitizing and quantifying results 155,158–162. However, TMA is not better than the classic
microscope slide in every are. Several disadvantages are also associated with this technique,
including the preparation that requires more careful planning and high technical skills, sample
selection is also critical due to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the first study, 581 patients were retrospectively analyzed and associations between numerous
parameters and RFS were made 217. The study demonstrated that a mitotic index of 4 or more or the
presence of three of the following four histological features: sheeting, prominent nuclei,
hypercellularity and small cells were highly predictive of recurrence. Tumors presenting these
criteria showed a significantly greater recurrence rate compared with other tumors. In the second
study, the researchers demonstrated an association between survival and both anaplasia (defined as
loss of meningothelial features) and an even higher mitotic index (20 or more) 216. Meningioma
patients harboring one of these features had a significantly shorter

Histology Chapter 1 Summary
Chapter 1
1. Anatomy and physiology are both considered to be branches of biology that work together to
explain the structure of our body and its ability to function.
2. Cytology deals with the study and function of cells which make up the human body.
3. The structure of tissues that are studied is called histology.
4. The level of organization from atom to organism is ordered from atoms, complex structure, cells,
tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.
5. There are 11 organ systems. (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine,
cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, male/female reproductive system.
6. Intrinsic regulation is when tissues repair itself or reacts to changes in the environment.
7. Extrinsic regulation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within the proliferation phase, cells begin building up.
74. Granulation tissue is new connective tissue and blood vessels forming upon a wound during
healing.
75. The scarring phase happens at the very end of the healing process.
Chapter 6
76. The functions of the skeletal system include providing support, storing minerals and lipids,
blood cell production, and protection of tissues as well as organs.
77. Leverage provides balance for muscle movement.
78. The epiphysis is the proximal and distal ends of a long bone.
79. Metaphysis is the long bone between the end and the shaft.
80. The axial skeleton is made up of the skull, sternum, spine, and ribs.
81. The patella would be an example of a sesamoid bone.
82. The sinus is a chamber inside the bone that is typically filled with air and makes the skull much
lighter.
83. Collagen fibers are stronger than steel.
84. Osteocytes maintain the bone matrix, maintain protein or mineral of matrix, and helps repair
damaged bone.
85. Osteoblasts will produce new bone matrix also referred to as osteogenesis.
86. Ossification the formation of a bone.
87. The vitamins A, K, and B are like a nosey neighbor because they are involved in all structures of
body

Histology Chapter 5 Summary
Chapter 5 deals with histology, the study of tissues. Types of tissue include epithelial tissue,
connective tissue, nervous and muscular tissue. Cell junctions, glands and tissue growth,
development, repair and degeneration are discussed.
Histology is also called microscopic anatomy because a microscope is needed to view the structures
of tissues.
Tissues are prepared for study thinly slicing the tissue, preserving them with a fixative and staining
them to produce greater detail. Tissue samples can be sliced longitudinally, by cross sections or by
oblique sections. Liquid tissues, like blood are smeared on a slide for microscopic study. Epithelial
tissue covers the body and internal organs. It protects the body from injury and ... Show more
The two types of osseous tissue are spongy bone and compact bone. Blood is the liquid connective
tissue. It is made of a ground substance called plasma and other formed elements. The formed
elements are erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets that aid in
clotting.
Nervous tissue is made of neurons, and neuroglia (glial cells). The neurons have a pronounced cell
body called the neurosoma. Dendrites are extensions that branch from the neurosoma to receive
messages and communicate those messages to the neurosoma. Neurosoma also have an axon (nerve
fiber) that extends from the cell body that sends out signals to other cells. Glial cells transmit
messages only short distances. They provide protection and support to the nervous system.
Muscular tissue is built to contract and relax for movement, circulation and digestion. Skeletal,
cardiac and smooth muscle are the 3 types of muscular tissue. Skeletal muscle is usually attached to
bone, but there are exception like the tongue and some muscles of the face. Skeletal muscle is
voluntary and striated. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart. It is involuntary muscle tissue but
is also striated. Smooth muscle is neither striated nor voluntary. It can be found in the digestive tract,
respiratory tract and urinary

Essay on Histology Tissue Tracking
Software and hardware systems are the main source of how companies are ran today. To remain
influential in today's markets, businesses must remain flexible, and technology integrated. The
implications of not acquiring up–to–date technology may be the demise of a company as a whole.
While remaining technology up–to–date can cut cost, and implement the highest productivity of a
company helping insure satisfied customers. Business requirements thus, drive businesses to change
the way production, and customer satisfaction is met. During the integrations of a computerized
tissue tracking system needed for irreplaceable patient pathology specimens, a greater need was
understood in the implications of tracking. Handwritten cassettes were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The change in quality delivered, and the legality of improper diagnosis was highly considered when
creating a complete tissue tracking system, consequently creating a computerized beginning to end
electronically embedded tissue tracking system. "Smart" software was installed into the Lab
assistant existing PC's within the department, programmed to interface with an electronic cassette
patient information embedding machine. As patient information was retrieved singularly from the
implemented program, the specimen count, type, source, and patients name is verified by the lab
assistant, and then accepted or denied. If accepted, the cassette embedding machine would then
electronically embed the cassette with a barcode, and a number specific to that patient, and their
tissue type. The patients name, birth date, case number, and tissue type would be printed onto a label
to be placed on the patient's requisition. While another set of labels would be printed for each
specimen and part type then placed on the patient's specimen container. After this process was
completed the tissue and cassettes would then be given to the gross technician for dissection, and
description. The gross technician upon receipt would scan the label on the requisition, pulling up the
patient's information, scan the cassette in which the gross technician would like to place the tissue
into, and lastly scanning the specimen container

Listening Skills In Lectures
Listening skills are a number of skills that enhance one's ability to receive and interpret messages
effectively whilst communicating. There are many hints that one can use in order to improve their
listening skills in lectures. The skills include; preparing beforehand, sitting where there are no
distractions, focusing on the message–not how it is being delivered, and making eye contact, taking
notes, and asking questions.
In this essay, the listening skills hints will be explored. It will also be discussed how these hints have
affected my listening skills in lectures.
The first skill that will be explored is asking questions in lectures. Asking questions in lectures helps
you to actively engage in the entire lecture. For example; I applied this listening skills hint in a
Biology lecture. I asked a question about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But I focused on the message that she was delivering and not how it was delivered. I actually
realised that I like histology after all because it is quite interesting. Had I not applied this hint, I
would've have not even studied for histology and that would've brought down my mark in the test.
The last listening hint that I applied was preparing for a lecture, the day before. When you prepare
for a lecture, during the lecture you know exactly what is going on and you absorb any extra
information very fast. All you do is ask questions about any work that you didn't make sense to you
before. I applied this hint during a molecular biology lecture. During the lecture therefore it felt like
revision. I left the lecture hall and I still remembered the work...which doesn't happen very often.
Thus it can be concluded that without listening skills in lectures, messages can be easily missed or
misunderstood therefor listening skills have to be developed. With the aid of listening skills, it is
inevitable that one will do well academically and

Difference Between Behavior And Histology Of Pbs Or Lps...
4. Discussion
4.1 Review of results
Contrary to what we expected, there was no significant difference between behaviour and histology
of PBS or LPS treated mice. Some results, however, such as the number of microglial clusters, may
benefit from an increase in the n number, since the lack of significance was caused, partially, due to
high variability inside the groups. We are currently evaluating the immunohistochemistry of 4 mice,
although the initial idea of a profound effect of intranasal LPS over behaviour and histology seem
improbable. This can have several factors which are going to be explored individually.
4.2 Post–infection Time Window
Intranasal infection with laboratory isolate of Chlamydia pneumonia was shown to induce immune
reaction in the olfactory bulb and brain at 1 month post–infection (pi), which gradually declined, but
was still detectable, at 3 and 4 months (Little et al., 2014). On our experiment, tissue collection was
done roughly 2 weeks after the LPS injections, therefore, there may have not been enough time for
development of immune response, such as microgliosis. Nevertheless, in vitro studies, which
exposed neuronal cells to Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria, as well as LPS, detected increased β–
amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau as early as 2 weeks after exposure (Miklossy et al., 2006). In
contrast, the in vivo study with Chlamydia pneumonia failed to find tau pathology and suggested
that long term exposure to pathogen (>1 year) may yield better

Blood Bank Lab Report
Blood Bank Lab was very interesting. I learned a lot from the explanations about the blood bank lab
involving the sustainability of red blood cells and plasma. I never realize that plasma only lasted a
few days, creating a larger need for it. The machine they were kept in was interesting, because it was
set to maintain the environment's temperature and humidity at a certain number constantly. The
hematology lab was not very surprising to me. I have a strong background in histology and studying
blood pathologies. Seeing the machine that measured blood coagulation was interesting because I
didn't know it was possible to test blood's coagulation ability. The lab consisted mostly of
microscopes with people using them because machines are not advanced

Mir15a Case Study
(3) Therapeutic effect of miR15a/16 inhibitor in vivo: We will infect influenza virus with 5.0 x 10
3.375 TCID50 and then deliver the miR–15a/16 inhibitor once from 6 to 72 h later. To maximize the
therapeutic effects, we will deliver the miR–15a/16 inhibitors 3 times for every 24h. Lung
inflammation will be evaluated using lung histology, BAL cellularity. Alveolar macrophage
activation or regulation will be evaluated using FACS analysis, cytokines, chemokines production,
and viral titer.
BAL cellularity: To collect the BAL fluid, the thoracic cavity is opened by midline incision. The
trachea is exposed and cannulated with a 20 gauge catheter, which is secured with a 2–0 silk suture.
And then get the BAL fluids with 1ml cold PBS. To collect ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Briefly, Mice lung tissue will be isolated and cut into small pieces with razor blade and process in
digestion buffer (1 mg/ml collagenase D, 0.1 mg/ml DNase; Roche, Indianapolis, IN) for 30 min. at
37℃. The samples will be passed through 100 μm and 40 μm strainer serially. After counting cells,
alveolar macrophage specific and activation antibodies will be conjugated. CD11c+CD64+ cells will
be gated and the activation markers (CD11b, CD40, CD80, CD86, MHC ll) will be analyzed.
Alveolar macrophage gene expression will be evaluated after isolating the cells by BD FACS Aria
(BD Bioscience, San Jose,

The Treatment Detail For Each Group
Dosage
The treatment detail for each group is listed in the following table.
Group Treatment LAF–001 Dose Level Male Female
1 Control (Vehicle) 0 10 10
2 Low Dose 100 mg/kg 10 10
3 Medium–Low Dose 200 mg/kg 10 10
4 Medium Dose 400 mg/kg 10 10
5 High Dose 700 mg/kg 10 10
6 High Dose with 14–day recovery period 700 mg/kg 10 10
The amount of test item administrated to each individual animal is calculated daily according to
their body weight and the solution of the test item is prepared accordingly. The efficacious dose of
the test item, 100 mg/kg, was used as the lowest dose level while the highest possible dose (limited
by solubility), 700 mg/kg, was used as the highest dose level in the study. The two–fold interval of
dose level, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Detailed Physical Examination
Once before the first exposure and once a week during the exposure period, the detailed physical
examinations are performed on all test animals. This is to be conducted outside the home cage, at the
same time of the day on each occasion. Minimal variation in observation for each animal is to be
achieved. The note will include, but not limited to, the change of the following signs: skin, eyes, fur,
mucous, activity level, behaviour, secretion, excretion and autonomic activities.
Functional Observation
In the fourth exposure week, sensory reactivity of all animals to different stimuli is performed,
according to the SOP K11. Meanwhile, the assessment of grip strength, motor activity level,
abnormal behaviours and other functional performances are conducted according to SOP K12.
Body Weight, Food/Water Consumption
The body weight of all test animals is measure upon arrival, before randomisation, day 0 of
treatment and twice weekly over the study period. The feed and measure consumption for each
animal is recorded daily before and during the exposure period, as well as the recovery period for
satellite groups.
Sample Collection
Samples are collected for the following analysis: haematology, clinical biochemistry, toxico–
kinetics, and histology. The haematology and clinical biochemistry analysis are conducted in the
Toxicology Laboratory at the University of Queensland, while the

Histology Technician Case Study
While browsing the well–known career site Monster, I discovered a listing for a histology technician
position in Greensburg. The career opportunity is with Excela Health, who has a respectable
reputation in the area. In addition to the suitable location, the company also offers a competitive
benefits package and financial well being and security of the organization.
Greensburg is just a little over an hour from my home and the closest career opportunity in my field
that I have been able to locate. Unfortunately, there is not a large market for histology technicians
locally. As a result, many histology technicians find themselves traveling the 2 hours or more to
Pittsburg for employment. Therefore, I feel this position would be ideal, especially since relocating
is not an option for my family and me.
Recently, Excela Health ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mission of Excela Health is "To improve the health and well–being of every life we touch."
With this in mind, I feel as though my position as a histology technician will accomplish just that. I
will have the opportunity to provide answers to patients in a timely and efficient manner. Whether
the diagnosis yields positive or negative results, my work will forever have a life–altering effect on
each and every patient.
This position would be well suited for any qualified histology technician. Only certified histology
technicians are able to handle, prepare, and process tissue specimens according to the Clinical
Association of Pathologists (CAP) guidelines. All CAP–accredited laboratories must adhere to these
guidelines in order to prevent loss of their accreditation. Above all this position would be an ideal
opportunity for me. The location is close to home. The employer is a well known and respected
company in the area. Finally, I feel that the values of the company are the same as my own, meaning
the needs of others are placed before my

Vocal Fold Nodules Essay
One of the most common laryngeal pathological changes is called vocal fold nodules (Phillippe H.
al., et 2009). While looking at vocal fold nodules, one may notice tiny bilateral lesions. The SLP
may also discover that vocal fold nodules appear as proportional mass lesions. The history of vocal
fold nodules dates back to 1866, when the pathology was first discovered by Turk (Simpson B al., et
2008). "Vocal fold nodules occur more frequently in children and women (Simpson B al., et 2008)."
"Another interesting fact is that 95% of the vocal fold nodule cases among adults are female and 5%
male (Phillipe 2009)." Vocal fold nodules cause an hourglass closure glottal configuration secondary
to the nodules developing at the junction of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
al., et 2009). The model allowed them to uncover that a partially incomplete dorsal vocal fold
adduction is a first condition for causing an hourglass type movement. A limited collision zone is
only possible with minimum curving of the rest position of the vocal fold edges in their ventral
portion. This Characteristic is most familiar with the adult female larynx when muscular exhaustion
and resulting hypotonia (state of low muscle tone) appear to increase this curving. The sufficient
vibration amplitude enabled the researchers to achieve a localized impact, which was signs of the
previously mentioned conditions. The documentation of an increased subglottal pressure and by a
decrease in an active stress of the tension strength between the symmetric vocalis masses (Vocal fold
nodules). The study also revealed teat muscular tension imbalance and behavioral aspects in the
modeling procedure indicating a decrease in active stress is a possible effect of enervation, and
growth in subglottal pressure a result of effort compensation (Phillippe H. al., et 2009).
Treatment
It is common for people with vocal fold nodules to improve without the need for surgery (Simpson
B al., et 2008). Speech–Language Pathologists have to be mindful of using evidence–based practices

Endoscopy and Gastric Histology Essay
The local Ethics Committee approved this study and patients gave written informed consent to take
part in the research. Consecutive dyspeptic patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at
the Endoscopy Section of Shahid mohammadi Hospital in the primary care health center. Patients
were selected from among individuals who were not taking non steroidal anti–infammatory drugs
and proton pump inhibitors had not received H. erradication therapy. In total 107 subjects of the
stated hospital that were without dyspepsia symptoms from the same population as the case studies
that had no trace of gastro duodenal diseases.
Endoscopy and gastric histology
Endoscopy was carried out using a video processor and video gastroscopyfor every ... Show more
The sequence of cycling conditions at 95°C for 4 minutes was done firstly and secondly 35 cycles of
95°C for 30 seconds was accomplished,at 59°C for 30 seconds, also at 72°C for 30 seconds it was
specified, and finally at 72°C for 7 minutes it was determined. PCR assay from IL–4 (VNTR) was
directly visualized on 2% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide, and at last each allele was
recognized on the basis of its size. The Rp1 and Rp2 alleles were 183 and 253 bp, respectively.
The IL–10 promoter polymorphism (PCR–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) assay as
described by Turneret al(year) is used for detecting the –592 SNP by introducing 2 alleles, A and C
(A–C). A measurement of 100 ng of genomic DNA is amplified in a 25 mL and final volume
reaction mixture containing 10X KCL buffer, 1.5mM MgCL2, 0.2mM of each dNTP, 25 pmol of
each primer, and 1 unit of Taq polymerase was determined. The cycling conditions were determined
as follow: first, in 95°C for 5 minutes; and second 35 cycles of 94°C for 40 seconds at 61°C for 1
minand at 72°C for 40 seconds were specified; finally at 72°C for 10 minutes it was determined. The
PCR product contains 412 bp and the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism assay was
performed in a 15 mL reaction mixture containing PCR product (10 mL), buffer (1.8 mL), enzyme
(RsaӀ 2 units per reaction), and distilled water (3 mL). The reaction

Henrietta Lacks Pros And Cons
Innovations and scientific advances in the 20th century brought about further knowledge of genes
and genetics, and later of how diseases interact with human cells. This level of scientific progress
was unprecedented, and the medical and biological ethics going along with the science needed time
to catch up. From the 1950s with the collection of HeLa cells to the early 2000s with Dr. Catalona,
there has been debate over who owns tissue samples taken from human beings. This paper presents
an argument for a limited ownership of tissue samples.
One woman has helped create the polio vaccine, aid in animal cloning, been to space, and uncover
the roots of HPV; all after her death in 1951. In February of 1951, Henrietta Lacks came to the
hospital with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Henrietta Lacks died, her children were sent to different places and had harsh upbringings.
They continued to live in poverty for a long time while researchers and research institutions around
the world profited from using cells originally from Henrietta Lacks. As an Ashkenazi Jew, I
appreciate the isolation of the gene that causes Canavan disease and the fact that I can screen for it
should I choose to have children. However, the families who gave their time, resources, and
ultimately parts of their children to this research eventually lost their children while Dr. Matalon
profited from screening royalties. There should be some measures in place that prevents the harm of
research participants, whether financial or cultural, when donating tissue to research. Researchers
should fully inform students of their full intentions and ask participants which tests can be
performed. To prevent a situation like the one involving the Lacks family, a royalty system should
be set up to prevent tissue donors from going into poverty while research institutions
disproportionately profit from using their

Black Bile Cause Of Cancer: A Case Study
While cancer is referred to today as the "Modern plague" and treated through radiation and
chemotherapy, thousands of years ago, the Egyptians applied arsenic paste and ate uteruses to
combat what the Greeks described as "carcinoma" or a crablike bulge (David and Zimmerman 2010,
728). Although cancer was relatively rare prior to the sixteenth century, there appears to be some
archaeological record of tumor masses in the bodies and writings of the Ancient Egyptians and
Greeks. In Egypt, the Papyrus Ebers, a compilation of illnesses written by Egyptian physicians in
3000 BC, referred to breast tumors by their similarity in smell to roasted meat and portrayed cancer
as a bulge with no treatment, except for ineffective knife lesions and magical incantations (Hajdu
2011, 1097–1099). In Greece, physicians theorized humans were composed of 4 humors: blood,
phlegm, yellow bile, and the evil black bile Hippocrates believed manifested itself in the formation
of cancer (Hajdu 2011, 1098). While archaeologists and chemists reject the black bile cause of
cancer, they both agree that the rarity of cancer in antiquity can be attributed to the low life
expectancy and lack of environmental mutagens evident in ancient lifestyles (David and
Zimmerman 2010, 728–731). Cancer is the consequence of the body 's inability to control the
division of malignant cells, commonly exhibited when cells grow old, damaged, and need to be
replaced. As one gets older and is exposed to carcinogens, such as

Prioritise Task
1. An organised person, who pays attention to detail, can prioritise tasks and who has the ability to
perform routine histological procedures to a high scientific and technical standard is required for this
role. My ability of being an organised person was displayed in my previous role as an
Administrative officer in the office of Minister Joy Burch. This was also shown with my previous
worked with the office of multicultural affair ACT Government. The ability to prioritise tasks was
my central commitment when dealing with correspondent's mails, events preparation for ministerial
data entry, and appointment with stakeholders both in the office of Minister Joy Burch and Office of
Multicultural Affairs ACT Gov't. My capability to perform routine ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
During that time I have committed myself in being able to work within a policy framework. The
policy framework requires on me was responsible for the 2009 grant of $ 40,000 given to the
Southern Sudanese Australian Community Association ACT by the ACT government through the
office of multicultural affairs ACT. In its guidelines that were provided in the provision I managed
to follow it with details of grant evaluation as it finished. So I should make sure that to follow the
clinical Pathology requirement guidelines on the scientific Pathology diagnostic procedures. For an
instant, I was a leading team liaison member of the Southern Sudanese Australian during the Work
Experience and Support Program (WESP) since in 2010 till 2011 where it was implemented by
Minister Ms Joy Burch MLA through the ACT Government. This policy of bringing WESP to our
South Sudanese Australian of ACT was an analytical ability that I liaised through the Office of
Multicultural Affairs ACT. The outcome of this project was that 18 South Sudanese Australian
graduated through the program. In 2011 I have initiated a project planning in title Driving
Instructors, Interpreting and Translating Services (DITS) for the South Sudanese Australian
Community Association; this project was found during my 6 months working at the office of
Minister Ms Joy Burch MLA and was passed through the Legislative Assembly ACT under my
name. Thus so far this project was implemented through the ACT Government in 2011. In 2012 my
analytical ability research project was funded by the ACT Government through the Office of
Multicultural Affairs

Why I Want To Be A Pathologist
Retrospectively, I realize pathology has long been an interest of mine. My medical career began ten
years ago, as a veterinary technician, and thus the beginnings of my interest in pathology. I
frequently found myself analyzing blood chemistries, complete blood counts, ear smears, and
urinalyses and very much enjoying this work. Over time, my curiosity evolved. I began taking a
greater interest in reading blood smears and fine needle aspirates, leading to an insistence that the
veterinarians explain what they were seeing. At the time, I was completely unaware that my interest
in pathology would eventually lead me down an entirely different career path.
Upon my return to school to finish my baccalaureate degree, I chose histology and gross anatomy as
electives simply out of curiosity. The cadaver lab I took during undergrad was by far one of my
favorite courses. I absolutely loved the process of dissection which added a whole new dimension to
my understanding of anatomy. Histology also proved to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
I served as an informal tutor for friends throughout our combined gross anatomy and histology
course. Ultimately, I excelled in this course and was offered a volunteer position as a summer tutor
for individuals who were remediating the course. I accepted without hesitation, looking forward to
the opportunity to teach a subject I find so intriguing.
Finally, during my second year of medical school, while studying for USMLE Step 1, my epiphany
moment came. I frequently studied with a friend who took notice of my tendency to use the
micrographic images to answer the pathology questions rather than reading the vignettes. She
informed me that "normal people" could not see anything in those photos. This was when I began to
research the field of pathology, and realized that this was the career I had been dreaming about since
I first began my career in

Currently I Am Going Through A Bit Of A Transition. Recently
Currently I am going through a bit of a transition. Recently my 6–year–old dog Jaci, who has stayed
with my family (parents, and 2 other dogs) all her life has now moved in to live with me in my
apartment. I hired a dog trainer, so that she may have a smooth transition. Upon meeting with the
trainer, I explained to him that Jaci's biggest issue is separation anxiety. After working with him, I
learned that for her anxiety to disappear and for her to live up to her full potential, I as her owner
would have to gain her confidence by demonstrating better leadership skills in all areas of her life
(walking on a leash, coming down the stairs, going through doors, etc.). To my dismay, the dog
trainer didn't come to train Jaci, he came to train ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Eventually after quite a bit of trial and error, I landed a job at a private pathology lab as a lab aid;
this position turned out to be a stepping stone for me to become a Histology Technologist. It was at
this pathology lab, my first "real job" in field that I could envision myself having a future, that I
discovered the difference between a confident leader who has your best interest in mind, and an
insecure leader who cares more about themselves instead of the progression of the organization and
the development of their team. In my experience, my lab manager was the insecure leader, and my
supervisor was the confident leader. I learned this first hand while I was preparing for my Histology
Technologist (HTL) certification test. In histology, there are two types of certifications, the
Histology Technician (HT) certification test, and the Histology Technologist (HTL) certification
test. The HTL test is ranked higher than the HT because not only are the histology questions more
complex, but the HTL also tests you on topics pertaining to leadership; therefore, it's optimal for
those who want to go into management in the future. The HT mainly focuses on basic histology;
both my lab manager and lab supervisor only had the HT certification. My lab supervisor had a B.S.
in Biology, a M.S. in Microbiology, and was studying to take the HTL, while my lab manager had
only a few college courses under her belt and no

Synthesis Of HPV
Abstract
Background: The association between high risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) and cervical cancer
has been firmly established. HPV is present in nearly all cases of cervical cancer and detection of
viral DNA, in combination with histology, could be a surrogate marker of micrometastasis in peri–
tumor tissues and pelvic lymph nodes.
Methods: We analyzed primary cervical carcinomas, peri–tumor biopsies and lymph nodes in 20
women with invasive cancer (FIGO stage I–II) who underwent radical pelvic surgery and
lymphonodectomy. HPV DNA was searched by broad spectrum PCR in 142 DNA samples extracted
from paraffin embedded tissues. Viral genotypes were identified by direct sequencing analysis.
Results: HPV DNA sequences were identified in all

Histology: Muscle and Connective Tissue
Notes on histology Histology Lecture 1 Histology is the study of tissues: in our case, it means study
of tissues which make up the human body. Tissue is defined as a group of cells which perform a
common function. All the cells in a given tissue are not necessarily identical or similar e.g. blood is
a type of connective tissue but it has many different types of cells. However, tissue also contains two
other components i.e. ground substance (or matrix) and fibres. Despite the complexity of the human
body and the diversity of organs it contains; there are only four tissues called basic or principal
tissues – these are epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nerve tissue. The following paragraphs
describe the main structural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Types of Connective Tissue Connective tissue is divided into two types 1) Ordinary CT and 2)
Specialised CT. Ordinary CT is further subdivided into i) Loose or areolar CT in which the fibres are
loosely woven and cells are wide apart – hence the name. It is found under the skin and around
blood vessels. ii) Adipose CT is similar to areolar CT, but a large majority of cells in this tissue are
fat cells which are filled with a fat droplet which occupies most of the volume of the cell. iii) Dense
CT has more fibres which are densely packed, hence the name. If the fibres are arranged in a regular
manner, the connective tissue is called dense regular CT. Examples include ligaments and tendons.
If the fibres are randomly orientated, the connective tissue is known as the irregular dense CT. This
variety is present in the capsule joints and some organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.
Specialised connective tissue is comprised of i) supporting elements i.e. cartilage and bone and ii)
blood. Cartilage is connective tissue consisting of cells and fibres embedded in a resilient matrix. It
is avascular and heals slowly after injury. Cells of the cartilage are called chondrocytes and they lie
in small holes called lacunae. Cartilage is of three types, depending on the proportion of collagen
and elastic fibres it contains. Hyaline cartilage is the commonest type. It is compressible and is

Donating Human Tissue
Have you ever witnessed someone steal something from a store or eat in a restaurant and leave
before they pay? Although this is a different concept, it is oddly similar to the argument of paying
people for donating their tissue. Doctors are making millions of dollars off cures for diseases and
vaccines. All the while, breaking many patient privacy laws to do so. We would not have many of
the medical breakthroughs we have today if people did not donate their body tissue. Therefore, we
owe credit to those who have given tissue to help with modern medical advances. The legal
requirements for donating human tissue differ from case to case. Consent must always be given in
order to obtain human tissue. The rules of consent vary between children and adults. If adults are
alive, then it is absolutely mandatory to have verbal consent. Adults that have ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Should these patients be compensated? The answer should always be yes to this question.According
to Robert D. Truog, Aaron S. Kesselheim, and Steven Joffe, authors of "Paying Patients for their
Tissue: The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks," "If patients own their tissues, even after removal of the
tissue from their bodies, then it follows that they have the right to demand payment when a
profitable discovery derives from their tissue." If doctors continue to shrug the issue off their
shoulder, soon enough there will no longer be any patients willing to donate their human body
tissue.. Since the 1950's, people have heard of the wrong that doctors, scientists, and medical
researchers did to the family of Henrietta Lacks.. They deserved monetary compensation in some
form, but in return they received nothing. This could heavily influence new patient's decisions to
donate their tissue. Patients will feel as if they are the reason doctors and medical researchers are
making millions of dollars off their tissue, while they sit around at home struggling to pay their
medical

Analysis : Automated Tissue Image Analysis
Topic1: image analysis
JIAN GAO 13050902
This report is about automated tissue image analysis, there are 5 parts in this article:
1. Introduction of image analysis
2. How image analysis be used in slide image of histology
3. What can be obtained from slide of diagnostic use
4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of image analysis
5. Conclusion
1. What is the image analysis
Histology is a microscopic study of organic tissue, is an important tool to diagnosis of cancer and
other diseases. The traditional method is artificial test, which needs to make a tissue slide and
obtaining under a microscope by naked eyes, for this method, the processing of analysis is a
monotonous and long work, and there are unavoidable artificial errors. So develop an automated
tissue image analysis is a very important study.
The history of development of automated image analysis technology: scientists has done the study
since 1920, start for application on 1960, the range of application expanded rapidly after 1970, and
nowadays: the application of image analysis technology in almost every fields of nature science. Of
course, Image analysis also can be used in medical science for histology tissue study().
Image analysis system is a digital technique, which consist of two parts: hardware and computer
software: the hardware includes are input device

Acute Appendicitis Research Paper
Acute appendicitis if not trated will proceeds to complications like perforation with generalized
peritonitis , phlegmon, or localized abscess formation. Emergency appendectomy has therefore been
considered the only treatment solution for acute appendicitis(7, 8). On the other hand, many studies
have shown that certain cases of suspected appendicitis can be managed nonoperatively(9, 10).
Reports about normal looking appendix proved that, up to 19% of the appendix that looks normal
during open appendectomy in adults were found to have acute inflammation by histopathology (11).
Histopathological examination of the appendiceal spacemen's is of great importance particularly if it
was diagnosed laparoscopically as macroscopically normal(12). ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This is agree with other studies which showed that 29% of appendices which were thought to be
macroscopically normal were found to be inflamed on subsequent histologic examination(19). Other
studies reach the same conclusions, Champault et al suggest that the accuracy of laparoscopy in
diagnosing appendicitis is 92%, supporting the fact that some degree of error remains even with
direct visualization (20). Chiarugi et al. in a retrospective review of the charts of 48 adults in whom
appendectomy was performed in absence of macroscopic pathological findings and the
histopathological reports showed pathological changes in 41 % of the patients. The authors therefore
recommended that appendectomy should be done in every case(21). Ekeh et al. recommended this
decision in the absence of an alternate pathology during laparoscopy. Furthermore, in 9.9 % of the
appendectomy for "normal" appendices, histopathological signs of appendicitis were found.
However they presented a retrospective analysis that dealt with adult patients(22). In their review,
Morrow and Newman recommended removing the appendix in either case when laparoscopy was
performed for right iliac fossa pain as the costs were higher, and they compare this against the risk
of missing appendicitis and the quandary of what to do with patients with recurrent

Essay about Jab 4 Histology
Lab 4 Histology Name AL
List the four types of tissue found in the human body and give an example of each.
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscular
4. Nervous
Epithelial tissue
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue? it never has contact with another cell, it always has
a free surface. They contain no blood vessels (avascular) and depend on underlying tissues for
needed nutrients and oxygen sources to maintain homeostasis. it is usually very thin for this reason.
The cells are tightly packed together. composed almost entirely of cells. apical and basal surfaces
What is the function of epithelial tissue? protection, secretion, and absorbtion
Where is epithelial tissue found? Epithelial tissue is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What type tissue is this? connective
The nuclei of the cells that secrete the collagen fibers are indicated by the number 1. What type cells
are these? fibroblast
[pic]
The cells of the connective tissue pictured below in a cross section from the trachea are specialized
for fat storage and do not form ground substance or fibers. On prepared slides, this type tissue
appears somewhat like a fish net with white spaces connected together in a network. The cytoplasm
and nucleus have been pushed to one side by a single, large, fat–filled vacuole that occupies the
center of the cell.
Identify:
1. matrix
2. chondrocyte in lacuna
3. vacole containing fat droplet
[pic]

The slide below shows a section of the trachea (windpipe). Rings of hyaline cartilage embedded
within the walls of the trachea provide support and help to maintain an open airway. Hyaline
cartilage is the most common form of cartilage in the body, making up part of the nose, connecting
ribs to the sternum, and covering the articulating surfaces of bones. When sectioned and stained, the
matrix of hyaline cartilage takes on a light purple color. Cartilage–forming cells called
chondroblasts produce this matrix, which consists of an amorphous ground substance heavily
invested with collagen fibers. Chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells) can be seen singly or in groups
within spaces (called lacunae) in

Papular Pritic Eruption Essay
Introduction:
Papular pruritic eruption (PPE) is the most common cutaneous manifestation of HIV, and is
recognized as a WHO Clinical Stage 2 disease of HIV. PPE has a reported prevalence of 11–46%
depending on geographic region, and is most commonly reported in African countries, Haiti, Brazil,
and Thailand, and is less common in European and North American countries. PPE is characterized
by multiple discrete skin–colored or erythematous urticarial papules symmetrically distributed on
the body. The lesions are most commonly located on the extremities but can also be found on the
trunk, face, or are generalized with sparing of mucous membranes, palms and soles, and digital web
spaces. Pruritus begins with lesion appearance, and itching ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
PPE may also be related to HIV infection of the skin and immune dysregulation in the skin. Some
studies have suggested that the lesions of PPE are an immunologic manifestation related to the
inversion of the normal ratio of CD4:CD8 T cells and the normal ratio of Th1:Th2 response and
cytokine profile that occurs in HIV infection and results in the inability to recognize endogenous
proteins.
Findings:
PPE is characterized by multiple sharply demarcated urticarial papules that are either skin–colored
or erythematous. The lesions are symmetrically distributed and more commonly seen on the
extremities, but are also found on the trunk, face, or be generalized with sparing of mucous
membranes, palms and soles, and digital web spaces. Studies have shown that 95% of lesions are
located on the extremities, arms and legs, most frequently on the extensor surfaces and dorsum of
the hands. PPE has a chronic course that waxes and wanes, and the lesions change appearance over
time, with new lesions appearing daily. As the pruritus beings with lesion appearance, scratching
leads to excoriations, secondary infections, and post–inflammatory hyperpigmentation, eventually
leading to scarring and prurigo–like nodules. The lesions of PPE are predominantly papular, but
there have been variants reported that display pustular lesions with acneform appearance.
Diagnostic pearls:
PPE is more common in developing countries in individuals with history of insect bites and NO
history of

Txbdc Undergraduate Scholarship Letter
To TxBDC Undergraduate Scholarship Committee: This is a letter of intent for the TxBDC
Advanced Research Scholarship I. I have volunteered with Dr. David Pruitt's team for six semesters
starting from Fall 2015. I have gained numerous valuable skills after six semesters of volunteering
in the research lab and I am considered to be one of the senior volunteers in the lab. During behavior
shifts, I help new volunteers adjust to the lab and learn their duties, make sure that all the booths are
running smoothly, and note my observations throughout the day. In addition to behavior, I am also a
senior member of the histology team, which I have been doing for six semesters as well. My
histology duties include sectioning, staining, and scanning slides

Symptoms And Treatment Of The Vocal Fold Polyps
Introduction Vocal fold polyps are common in the general population. They affect the vibratory
vocal fold function resulting in significant dysphonia which are often surgically correctable. They
are confined to the superficial lamina propria (SLP) of the vocal folds . Nowadays ,
phonomicrosurgery is the most common treatment of vocal fold polyps , and became a new standard
of care to remove pathology in these cases without scar formation . The term phonomicrosurgery
was introduced in 1994 , the principle of which lies in maximal preservation of the layered
microstructure of the vocal folds , that is the epithelium and superficial lamina propria (SLP) .
Physicians prescribe antireflux therapy in the form of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) after
phonomicrosurgery for vocal fold polyps depending on the base that laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)
plays an important role in pathogenesis of benign vocal fold mucosal lesion including polyps.
Liquid alginate has been used in the treatment of symptoms of reflux disease with promising results
for many years, sometimes in combination with H2–receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors
(PPIs). It is effective by producing a mechanical antireflux barrier within the fundus of the stomach..
The formation of barrier reduces the risk of further symptoms due to reflux of gastric contents into
the oesophagus so , combination of proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs) and liquid alginate is expected to
give

Histology Lab Essay
Histology
Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42–0013–00–01
Lab RepoRt assistant
This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report
Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment's questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables
that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students' writing of lab
reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.
Purpose
What is the purpose of this exercise?
The purpose of this exercise is to use the microscope to get an in depth look at different cell
structures and to learn how the shape and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is the primary function of connective tissue?
The connective tissue's primary function is to join bodily structures like bones and muscles to each
other or to hold tissues in their correct places in the body.
B. What can the shape of the cells in a particular type of tissue tell about the function of that tissue?
The shape of the cells in a particular tissue can tell us the function of that particular tissue based on
how it can move or communicate with other parts of the body. For example, a neuron can carry
electrical messages from the brain to other parts of the body because these cells are long and thin,
making them mobile.
C. What is matrix? Why do some tissues have more matrix than others?
The matrix is the extracellular fibers and ground substance of a connective tissue. Some tissues have
more matrix because the cells and fibers are not as tightly packed.
D. What do collagen fibers provide?
Collagen is strong and flexible and resists force in one direction. It is stronger than steel when

Lab 4 Histology
BSC 2085C: Anatomy and Physiology
Lab 4: Histology
Name ___
Directions: There are five (5) activities in this lab. Please be sure to complete them all. For all
questions, type your answers into the yellow box ____ (including your name above) it will expand
as you write.
Activity 1: Tissue Types
1–1: List the four types of tissue found in the human body and give an example of each.
1. _Epithelial__example: Skin_
2. Connective_ example: Tendons___
3. _Muscle__example: Muscles of heart_
4. _Nervous_example: Brain__
Activity 2: Epithelial tissue
2–1: What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue? _Polarity, Specialized contacts, Supported of
connective tissue, Avascular but innervated, Regeneration___ ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Thinner, more darkly stained elastic fibers composed of the protein elastin can also be seen. The
principal type of cells seen are lightly–staining fibroblasts that secrete the matrix materials.
Identify:
1. _Fibroblast nuclei___
2. _Collagen Fiber___
3. _Elastic Fibers___
3–6: This slide shows a section of a tendon with regularly arranged closely packed collagen fibers

running in the same direction. This results in a flexible tissue with great resistance to pulling forces.
With its enormous tensile strength, this tissue forms cord like tendons, which join muscles to bones,
sheet–like aponeuroses, which attach muscles to muscles or muscles to bones, and ligaments, which
bind bones together at joints.
What classification of connective tissue is this? _Dense regular___
The nuclei of the cells that secrete the collagen fibers are indicated by the number 1. What type cells
are these? _Collagen Fibers___
3–7: The cells of the connective tissue pictured below in a cross section from the trachea are
specialized for fat storage and do not form ground substance or fibers. On prepared slides, this type
tissue appears somewhat like a fish net with white spaces connected together in a network. The
cytoplasm and nucleus have been pushed to one side by a single, large, fat–filled

Essay about Histology Lab
Histology
Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? The purpose of this exercise is to become more
familiar with microscope and slides through observations of tissues. By looking at so many slides I
am now much more comfortable at identifying some basic structures. The tissue slides were very
important to my understanding of the tissue's function. By looking at the dense regular tendon I can
see how supportive it is because of all of the fibers present. It connected what I had read and studied
to an actual picture and that helps with memorization and understanding.
Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what
precautions should be taken. There are no safety concerns with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Simple Squamous
2. Simple Columnar
3. Pseudostratified Columnar
4. Transitional Exercise 2: Connective Tissue Data Table 2 – Connective Tissue
Tissue Amount and Shape of Cells
Amount of Matrix Are there fibers? If so, are they parallel or scattered?
Mesenchyme (online) many cells, stellate shape little matrix yes there are fibers and they appear
scattered
Aerolar (online) many cells and appear oval some matrix yes fibers are loose and scattered
Adipose (online) lots of cells and polygonal in shape little matrix some connective tissue, can't see
fibers, can't see parallel or scattered
Dense Irregular (online) some cells that appear oval lots of matrix yes fibers look bundled but
scattered
Reticular many cells can't see shape on slide but in book look spheroidal lots of matrix yes fibers
look loose and scattered
Dense Regular: Tendon some cells that appear fusiform lots of matrix yes they appear parallel
Hyaline Cartilage many cells, can't tell shape, look like blobs lots of matrix can't see fibers on my
slide but in book they're there and parallel
Elastic Cartilage lots of cells that look oval and round some matrix can't see the fibers on my slide
but online pic they look scattered
Fibrocartilage some cells that appear oval lots of matrix yes fibers look parallel
Compact Bone some cells that appear oval lots of matrix yes and the fibers appear parallel

Alzheimer 's Disease ( Ad )
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder that is characterized by degeneration of the hippocampal and
cortical neurons of the brain – causing memory impairment and a decline in cognitive abilities. The
current study by Ghoneim et al.1 focuses on the role of three proteins in the pathogenesis of
Alzheimer's. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling is important for development and
maintenance of normal neuronal circuits in the brain. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is
expressed by astrocytes in the central nervous system in response to neuron damage. Ki–67 is a
protein that is responsible for detecting cell proliferation. Ghoneim et al. designed their study to
explore the effects of caffeine intake on the expression of these proteins in rats induced with AD.
Caffeine is hypothesized to have a protective effect against AD for a multitude of reasons. It is
believed that caffeine has the potential to reduce amyloid beta accumulation because it is associated
with reduced oxidative stress. It could also reduce the effects of the inflammatory response which is
a well–known trademark of AD. Lastly, caffeine has been identified to have a role in maintaining the
blood–brain barrier.
Previously, it has been suggested that drinking 3–5 cups of coffee per day during midlife is
associated with a 65% decreased risk of dementia/Alzheimer's in the elderly. Other studies have
reported that caffeine inhibits the production of amyloid beta in the brain and reverses cognitive

Anatomical Science Personal Statement

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Anatomical Science Personal Statement