International Marketing For Avantus Essay

International Marketing For Avantus Essay
Introduction
Information Technology (IT) is the fastest growing sector in the economy with a 68% increase in output growth rate projected between 2002 and 2012.
Employment opportunities are expected to be good in the IT industry as demand for computer–related occupations increases due to rapid advances in
computer technology, continuing development of new computer applications, and the growing significance of information security. For all IT–related
occupations, technical and professional certifications are growing more popular and increasingly important. It has a tremendous growth in demand in
the market and people are continuously upgrading themselves with the latest IT related knowledge.
With the demand in knowledge, demand in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Definition in Training
Training is being defined as a planned and systematic effort to modify or develop knowledge, skill, and attitude through learning experience, to
achieve effective performance in an activity or range of activities. Its purpose, in the work situation, is to enable an individual to acquire abilities in
order that he or she can perform adequately a given task or job.
The Three Countries Slate
In order to survive and prosper, organizations in the private and public sectors will need to respond in a timely and flexible way to social,
technological, economic and political change. This means that an organization's survival and growth will depend on its ability to cope with the external
and internal requirements that these changes will demand. This implies that existing and new staff will need to acquire new knowledge, skills,
attitudes and perspectives on a continual basis.
There is now a global economy to contend with, competition of such countries like China and India where there are low labor costs and where
advantage is taken of the new market opportunities created by reductions in trade barriers and technological advances.
Gaining or maintaining an edge over competitors has become the priority of organizations, and also for individuals wishing to pursue a fulfilling career.
There are three countries in our selection and they are Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam.

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Macro Environment Analysis –
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Saudi Arabian Economy : An Introduction
Outline
Saudi Arabian Economy – An Introduction.
Initiatives taken by Government of KSA to Promote the Trade and Foreign Investment.
Saudi Arabia and the WTO.
Saudi Arabia and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
Appendix
List of References.
______________________________________________________________________________
Saudi Arabian Economy – An Introduction
Strong economic statistics and prosperous strategic financial positioning in the international market is the corner stone of any country's international
strategic positioning. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the third largest country of Asia after China and India, with population around 22 million owns a strong
economic prosperity The growth of Saudi Arabian economy has been accelerated manifolds during second part of twentieth century. This nation
building phenomenon is fortified with oil revenues segregated through the modernized institutes of establishment. Demographic studies reveal that with
3% population grown the Saudi folks will be doubled by 2020 and 65% of the total will fall in the ambit of less than twenty–five years. Following
these demographics, stake holders are paying special attention in the education sector, healthcare facilities, infrastructure, and industrial and agricultural
development. They have ample oil revenue that they are investing in these sectors. However, they have also considered domestic price for
telecommunication, electricity and power and petroleum products with the intent of

What Was The Impact Of Globalization In The Us
IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION IN THE UK CIRCULAR FLOW OF INCOME
The United Nations states that globalisation "is a widely–used term that can be defined in a number of different ways. When used in an economic
context, it refers to the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, services and labour...
although considerable barriers remain to the flow of labour... Globalisation is not a new phenomenon. It began in the late nineteenth century, but its
spread slowed during the period from the start of the First World War until the third quarter of the twentieth century. This slowdown can be attributed to
the inward looking policies pursued by a number of countries in order to protect their respective industries... however, the pace of globalisation picked
up rapidly during the fourth quarter of the twentieth century" Globalization has expanded quickly in the course of recent years; the primary helping
variables are regularly highlighted as:
–The quick extension in global exchange.
–Enhanced exchange liberalization where there are currently less limitations on global exchange.
–Significant worldwide capital streams.
–Developing immediate financing by multinational companies in different nations .
–Expanded global versatility of work and the related movement of individuals between nations.
–The joining of national economies and developing association of national economies.
Changes in technology that have led to the

Venture Capital in China: Past, Present, and Future
Ruohong Zhao Economic Development in East Asia, Term paper Dr. Yifan Zhang May 1, 2006
Venture Capital in China, Past, Present, and Future
Introduction China's stifled economy has experienced an unprecedented period of growth since the introduction of new economic policies at the Third
Plenum of the 11th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 1978. The long–suppressed entrepreneurial zeal of the Chinese people was rekindled
with the lifting of restriction on private business ownership. Later, the advent of Western–style venture capital funds provided budding Chinese
entrepreneurs with sources of hitherto unavailable capital. Western investments, advice, and discipline, combined with Chinese entrepreneurialism,
knowledge, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this period of great turmoil and transition, the imperial Qing dynasty that had ruled China for almost three centuries struggled to maintain the
last semblance of control, while leading political figures like Sun Zhongshan contemplated the formation of a democratic republic (Spence, 1991). The
relatively chaotic and transitional nature of the country, however, did not at all diminish the demand for manufactured consumer products. Instead, the
gradual opening up of the country (at least the coastal regions) created new demand that could not be entirely satisfied by the Western firms that rushed
to enter China. The imbalance between supply and demand gave opportunities to local entrepreneurs to create new business enterprises that would help
fill the new demand. Many new, Chinese–controlled firms grew up in the foreign–dominated enclaves (mainly in and around the city of Shanghai) that
provided relatively stable business environments during those turbulent times (Bergere 1989).
It was during a similar period of transition when the first of the entrepreneurs of the new China re–appeared. After the founding of the People's
Republic, the communist government abolished private ownership of businesses and nationalized all industrial and commercial concerns in 1956
(Bergere 1989). The subsequent two decades proved to be tumultuous as the Great Leap Forward, the Three–year Natural Disaster, and the Great
Proletariat Cultural Revolution wrought one catastrophe

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Smes In Nigeria
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as defined by the US business Act of 1953 refer to business enterprises that is independently owned and
operated and that isn't dominant in its operation. One with fewer than five hundred employees. According to Bank of Ghana (2006) under the Funds
for Small and Medium Enterprises Development defined small and micro enterprises as firms with assets (excluding land) of between 25million
Ghana cedis and 5million Ghana cedis. A lot has been said and written about SMEs the world over. It has also formed the subject of discussions in so
many seminars and workshops both locally and internationally. In the same vain, governments at various levels (local, state ... Show more content on
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Stanley and Mose (1995) see indigenous base industrialization process as a means of mobilizing capital towards productive ventures. Due to low
capital requirement, individuals can set up their own firms through their own resources, thereby, serving as means of mobilizing funds for economic
activities. UNECA, focus on Africa Industries (1991) states that SMEs can make contribution to the technological base of a Country. This cue was
taken from the USA where more than 40% of major innovations originate from small medium enterprises and individual investors.
Although assistance has been given to SMEs in Ghana, the sector has made relatively low contribution to the economic development of the Country,
though some have made immerse contribution to the economy. According to Hug (1989) SMEs provide the bulk of the people employed in
manufacturing in developing Countries. In Ghana about 70% of the total manufacturing employment is provided by the SMEs. A recent nation–wide
survey of all industrial establishments by the statistical Service in (2003) reveals that the SMEs contribute about 97% and employ 46% of the total
industrial labour

Essay On Cloud Computing
Feasibility Analysis PESTEL Political for the political part there is thing that IT associations doesn't consider while contemplating the move to cloud
computing. There are obviously a specialized issues that should be settled when any associations truly consider making the move to cloud computing
they will locate that inward political issues will ascend to the highest priority on the rundown of boundaries to appropriation. loads of utilizations
proprietor will oppose surrendering control of their applications and the committed servers because of a few reasons which is worries about
application execution as well as capacity to convey and control any updates to those applications. Strategy issues, for example, data protection,... Show
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Economic The way that cloud computing is turning into a developing concentration of consideration right now is by all accounts no mishap .Obviously
the monetary emergency is quickening the appropriation of cloud computing. thusly appears to propose that IT is by one means or another less
expensive when keep running in cloud models All things being equal, it bodes well that regardless of how much cash an IT association has in its
coffers, or what the development prospects are for its parent organization or its industry, that association is experiencing issues that have nothing to do
with spending plan, and everything to do with a capital escalated show .In conventional IT we fabricate or purchase an application quite often with
forthright authorizing charges or something to that affect then purchase framework on which to run the application. We then pay for a vast rate of the
aggregate cost of the application in advance and that venture is bolted into the achievement or disappointment of that application. cloud computing
changes that, nonetheless, in ways that have been expressed by numerous in the course of the most recent few years. The basic element is that cloud
computing can move venture from the application point of view from a capital–concentrated exchange to a continuous operational cost. Other variable
that is driving undertakings to consider the cloud is at last a similar thing that drives new companies into the cloud that

Angel investing
Angel Investing: Frequently Asked Questions What is an Angel Investor? An angel investor is a high net worth individual who invests his or her own
money directly into an early stage company, in return for equity (ownership) in the company. In addition to providing financial capital, angel investors
mentor and coach their portfolio companies, and help fill in functional or skill gaps in the company. They introduce the companies to other investors,
and to colleagues who may be able to increase the company's value. Most angel investors are entrepreneurs who have exited one or more businesses.
They often invest in companies for reasons that go beyond monetary return. This may include staying in touch with new business developments,... Show
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In the Philadelphia region, angel groups syndicate deals on a regular basis, sharing due diligence as well as terms. What Makes a Company a Good
Candidate for Angel Investment? 1. The company has a must–have product or service with a unique competitive advantage. The company's product
must identify a significant need among a large and clearlydefined target market. Investors use the term "pain point" to describe the problem that the
product will solve – and the company needs to relieve the customer's "pain" in a unique and compelling way. It needs to be a "must–have" rather than a
"nice–to–have" product for its target market. Robin Hood Ventures Angel Investing FAQs 2 12/3/2010 Angel Investing: Frequently Asked
Questions 2. The company has a working prototype of its product or service, and at least one paying client. Essentially, the product needs to be
ready to go. If the product is just an idea, it is too soon for angel investors to get involved. Likewise, if the company is already a successful business
looking to expand its market, it may be ready for the larger resources that venture capitalists can provide. In the case of life science companies, the
product should be either in clinical trials, or ready to begin this process. 3. The company has a detailed and well–thought–out business plan.
Entrepreneurs should be prepared for detailed,

Joint Venture Essay
The first country we will look at is China. The first thing to consider, when setting up a business in China, especially for a foreign national, is to
determine the legality of the business. Many types of businesses are not allowed to be run by foreign nationals in China. For example, an export trade
company cannot be run by a citizen of another country in China (Harris, 2017). Next, you need to decide if your corporation is going to be a joint
venture or what is called a wholly foreign owned enterprise (WFOE). A joint venture is a partnership with a Chinese citizen. While setting up a joint
venture may make the process easier, Issie Lapowsky of Inc. strongly suggests against it, as it often leads to the Chinese citizen winding up with ...
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It may be of some tax benefit to form a special purpose company to act as the investor for the WFOE according to Harris, who mentions Hong
Kong as a common location for this (2011). After all documents have been submitted, it is required that you formally ask for and receive approval
for the project from the Chinese government (Harris, 2011). This must be done in order to get the company registered. Then you need to submit
your articles of association, a feasibility study and your lease for government approval (Harris, 2011). It is important that you understand that the
government typically requires the first year of the lease to be paid in advance (Harris, 2011). Finally, salary and benefits packages and any other
documentation needed for the specific project will need to be submitted (Harris, 2011). After all documentation has been submitted it typically
takes between two and five months for approval, provided everything has been properly submitted (Harris, 2011). It should be noted that this
process can take significantly longer if there the company is large or complex and there may be licenses or other fees involved (Harris, 2011). The
process for setting up a corporation in China seems to be very complex, but well established with little surprises. Dan Harris, who appears to be the
subject matter expert on all things WOFE, states that if the process is complied with, there is essentially a 100% approval (2011). In fact, considering

Indian Common Asset Industry : India Essay
Chapter 1 involves Introduction to the topic, Industry profile of Indian mutual fund, Theoretical background of the study and need of the study.
Presentation is discussing what is the venture is about and how it identified with the point. The profile of Indian common asset industry incorporates
history, structure and execution of Indian shared asset industry and so on. Hypothetical foundation of the study discusses structure of the study, and
how the hypothesis is figured. Need of the study is about which open division or private area shared is better if there should be an occurrence of
profits. DEFINITION The securities and Exchange Board of India (Mutual Funds) Regulation, 1993 characterizes a common store "an asset built up as
a trust by a patron, to raise monies by the trustees through the offer of units to, the general population, under one or more plans, for putting resources
into securities as per these controls". In this study the study on the execution assessment of open and private area common assets in India is brought
out through relative execution file, hazard return examination, Treynor 's proportion, Sharp 's proportion, Jensen 's measure. The information utilized
is every day shutting NAVs. The wellspring of information is site of Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI). The consequences of execution
measures propose that the vast majority of the common asset have given positive return amid 2013 to 2015. The monetary framework incorporates of

Case Study: New Venture Financing
9–802–131 REV: AUGUST 1, 2006 HOWARD H. STEVENSON MICHAEL J. ROBERTS New Venture Financing One of the most common issues
which an entrepreneur faces revolves around securing financing for the new venture. The questions of how and when to raise money and from whom
are frequent topics of concern. This piece will attempt to describe some common sources of capital, and the conditions under which money is typically
lent or invested. Overview As in most transactions, the owners of capital expect to get something in return for providing financing for the venture. In
evaluating potential opportunities, the providers of funds will typically use some form of a risk/return model. That is, they will demand a higher return
when they... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some specialized firms provide "seed capital." Most venture capital firms require that a business move beyond the idea stage before they will
consider financing it. Yet, some businesses require a good deal of work, and money, to get from the concept phase to the point where they can obtain
venture capital financing. These seed funds can provide this kind of capital, as can "angel" investors (see below) and friends and family. Bootstrapping
First, it is worth pointing out that many successful ventures receive no outside funding of any kind. Entrepreneurs use their own savings, credit cards,
a second mortgage, even personally guaranteed loans, to start their businesses. The appeal of this strategy is clear: 100% ownership of the equity. 2
New Venture Financing 802–131 Amar BhidГ© conducted a study1 in the late 1980s that found that 80% of the 500 companies on Inc. Magazine's list
of the 500 fastest growing companies were started–and grown–with no outside equity capital. Indeed, the median start–up capital required was $10,000.
Certainly, one factor that enables a bootstrap approach is the selection of a business without a particularly deep cash flow trough. Thus, inventing a new
drug or starting a semiconductor manufacturing enterprise are businesses that would be difficult to bootstrap, simply because of the huge amounts of
capital required. The ideal business for

The Seven Interrelated Variables that have Helped...
International Business behaviour business transactions everywhere throughout the world. These transactions incorporate the goods, services,
technology, managerial knowledge, and capital to other countries. International Business includes export and imports. Global Business is moreover
alluded to, called or escaped as a Global Business or an International Marketing.
According to dictionary.com (n.d), International trade is the trade of exchange of goods or services along international borders. This sort of exchange
recognizes a more amazing rivalry and more cantered assessing in the business segment. The opposition brings about additional reasonable items for the
shopper. The trade of products additionally influences the economy of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Globalization alludes to the continuous social, investment, and political process that develops the connections and grows the bury conditions around
countries, their kin, their organizations, their associations, and their legislatures. International business involves all commercial transactions between
private and governmental between parties of two or more nations. Global occasions and rivalry influence practically all organizations substantial or
little. However, the universal environment is more intricate and varying than an domestic domain.
Globalization is a difficult concept to measure. As of now, about 25 percent of world production is sold outside of its country of origin, restrictions on
imports continue to decline, the foreign ownership of assets as a percent of world production continues to increase, and world trade continues to grow
more rapidly than world production. That said, on a quality foundation, only a few countries (mainly very small nations) either sell more than half of
their production abroad or source more than half of their consumption from foreign countries. Further, the essential wellspring of capital in practically
all countries is still household. Emulating are seven interrelated variables that have helped the spiralling development in globalization.
1. Increase in and Expansion of Technology
Vast improvements in transportation and

Globalization : The Shorthand Methods And Effects Of...
Globalization is utilized as the shorthand method for explaining the connectedness and spread of communication, technologies, and production across
the globe. That involves the entwining of cultural and economic activity. People also use globalization in the evaluation of the IMF (International
Monetary Fund), the World Bank, and the WTO (World Trade Organization) notwithstanding others in the making of an all–inclusive free market for
services and products. Furthermore, this is conceivably and fundamentally harming to the dominant parts of poorer nations, often a way of exploiting
the larger process. Then again, the wealthier countries might be profiting. About the network sense in social and financial life internationally,
globalization has been expanding for quite a long time. The size and unpredictability of the included systems, the speed of trade and correspondence,
and in addition the sheer level of connection, exchange, and hazard give what is by and by alluded to as globalization the exceptional force. Likewise,
this prompts worries about the roles the World Bank, IMF, and WTO might be playing in this.
The World Bank assumes a part in the speeding up of globalization by giving debt relief on to low income nations. It is an international financial
institution providing low interest loans to developing countries for education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector
development, agriculture, and environmental and natural resource

The Impact Of Entrepreneurshipial Challenges For Women
WASHINGTON– The Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship met last Thursday to discuss legislative ways to strengthen the
entrepreneurial ecosystem for women in the United States.
Chairmen James Risch led the session alongside Ranking Member and NH Senator, Jeanne Shaheen. Three successful female business entrepreneurs
were invited to speak on a panel on behalf of the community to discuss what changes need to implemented.
"This is the time for opportunity." commented Elizabeth Gore, the entrepreneur in residence at Dell. "Women in all areas of business have such great
potential to succeed, so why aren't they?"
Over 9.4 million businesses are owned by women, employing over 7.9 million people and add $1.5 trillion in sales ... Show more content on
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"When you hear stories like that, as a woman, you just shake your head," commented Shaheen. "It's all too familiar."
Chadwell's story of unconscious gender bias isn't the only one. A study conducted by researchers from Harvard and MIT found investors are 68
percent more likely to choose ventures pitched by men. The study isolated gender by having men and women pitch the same exact business plan to
investors. Female entrepreneur's business plans were 40 percent less likely to be chosen over mens.
Michelle Richards, the third panelist and the founder of the Great Lakes Women's Business Council (Great Lakes WBC), stated her company was
working on ending this disparity, but it simply is not enough.
"For women to succeed they need what I call the three C's – capacity, customers and contracts," said Richards. "Contracts cause the biggest issues, so
we're working on improving that aspect."
The Great Lakes WBC started a small business loan program that has created over 1800 jobs across nine Michigan counties. Richards states this is just
a start for women entrepreneurs in America.
After hearing the stories from the female entrepreneurs, Risch agreed there needed to be a change in structure.
"The conversation has been striking this morning," said Risch. "Federal government doesn't always do the things they should and that's why we're here
today."
As the conversation continued, the panel stated structural challenges

Head Start Framework
The nation over training change promotion associations are demonstrating that when vital, centered, and tenacious, they can change political will.
These crude not–for–profit backing gatherings are bringing dependable, fact based, unprejudiced voices for education change to their state capitals.
Those gatherings will convey a truly necessary open voice to how those arrangements are formed. A new era of education reform strategy creators has
taken up the reason for changing state educational systems to get ready understudies for a drastically evolving economy, brought on by state–level
support groups who are assuming a significant part in propelling change state by state. The PIE Network is comprised of 25 such state–level support
agencies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the prime activities offered by Head Start is the "Parent and Child Together (PACT)". "Intergenerational programming", exercises and
discovering that happens in the youngster's classroom or the association's current projects for families among day or night hours and in addition in
groups and homes (NHSA, 2017). These open doors offer time for guardians to watch their children learning and creating key scholarly and life
aptitudes with their kids. Parent Time that incorporates issues significant to social differences, acculturating guardians into the American training
framework, readiness for successful support of the child's education, life and parenting abilities, techniques for parent association in their child's
training in school and at home, initiative and school choice open doors, benefit learning and group challenges, urban engagement and volunteerism,
family support, proficiency and essential aptitude advancement, and business related

Financial Diagrams
Financial diagram In the most recent century, developing and positive working class assumes a vital part in building a superior nation for themselves
and for future ages moreover. The personal satisfaction is enhanced because of the venture that working class do in Canada's future gainfulness for
each age that takes after. It is imperative for Canada to make brilliant and key venture that will develop Canada's economy. Financial plan 2016 gives
quick help to the white collar class of Canada, yet continuous development is additionally essential. By financing in framework right now in the
undertakings that are required by Canada and individuals of it–development of working class is secured in future moreover. Meanwhile, to give new...
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The adjustment in atmosphere additionally makes troublesome for groups. From floodways to control networks, Canadian people group require
speculation to make Canada protected and strong place to live. Putting resources into framework causes Canada to make better employments and
financial development that assistance to assemble groups that Canadian are glad to call home. With noteworthy interest in broad daylight travel, green
framework and social foundation, Spending plan 2016 take the benefit of fundamentally low loan costs to restore Canada's foundation and situating
Canada better for what's to come. Outline 1 New framework spending Open travel, green framework and social foundation The outline is picked from
spending plan 2016: section 2 – Development for White collar Class on 2017–10–10 http://www.budget.gc.ca/2016/docs/design/ch2–en.html The
components support business development and advancement With a specific end goal to wind up plainly the worldwide inventive pioneer, Canada
needs the imaginative business people and innovative organizations of Canada should catch worldwide market chances to develop their organizations.
The clean monetary development will impel by all around associated firms, builds the profitability of Canada and bolster well paying employments. As
the legislature is building up its development motivation, spending plan 2016 takes some genuine

Small and Medium Enterprise in Bangladesh
The Small and Medium Enterprises worldwide are recognized as engines of economic growth. The commonly perceived merits often emphasized for
their promotion especially in the developing countries like Bangladesh include their relatively high labor intensity, dependence on indigenous skills and
technology, contributions to entrepreneurship development and innovativeness and growth of industrial linkages. Out of 11% employment of the
civilian labor force provided by the manufacturing sector, about two thirds are estimated to be provided by the small and cottage industries sector.
Again, development of small industries facilitates the effective mobilization of capital and labor resources. They also help in raising standards of living.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recommendations (1) Uniform Definition of SMEs: There should be a consensus on developing a uniform definition of each category of SMEs with
generic classification around the country. It should be given standard industrial code (SIC). Without uniform definition, formulation policy and its
implementation are not possible. (2) Seed Money, Leasing, Venture Capital and Investment Funding: There is a need for improving different aspects of
financial services of SMEs, such as seed money, leasing, venture capital and investment funding. There is a lack of long–term loans; interest rates are
high, Guarantee/Security issues, exchange risks etc. All these limit the development of SMEs. Finance, both short and long term, should be provided at
market cost of capital.Fund should be made available through encouragement for setting up 'Venture Capital' organization in Bangladesh. The concept
of venture capital (VC) has successfully operating in the USA, EU countries, and Canada. (3) Establishment of Small Business Investment and Lending
Corporation (SBILC): We should start with 'something effective' for industrial development in general and the SMEs sector in particular. Such a step,
for example, could be the establishment of a separate Corporate body. That means a separate financing institution could be developed, with joint
ownership of the public and private sector. To make the proposed

The Absent Rainbow in Silicon Valley
Minorities in America are the fastest growing consumers of technology, ranging from smartphones to social media, But not only are the absent from
having any input on how these products are being created and developed, it is even more difficult to gain entry into. At the heart of the question is
how to develop tech communities of people who don't just consume media, but who create it and can then use it to solve problems in their
communities. While it is apparent that the population of minorities in Silicon Valley is low, it is difficult to uncover the explanations for these
depressing demographics. There are two categories of intersecting obstacles for minorities wanting to get a foothold in the technology markets. There
is a deficiency in access to technology and computer science educational programs, and there is a lack of venture capital available to minorities. These
two factors create a deficit of collective capital required for potential minority entrepreneurs to broker deals for investments.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) shows that out of the 600,000 people working as computer and information technology managers, 27 percent are
female, 5 percent are African–American and 5 percent are Latino. Although 15 percent of the American labor market is Latino and 11 percent is
African–American, only 6 percent of Latinos and seven percent of African–Americans employed in America are involved in computer and
mathematical jobs and occupations. These numbers illustrate how

Disadvantages Of Public Private Construction
To improve infrastructure many possible ways are used in history. One of the popular methods is Public Private Partnership or PPP. PPP is a joint
venture of both government authority and private business.
"A contractual arrangement between a public sector agency and a for profit private sector concern, whereby resources and risks are shared for the
purpose of delivery of a public service or development of public infrastructure"
– National council for Public Private Partnership of USA (Norment 2000)
1.2.Context
The main goal of PPP is to minimize the risk and to ensure that the capital is not blocked anywhere during the project. It further speeds up the
construction project completion time. Depending upon the type of construction various type of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Literature Review
Generally in all PPP construction maintenance, operations are transferred to SPC (special purpose company) or SPV (special purpose vehicle) for the
period of the project. It is the SPC which undergo agreement with the government and subcontractors.[2]
The many sided quality and long–haul center of framework ventures incorporate several risks amid the construction and operation stages. It obliges a
multidisciplinary approach to outline a project with the goal to minimize risk and to streamline costs and it requires engineering approach to
control and deal with risks. The PPP idea is in reality generally used to portray a range of possible connections between private and public sectors for
the agreeable provision of services. (Figure 1)[5] A successful PPP project is also determined by the ability of main stakeholders in managing the
involved risks in PPP projects.
For PPP to successful government need to maintain its involvement either ways as a partner or a regulator [5]. Government should set standards and
monitor for the quality and safety and make system where taxpayer public has maximum access to the product or services [5].
Figure 1: The spectrum of Public Private Partnership
2.1.Types of

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The...
Background of the thesis
The Central and Eastern European region has always carried huge potentials and various investment possibilities from the beginning of the early 90's.
This is especially factual for the automotive industry, which is considered one of the highest value added sectors of the economy, and the engine for
economic growth. However, expected results have not been completely fulfilled in Romania. Since the fall of the communist era, numerous venture
opportunities have appeared in the former Eastern European Block, though several difficulties, such as underprivileged infrastructure, obsolete
technology and political–legal barriers, a number of multinational firms have entered the Central and Eastern European markets.
My scientific ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The terminology used to denote the various types of business patterns or to describe identical or similar kinds of unit, since a reliable terminology
proves the specialists' constant interest in the study of market entry strategies, as well as their increasing awareness with reference to the frequent use
of suitable arrangements in the automotive industry. Chapter 2 will examine the theoretical views in which the cognitive framework will provide the
theoretical hypothesis, explicitly the privatisation process in the Central and Eastern European countries will be briefly presented, highlighting the
importance of the reorientation of the host country's stakeholders. Furthermore, the main concepts and terms of the thesis will be defined, followed
by an attempt to give a glance, in a CEE context, of these market entry strategies. Chapter 3 is framed into an overall overview of the automotive
sector, as well as its history and its main characteristics will be presented with the support of figures and tables. The analysis sustains previous
conclusions about the connections between two major examples in order to see the theory within specific practical examples. At the end of the
chapter, a conclusion will be drawn of the presented case studies of Renault and Ford, highlighting the importance of the auto industry in the

Is Venture Capital A Major Creator Of Innovations?
Governments around the globe have been trying to stimulate economic growth by encouraging entrepreneurship and creating innovations. Many
entrepreneurs with brilliant ideas had limited availability of financial resources. For more then thirty years Venture Capital was able to match bright
ideas of entrepreneurs with cash–rich investors, benefiting the economy by creating new jobs and generating wealth. This topic is specifically
interesting to investigate due to the lack in current research on the question "Is Venture Capitala major creator of innovations in Silicon Valley?"
Existing papers have been analyzing the impact of VC on the economies of Israel and European Union, but nothing was specifically related to the
technological heart ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The benefits of VC is not only financial, investors provide an important strategies and guide to success. Silicon Valley is a well known home for
startups. Much technological advancement would have never occurred if Venture Capital wouldn't invest a huge portion of their capital into the region.
The first glance at statistics revealed that most of the funds invested into the region have not left the perimeter for over 20 years. Investors are
particularly optimistic about the opportunities available in the area. Instead of reallocating funds after projects have come to the end, Venture Capital
firms choose to keep their investments in the Silicon Valley constantly searching for new opportunities. Due to this information I would state my
hypothesis: Without Venture Capital, Silicon Valley would not be as progressive as it is today. Many of the existing research has concluded that VC
plays a significant role in many economies. While entrepreneurship and small businesses plays a tremendous role in the economic growth, it was
proven that those that have received capital directly from VC have shown an accelerated development and were able to benefit the economic growth
faster than those who got financing elsewhere. Recent research have shown how Israel is successfully adopting the idea of Venture Capital. Economy
is benefiting from technological innovations, increase in employment and output, patented technology, and most importantly contributes

Empirical Model, Operationalization And Measurement Of...
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter comprised of research design, research philosophy, empirical model, operationalization and measurement of variables, target population,
sampling design, data collection instruments, data collection procedure and data analysis and presentation. The operational methodology that was used
in this study was the before and after basis where data was collected on firms before using venture capital and after using venture capital. (Bueselinck &
Margnat, 2003) argue that there is no "gold standard" in impact measurement.
3.2 Research design
(Borg &Gall, 1983) defined research design as a detailed plan on how a research study will be conducted. It is a plan according to which data is
collected to investigate the research hypothesis or question in an economical manner. According to Gall et al (2003) a research design is a plan for
collecting and utilizing data so as to obtain the desired information with sufficient precision or so that a hypothesis can be tested properly. It is a
framework that guides the collection and analysis of data.
A descriptive research design was adopted for this research. According to (Cooper & Schindler, 2003), a descriptive study is concerned with finding
out the what, where and how of a phenomenon. (Saunder et al, 2003) further assert that descriptive research is used principally to gain a deeper
understanding of something. The descriptive research collects data in order to answer questions

Risk Mitigation Using Joint Venture Agreement in the...
RISK MITIGATION USING VENTURE AGREEMENTS IN THE UPSTREAM INDUSTRY
(A CASE STUDY AND MODELLING APPROACH)
BY
SODE ADESOJI O. (51124473)
AUGUST 2012
A Dissertation Presented In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of
MSc. International Business Energy And Petroleum
At
The University Of Aberdeen
DECLARATION
I declare that this thesis has been composed by myself, that it has not been accepted in any previous application for a degree, that the work of which it
is a record has been done by myself, and that all quotations have been distinguished appropriately and the source of information specifically
acknowledged.
Signed:.................................................................
Name:.................................................................
Date: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ting Risk through Joint VentureAgreements
2.10Case Study 1
"CONOCO POLAR LIGHTS JOINT VENTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONA SUCCESSFUL STARTUP EXPERIENCE" 2.10.1Structure of

Joint Venture 2.10.2Partner Selection & Choice 2.10.3Contractual Terms 2.10.4Venture related Risks 2.10.5Learning Highlights
2.11Case Study 2
"ECUADOR ORIENTE BASIN BLOCK 16: AN EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION JOINT VENTURE" 2.11.1Structure of the Joint Venture
2.11.2Venture related Risks 2.11.3Exploration & Production/ Conoco Corporation's Withdrawal 2.11.4Economic, Financial & Political
Setbacks 2.11.5YPF South America Intervention 2.11.6Learning Highlights
Chapter 3Data, Methodology & Modelling
3.1Introduction
3.2General Parameters
3.3Field Parameters
3.4Methodology 3.4.1Scenario 1 (NOC & Investor) 3.4.2 Scenario 1 Monte Carlo Simulation 3.4.3Scenario 2 (NOC, Investor and other partners)
3.4.4 Scenario 2 Monte Carlo Simulation 3.4.5Scenario 3 (Budget Allocation) 3.4.6 Scenario 3 Monte Carlo Simulation
Chapter 4Model Results, Limitations & Discussion
4.1Introduction
4.2Scenario 1 Analysis 4.2.1Appraisal Result 4.2.2Simulation Result 4.2.3Sensitivity Analysis
4.5Assumption Limitations
4.6

Dfsdf
VENTURE CAPITAL–– AN OVERVIEW OF THE BASIC ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR ENTREPRENEURS
A NETPRENEUR.ORG SPECIAL REPORT AUGUST 2001
PREPARED BY: ANDREW J. SHERMAN, ESQ.
ANDREW J. SHERMAN, ESQ. MCDERMOTT, WILL & EMERY 600 13TH STREET, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005 (202) 756
–8610 (202)
756–8087 (FAX) AJSHERMAN@MWE.COM (E–MAIL)
WDC99 474195–1.T06139.0012
INTRODUCTION
At several recent Netpreneur.org Coffee & DoughNuts events, including the May 23rd program on Ratchets, Cramdowns and Other ScaryVenture
Capital Terms as well as the recent Startup.com film event on July 17th, many members of our Netpreneur community posed questions on the
fundamentals of structuring venture capital transactions, including many that time prevented the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The investment
WDC99 474195–1.T06139.0012
2
is often structured more like a quasi–joint venture, because corporate venture capital often brings more to the table than just money, such as access to
the resources of these large companies. Corporate venture capital efforts typically revolve around the corporation's goals to incubate future acquisitions;
gain access into new technologies; obtain intellectual property licenses; provide work for unused capacity; technology entrepreneur thinking to current
corporate staff; final hours for excess cash; and break into new markets.
NARROWING THE FIELD

Preparation is the key to obtaining an initial meeting with the institutional venture capitalist. There are three central components to the preparation
process: business and strategic planning; effective networking; and narrowing the field. A well–written business plan and financing proposal is a
necessary prerequisite to serious consideration by any sophisticated source of capital. Effective networking means using professional advisers,
commercial lenders, investment bankers and consultants who may be able to assist you to get the business plan into the hands of the appropriate
venture capitalists. Institutional sources of capital are often flooded with unsolicited, "non–introduced" plans that are more likely to end up in a
wastebasket than before an investment committee. Remember that the average venture

History Of The Venture Capital Industry
1.2.History of the venture capital industry
Historically venture capital represented a small portion of alternative assets, which in turn represented a small, but sizeable, portion of the global
financial asset base. (INSERT CITATION). Prior to the semiconductor boom in the 1960s, venture capital was closer to what today is described as
angel investing. During this period, the majority of new venture financing originated from individual investors, and often financed by the entrepreneur
or his or her family and acquaintances. (INSERT CITATION).
Prior to the Second World War, most new venture financing was sourced from wealthy individuals and families. (CITATION) George Doriot is often
regarded as father of the modern, whereby he established the investment firm ARD in 1947 to source institutional funds to be invested in financing new
ventures. (CITATION) A decade later the U.S. government passed the Small Business Act of 1958, through which the government provide financing in
form of debentures to Small Business Investment Companies (SBICs). While SBICs backed some of today's most well–known multi–national
corporation such as Xerox or FedEx, and share many aspects of the modern VC firm, they did not become the accepted model for venture financing. (
Venture Capitaland Finance of Innovation, Metrick et al) Perhaps the most valuable outcome of SBICs for the establishment of the venture capital
industry was that it trained the professionals who later established the venture

The Indian Land Division Is A Standout
Presentation The Indian land division is a standout amongst the most universally perceived parts. In the nation, it is the second biggest business after
horticulture and is slated to develop at 30 every penny through the following decade. It embodies four sub parts – lodging, retail, cordiality, and
business. The development of this area is very much supplemented by the development of the professional workplace and the interest for office space
and additionally urban and semi–urban housing. As per a study by ICRA, the development business positions third among the 14 noteworthy divisions
regarding immediate, roundabout and actuated impacts in all parts of the economy. It is likewise expected that this segment will bring about all the
more non–inhabitant Indian (NRI) interests sooner rather than later, as an overview by an industry body has uncovered a 35 every penny surge in the
quantity of enquiries with property merchants. Bengaluru is relied upon to be the most supported property speculation destination for NRIs, took after
by Ahmedabad, Pune, Chennai, Goa, Delhi and Dehradun. Business Size The Indian land business sector size is relied upon to touch US$ 180 billion
by 2020. The lodging division alone contributes 5–6 every penny to the nation 's (GDP). Additionally, in the period FY08–20, the business sector size
of this segment is required to increment at a compound yearly development rate (CAGR) of 11.2 every penny. Retail, friendliness and business land are

The Pros And Cons Of The Huge Depression
The firm detachment between commerce and banking in the financial world had been established by The Glass–Steagall Act, 1933. One of the banks
that detained the Act of 1956 tried to concern the same phase of detachment to companies. Undergoing the Huge Depression, the limitations were
expected to hold back the clash of interest and extra risk in the amalgamation of banks and security relations. All through the mid–twentieth century, the
form modulation and accumulation of insurance that Glass–Steagall created proved to be very productive to decrease the failures of the bank.
The bank holding companies objected that the Glass–Steagall limitations were proving to be out of use. To stay in the competition, Banks were willing
to go into the municipal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1986, The Glass–Steagall limitations were re–illuminated by the Federal Reserve System and it was directed that up to 5 % of gross revenues could be
obtained by a bank in investment banking system. The respective system extended to loosen the limitations in 1987, at the time when the Board
accepted the appeal of a number of banks to take part in sundry underwriting businesses. The Federal Reserve System sanctioned banks to manage some
of other things among mortgage backed securities, commercial paper and municipal bond. At the end of 1996, the Federal bank issued a venturesome
decision, permitting bank holding organizations to possess venture managing an account operations that represented as much as 25 % of their incomes.
The choice rendered Glass–Steagall discontinued, since for all intents and purpose any organization would have the capacity to stay inside the 25
percent level. As the Federal Bank permitted budgetary establishments to assorted qualities their venture operations, the keeping money industry was
likewise moving towards more noteworthy consolidation. The methodology was at that point underway, yet it expanded fundamentally after the section
of the Riegle–Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994, which disposed of past confinements on interstate banking and

Case Study Tesla Motors
Tesla Motors implied very successful strategies which led them to survive in the competitive market. Tesla hired the former retail guru of Apple named
George Blankerhsip. He was responsible for opening Apple store in US which was customer–oriented store. The company was able to deal with
customers directly and understand their needs. The main purpose of designing such store is that the costumer can learn about new products and can
come later to purchase the product in future. Tesla Motors has a major advantage of such stores as their products are electronic vehicles they could be
kept in the indoor environment.
4.Policies:
Tesla Motors follow the ethics and code of conduct which were formulated by the board of directors. This code of conduct adopted on May 2010,
includes a wide range of procedures or methods. On the other hand, these procedures ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Elon Musk was involved in designing the innovative Tesla Roadster. He was awarded with the Global Green Award for the spectacular design which
was presented by Mikhail Gorbachev. Elon Musk became the new CEO of Tesla on October 2008. He took the responsibility of controlling day to
day operations of the organization after huge success of Roadster and speeding up the development of second model known as the Model S.
Tesla's regional service and sales centers were launched by Elon which was across two continents. It was in May 2009, the CEO was able to assure
a $50million investment from Daimler. He also led a cost down program in 2009, which turned out to be a great success and helped Tesla to achieve
profitability. Elon also seems to be involved in the development of a fully electronic sedan vehicle known as Model S which will be produced in the
factory of Northern

Chameleon Shoes Sources Of Capital
Chameleon Shoes Sources of Capital Every business needs some form of capital investment hence the need for entrepreneurs to identify reliable
sources of financing. The chameleon shoes venture, being a new business opportunity will require reliable sources of capital. In fact, the chameleon
shoes business will require finances to purchase assets and for its working capital operations. As such, this paper seeks to explore various sources of
capital with particular interest on venture capital as well as their pros and cons.
Potential Sources of Capital Personal savings is the first potential source of capital for investing in the chameleon shoe venture. Personal savings
especially money put aside in a bank is easily accessible and is very instrumental in starting off the business venture (Castellani et al., 2013).
Actually, personal savings are important because they can be used to develop one or two pairs of chameleon shoes which will act as samples. Using
personal savings to come up with samples of the chameleon shoes helps in pitching the product and making it possible to expand the capital outlay by
attracting potential investors. Therefore, the pros for personal savings are its ease of accessibility and its ability to assist an entrepreneur pitch a
product in the early stages. Unfortunately, personal savings has shortcomings because it is often inadequate or the amount may be too small to make an
impact. Moreover, angel investors are a suitable

Essay On Canada And Globalization
Canada is a standout amongst the most comprehensively coordinated nations on the planet, with an exceedingly propelled arrangement of interchanges
and data innovation, an administration that is dynamic in worldwide associations, an economy that is subject to exchange, a populace that voyages
abroad every now and again, and a general public made out of people from a heap of social foundations.
Globalization has dependably rivaled other verifiable strengths, including patriotism. Accordingly, history has seen both periods in which the world has
turned out to be more incorporated, and times in which the pattern has been switched. There was, for occurrence, a high level of worldwide financial
association from the mid–nineteenth century until ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Significant eatery networks, McDonald's noticeable among them, work outlets around the globe. Garments brands and styles cross seas and national
limits effortlessly. This procedure has met resistance from individuals and gatherings, (for example, the global Moderate Sustenance development that
promoters against society's inordinate liberality in fast food and ways of life) resolved to keep up conventional

The Affordable Care Act : Reducing Competition
How the Affordable Care Act Is Reducing Competition
The Affordable Care Act was created to assure all Americans have access to affordable insurance, but as stated by Sir Isaac Newton for every action
there's an equal and opposite reaction. As more and more people become insured in this country, the for–profit insurance companies are reaping the
benefits from the legislation of the Affordable Care Act.
The creators of the Affordable Care Act inexcusably anticipated that new kinds of health plans, designed in our nation's capital, would emerge to
displace the national for–profit insurers.(Gottlieb, 2015, para. 3) Two inventions were engineered to help guide the Affordable Care Act in favor of the
consumers.
The first invention of Obama care was not–for–profit "co–ops" plan that Obama Care funded with almost $2.5 million in grants.(Gottlieb, 2015, para.
3) The vast majority of co–ops have failed or are failing miserably due to poor planning and compromised structural integrity. The co–ops have been
more of a financial burden rather than bringing solidity to our health care system. During the last half of 2014 the Health and Human Services
Department had to rescue six co–ops with $356 million in emergency funding.(Gottlieb, 2015, para. 6)
The second invention of Obama Care was the consolidation of hospital systems of epic proportions; they would be able to market their risk–bearing
health insurance directly to patients.(Gottlieb, 2015, para. 7) During all these

Kraft Food Inc's Hostile Takeover of Cadbury
Introduction A multinational company of Kraft Foods is an American firm doing the business for food and beverage. It produces belong to a
global markets and has many brands that over 170 countries (Kraft Foods, 2011). And its brands are divided into five main sectors: snacks,
beverages, cheese, grocery, and convenient meals. The major competitors of Kraft are NestlГ© S.A.; Unilever; ConAgra Foods, Inc.; Groupe
Danone; H.J. Heinz Company; Sara Lee Corporation; etc. One of the world's fourth biggest suppliers of chocolate and sugar confectionery is
Cadbury, which merged with Schweppes in 1969. One of its products, which is Dairy Milk and it is very successful molded chocolate in UK. The
main products of Cadbury are bars, drinks, ice–cream... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bargaining power of suppliers: There are lots of farm in Brazil and South of American, so that the bargaining power of suppliers is low in this
industry and the buyers can compare and choose the lower price and quality supplier (International Cocoa Organization, 2012). So, this is positive to
the business. Rivalry among established competitors: There are lots of companies around the world for the confectionery industry that lead to this
industry violent for the competition. So, this is negative to the business. Bargaining power of buyers: According to the research, it showed that the
demand of chocolate confectionery industry had the potential for increasing, as the chocolate sales rose 28% in 2008, and dark chocolate sales rose
12% (National confectioner Association, 2009). Thus, this is positive to the business. Threat of entry: When a company entry to a new industry, a
company require lots of capital. Since the company needs to buy the plants, machines, etc. So, it lead a company to have a large economic of scale.
Moreover, it is difficult to access to supply and distribution channels. Threat of substitute: In Walmart can find lots of related chocolate products from
different companies, that means there are lots of substitute for the customers (Walmart, 2012) Potential partners: There are lots of benefits or
advantages for the contractual partnership. The four processes to build contractual partnership are appraising suitable strategic

venture capital Essays
CHAPTER –1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Venture capital, a financial innovation of the twentieth century, is a long–term liquid investment, which can be in the form of equity, quasi–equity and
sometimes debt in new and high–risk ventures. Venture capital became better known after the famous legend of Apple Computers, which started out in
the US in 1977 with the capital firm, Arthur Rock & Co. Apple Computers then made it to the Fortune 500 and Arthur Rock & Co. attained height in
Venture capitalindustry. However the success of Venture Capital in USA stimulated world countries to practice on Venture capital.
A number of technocrats are seeking to set up shop on their own and capitalize on opportunities. In the highly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Companies such as Digital Equipment Corporation, Apple, Federal Express, Compaq, Sun Microsystems, Intel, Microsoft and Genentech are famous
examples of companies that received venture capital early in their development.
In India, these funds are governed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) guidelines. According to this, venture capital fund means a
fund established in the form of a company or trust, which raises monies through loans, donations, issue of securities or units as the case may be, and
makes or proposes to make investments in accordance with these regulations.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
Venture Capital is one of the fastest emerging sources of finance for new entrepreneurs. In spite of its increasing popularity, funding via Venture Capital
is faced with a number of difficulties. Thus, it is important to study the various aspects of raising funds through Venture Capital.
1. Trends in the Indian Venture Capital Industry.
2. To study the current Indian scenario.
3. To find out the different contributors to the Indian Venture Capital Industry and their investment industry wise.
4. To identify the major players in the Indian Venture capital Industry.
5. To identify the problems faced by the Indian venture Capitalists.

6. To study the various guidelines of the regulatory body "SEBI".
1.4 SCOPE
Major limitation of the project has been the unavailability of current data, of the contributors to

Christopher Althoff Research Paper
Where we are from, our own personal history contributes to who we are. Each of our own stories are unique and make up a part of ourselves. We all
have a knowledge of our own, customs, traditions, a family, and a history. Christopher Althoff was an honest, hard working man. He was born in
Florsheim, Germany on June 25, 1852. Christopher and his younger brother, Henry left Germany to seek employment and to start a new life in
America. Christopher was just twenty years old when he left Germany, all that he had known. Christopher Althoff and Henry Althoff emigrated to the
United States in 1873. They took residence in Carroll County, Iowa. In Iowa is where Christopher became acquainted with Bernadina Herting.
Bernadina was born April 1864 in Germany.

Venture Capital Securities: An Options Based Approach
University of Pennsylvania
ScholarlyCommons
Wharton Research Scholars Journal
5–1–2006
Valuation of Venture Capital Securities: An
Options Based Approach
A. Lloyd Thomas
University of Pennsylvania
This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/36
For more information, please contact repository@pobox.upenn.edu.
Wharton School
Valuation ofVenture CapitalSecurities: An Options Based Approach
Disciplines
Business | Finance and Financial Management
This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/36
Valuation of Venture Capital Securities
1

Valuation of Venture Capital Securities
An Options ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
21
Capped Participating Preferred ................................................................................. 22
Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 24
Garbage in / Garbage Out ............................................................................................. 24
Simplifications .............................................................................................................. 24
Deterministic/Stochastic Model................................................................................ 24
Seniority.................................................................................................................... 24
Conversion ................................................................................................................ 25
IPO ............................................................................................................................ 25
The Nature of Common Stock ...................................................................................... 26
Black–Scholes ............................................................................................................... 28
The Template, a Practical Example, and a Conclusion .................................................... 29
The

Venture Capital
Venture capital
Venture capital (also known as VC or Venture) is a type of private equity capital typically provided to early
–stage, high–potential, and growth
companies in the interest of generating a return through an eventual realization event such as an IPO or trade sale of the company. Venture capital
investments are generally made as cash in exchange for shares in the invested company.
Venture capitaltypically comes from institutional investors and high net worth individuals and is pooled together by dedicated investment firms. A
venture capitalist (also known as a VC) is a person or investment firm that makes venture investments, and these venture capitalists are expected to bring
managerial and technical expertise as well as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By far Whitney 's most famous investment was in Florida Foods Corporation. The company developed an innovative method for delivering nutrition to
American soldiers, which later came to be known as Minute Maid orange juice and was sold to The Coca–Cola Company in 1960. J.H. Whitney &
Company continues to make investments in leveraged buyout transactions and raised $750 million for its sixth institutional private equity fund in 2005
Early venture capital and the growth of Silicon Valley
One of the first steps toward a professionally–managed venture capital industry was the passage of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958. The
1958 Act officially allowed the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) to license private "Small Business Investment Companies" (SBICs) to help
the financing and management of the small entrepreneurial businesses in the United States. During the 1960s and 1970s, venture capital firms focused
their investment activity primarily on starting and expanding companies. More often than not, these companies were exploiting breakthroughs in
electronic, medical or data–processing technology. As a result, venture capital came to be almost synonymous with technology finance.
It is commonly noted that the first venture–backed startup is Fairchild Semiconductor (which produced the first commercially practical integrated
circuit), funded in 1959 by what would later become Venrock Associates. Venrock was founded in 1969 by Laurance S.

Can Democracy Remedy Africa 's Problem? Essay
Can democracy remedy Africa 's Problem?
Democracy the representation of people by leaders they elect to bring their problems for solving or politics by discussion. What does this mean? This
is a preamble that pushes for people to be awake and bring out legislation that will favour them. The title then asks, can democracy remedy Africa 's
problems? No. Why do I say no it's because before we bring a theory not born of Africa to solve our problems we end up facing a fragmentation of
knowledge.
On one hand, the fracture of learning identifies with the hostility between the endogenous intelligence and encounter and the information acquired
from the pilgrim past. Then again, it identifies with the separate effect of religions (specifically Christianity, Islam and animism) on the ideological
estimations of improvement. These diverse types of fracture have brought extraordinary ideological disparity and an absence of social roots.
The ideological divergences between the African pioneers were especially affirmed amid the East–West encounter, spinning around liberal and Marxist
belief systems. The end of socialism significantly constrained the degree of this fracture without, notwithstanding, disposing of it. The divergences
between African political figures now show up in two ways: the fight for authority, both in the locale and with pilgrim powers, and the topic of majority
rules system and the way of regular citizen or military administrations. These disagreements were constantly

Challenges Faced By Companies Of The Bionanotechnology...
There are many challenges faced by companies in the Bionanotechnology sector depending on their size.
Small companies
According to Dr. Elicia Maine, an Associate Professor at the SFU's Beedie School of Business, most of the Bionanotechnology research in Canada
takes place at the University level. The researchers at the University level look for the labs in their own University only that have industrial
participation. So, many of the Nano–biotech researches for the startups remain at the University level and therefore lag behind on new research due to
scarcity of funds. Further, the researchers at the startups have to work for long hours and get little time to read the journals related to their research and
keep themselves updated about the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dr. Maine suggested that Nano–biotech companies should divide their research into different branches or even different companies, so that they can
maintain diversity while accepting the Venture Capitalists demands. An important example of such a company is Nanogram Corporation, which
directed its research into different areas including medical devices, consumer electronics and solar energy. The research at Nanogram was purchased
by a Japanese company Teijin Ltd. In the year 2010.
Another important issue involving the funding by the Venture Capitalists is the Risk Capital in the Nano–biotech sector. According to CVCA
(Canada's Venture Capital and Private Equity Association), the worldwide risk investment in Canada dropped by 22% to $380 million in 2012,
although overall investment remained stable at $1.5 billion in 2011. Thus, Canadian research based Nano–biotech firms are often the target of foreign
buyers as risk capital in Canada is lower than United States. Alberta is seen as the ideal destination for funding by the Venture Capitalists.
Large Companies
A big challenge faced by the multi–nationals in the Nano–biotech sector is to keep the innovation alive. According to Dr. Maine, the radical innovations
happens mostly at the smaller companies. The big companies, although profitable, lacks diversity and flexibility in their research focus because of the
stakeholders and Investors demands. However, innovations can occur at the big companies

The Pros And Cons Of Immigrants And Strengthen Our Economy
Immigrants help build and strengthen our economy Immigration in this county has profoundly shaped our politics and culture. We need to keep in
mind that this country's successes would be possible without the millions of immigrants that come here to work and contribute to the economy and our
GDP. Thus, immigrants account for 15% of the U.S. working population and account for 10% of GDP which estimates to trillions of dollars annually.
In 2014, the California Immigrant Policy Center, reported immigrants' participation in California's economy and showed that immigrants produce 31%
of the state's GDP Estimating in 650 billion dollars annually. Immigrants strengthen our economy В· Read PPT / Small businesses owned by immigrant
employed over 4.7 million people in 2007... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the California Immigrant Policy Center, Immigrants are more than one–third of California's labor force and are more likely to be
entrepreneurial and create their own jobs. В· Read PPT / Immigrants have started more than 25% of Public traded companies in the U.S. that were
backed by venture capital investors (National Venture Capital Association). For Ex. Google, YAHOO, Tesla, EBay, Nordstrom and much more
Positive impacts В· Read PPT / Immigrants represent 33% of all bachelor's degree holders of engineers, 27% of mathematicians, statisticians and
computer scientist and 24% of physical scientists (Census Bureau). В· Read PPT / immigrants increase our nations growth by developing innovative
ideas. 2011 immigrants were credited with contributing to more than 75% of patents issued to the 10–top patent–producing universities in the U.S.
(Partnership for the New American Economy). To conclude: Generations of immigrants helped lay the railroads and build our cities. Immigrants helped
us strengthen our economy and they continue to make America the economic engine of the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Venture Capital
VENTURE CAPITAL
"Everything begins with an idea"
–Earl Nightengale
INTRODUCTION
The term 'Venture Capital' is associated with the funding of start–ups by venture capitalists, which show potential to make it big in the future. The
venture capitalists earn by getting ownership equity in the firm. The main of form of venture capital investments begin after the initial seed funding.
Venture capital is essential for the companies who focus on novel ideas, because it is difficult to get a loan from banks for it. INITIAL HISTORY
Georges Doriat also known as father of venture capitalism, opened up a venture capital firm, American Research and Development Corporation
(ARDC) in 1946. The main objective of ARDC was to encourage soldiers returning from the world war. ARDC became the first equity firm to generate
capital not from the wealthy families but other sources as well. ARDC invested ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, suppose you have a novel business thought however you don't have enough cash to adequately bring it to the market yourself before
contenders enter the business sector , venture capital firms may permit you to rapidly make and grow the business, gaining market share and brand
recognition before competitors enter the market.
As an organization develops, its worth has a tendency to expand, so venture capital firms can wind up making the original owner's stake in the
organization more profitable.
From the point of view of a start up, Venture capital offers the potential for large sums of investment and is an attractive investment. Venture capital
investors regularly bolster creative new businesses which have a degree for business expansions and can bring about higher returns when contrasted
with interest in stocks and

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