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Persentation of SAD 2
1.
2. Normalization
Normalization is the transformation of complex of
user views and data to a set of smaller, stable, and
easily maintainable data structures.
It is the process of removing redundant data from
your tables to improve storage efficiency, data
integrity, and scalability.
It provides ideal data storage for database
systems.
3. Why Normalization?
The relation derived from the user view
will most likely be unnomalized.
So, the purpose of normalization is to
store each row of data only once , to avoid
data anomalies.
Normalization is way to making your
database “mistake proof” so you can’t
create situation where data disagree with
itself.
4. Normalization’s Steps
1. First Normal Form
2. Second Normal Form
3. Third Normal Form
4. Elementary Key Normal Form
5. Boyce–Codd Normal Form
6. Fourth Normal Form
7. Essential Tuple Normal Form
8. Fifth Normal Form
9. Sixth Normal Form
10. Domain/Key Normal Form
6. First Normal Form(1NF)
Remove any repeating groups.
All repeating groups are moved into a new
table.
Foreign keys are used to link the tables.
When a relation contains no repeating
groups, is in the first normal form.
Keys must be included to link the relations.
7. Second Normal Form (2NF)
Remove any partial dependencies.
A partial dependency is when the data are
only dependent on a part of a key field.
A relation is created for the data that are only
dependent on part of the key and another for
data that are dependent on both parts.
8. Third Normal Form(3NF)
Remove any transitive dependencies.
A transitive dependency is when a relation
contains data that are not part of the entity.
The problem with transitive dependencies is
updating the data.
A single data item may be present on many
records.
