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Communication
Lecture One
Introduction to the internet concept
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Internet Concepts (‫ئینتەرنێت‬ ‫)چەمکی‬
Network (‫شبکات‬ ‫یا‬ ‫:)تۆڕ‬ is group of connected and
communicated devices.
Internet: is global network of computer networks.
Protocol: is a set of rules that govern data communication.
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Internet Services
1-WWW (World Wide Web or Web): the World Wide
Web is a collection of interlinked documents on the
internet. Examples : www.facebook.com,
www.google.com, www.xendan.org
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2-Instant Messaging (IM):is a type of online
chat which offers real-time text transmission.
Examples : Yahoo Messenger, Paltak
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3-Electronic Mail (Email): is method of exchanging
digital messages from one sender to one or more
recipients. Examples : Gmail, yahoo mail, outlook.
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4-File Transfer Protocol (FTP): is a standard protocol
used to transfer computer files from one host to another
over the internet, contains two things Upload and
Download , Examples of website for uploading and
downloading files : 4shared, Torrent, Media fire
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5-IPTV(Internet Protocol Television) Examples of online
televisions : Kooora online, Kurdsat live, Rudaw live
6-VOIP( Voice Over Internet Protocol) Examples : Viber,
Tango , Skype
7-IR(Internet Radio) : examples : xendan radio, Rudaw
radio
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Some commonly used term (‫باو‬ ‫زاراوەی‬ ‫هەندێک‬)
• URL (Uniform Resource Locators): is a text
address that uniquely identifies a web page on
the internet.
Example :
http://www.Google.com
Protocol Service Domain
name
Top- level domain
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• Hyperlink : is a piece of text, or graphic that acts like
button, clicking a hyperlink perform an action such as
moving to a different part of the same page or another
page.
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• ISP (Internet Service Provider): is a business that
supplies internet services to individuals, companies,
government organization…etc.
Examples : Newroz Telecom(Rerber), Tishknet
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• Web browser: is an application program that enables
to view individual web pages or collection of
interlinked web pages that comprise websites.
Examples Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet
Explorer
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Search Engines
A search engine is a tool designed to search for
information on the World Wide Web. The search
results are usually presented in a list.
Examples
• www.google.com
• www.yahoo.com
• www.ask.com
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RSS (Really Simple Syndication): is a family of
web feed formats used to publish frequently
updated works—such as news headline, audio,
video.
Example : Google Reader, Freedly
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Cookies: are usually small text file, given ID
tags that are stored on your computer’s browser
directory, to keep track of your movements
within the site,
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Internet Cache: Each time you display a web site
within your web browser, a copy of the information
(both text and pictures) is saved on your hard disk.
The reason for this is that the next time you want to
re-visit the site, the information is quickly loaded
from the copy on your hard disk, rather than slowly
from the actual Internet site.
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