This document provides information to design a human security program for Afghanistan. It begins with background on Afghanistan's geography, demographics, and history. It then discusses the concept of human security and identifies key insecurities in Afghanistan related to economic issues, food access, health, and environment. For each insecurity, it outlines root causes and relationships between factors. The document proposes using a human security framework involving vulnerability and capacity analysis to understand threats to human well-being in Afghanistan and how to build resilience.

1. Designing a Human Security
Programme for Afghanistan
Presented By:
Kazi Sumaiya Akter Safa-19131014
Nahrin Jannat-19131029
Rokaia Shiddiqua-19131041
Md. Shakhawat Hossain Shah-
19131050
Majit Bosri Himel-18131036
Hasibul Ahsan Saif- 1713104
Course Name:
Fundamentals of
Human Security
Management
Course Code: DHSM-
4109

2. Table of Contents

3. Afghanistan
• a landlock country and
located in the South-
central Asia
• official name is Islamic
Emirate of Afghanistan
• considered as to be
the “Heart of Asia”
• bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west,
Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north,
Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and
east

4. • GPS coordinates of 34° 32'
38.0256'' N and 69° 9'
38.3472‘’ E.
• According to source of the
country's Central Statistics
Office (CSO) and the
Independent Directorate of
Local Governance (IDLG)- in
Afghanistan, there are total 412
districts and 34 provinces in
this country
Afghanistan

5. Demographical Information
• The current population of Afghanistan was 40,543,827
as of Sunday, May 8, 2022 (Afghanistan Population
(2022) - Worldometer, n.d.).
• 37th largest country in the world
• population density is 60 per Km2 (154 people per mi2)
• shares 0.50% of the total world’s population.
• multi-ethnical country

6. • Of the 31 million or so Afghan residents, 42% are
Pashtun, 27% Tajik, 9% Hazara, 9% Uzbek, 4% Aimak,
3% Turkmen, 2% Baloch and 4% fall into an unspecified
"other" group
• fertility rates of 37.9 per 1,000 population
• infant mortality rate is now 110 fatalities per 1,000 births
• The average number of children born per woman in
2018 was 5.12
Demographical Information

7. Brief History of How Afghanistan was Born
• Born through fighting and war
• During Pashtun Rulers Reign, The Mughals of northern
India took control over the region in 1504
• next two centuries fought the Iranian Safavi Dynasty for
control of Afghan land
• In 1760, The first Durrani ruler, Ahmad Shah, known as
the founder of the Afghan nation, united the Pashtun
tribes and built an empire extending to Delhi and the
Arabian Sea

8. Treaty of Rawalpindi, signed in 1919, ended the
Third Anglo-Afghan War and established
Afghanistan's formal independence date.
But politically it was born on 2001.

9. Concept of
Human Security
• The United Nations in its
General Assembly
resolution 66/290, defined
human security as, “human
security is an approach to
assist Member States in
identifying and addressing
widespread and cross-
cutting challenges to the
survival, livelihood and
dignity of their people.”

10. • Human security is considered as the powerful approach
and analytical framework which can enable the
resiliency of the current world with chaos and
monarchy. It promotes its core value in three fields
which are- a world free of fear, free from want and a life
to live with dignity (WssAdmin, n.d.).
• In 2002, at the initiative of Japan, the UN Commission
on Human Security (CHS) was created and the CHS
published its report “Human Security Now” in the
following year.

11. Overall Human Security in Afghanistan
• Due to the series of civil war and dominations,
Afghanistan was declared as the soil of humanitarian
charity.
• the financial conditions broke down and got worsen
• quite difficult for the Afghan government to fight back
against the devastated state alone
• In 1998, small acts of terror traced to the al-Qa’ida
organization questioned the human security of
Afghanistan before the whole world.

12. • For the past two decades, Afghanistan experienced
brutality, anarchy, torture, murdering, rape, expulsions,
relocation, theft, as well as every other aspect of
today's international warfare.
• As it lacks national organizations capable of
generating such data, Afghanistan is no longer
mentioned in the tables of the United Nations
Development Program's annual World Development
Report.

13. Identifying the Insecurities, their Root
Causes and Relationship among them
Economic Insecurity

14. Economic Insecurity………
• poverty causes more severe situation than terrorism in
Afghanistan (Tadjbakhsh, 2005)
• GDP increased by 3.9 % in 2019, fell by 1.9 % in 2020, and
the administration predicted a 4 percent increase in 2021 if
the security situation remained stable
• investment spending productivity falls by 4% while
connectivity within Afghanistan is maintained can cause a
12% drop in Real GDP and it can also impact the poverty
with a 23% increase by 2020 (UNDP Socio-economic report
2021-22)

15. Economic
Insecurity
custom-base
revenue fell
very sharply
significantly reliant
on donor agencies
Security and counter-terrorism
initiatives received the majority
of off-budget donor money
International assistance was
linked to corruption, rents &
appropriation by local
strongmen, all of which
harmed governmental
legitimacy
failed to offset the impact
of broader political
economy forces

16. Food Insecurity…..
• regarded as one of the world’s largest highest malnourished
countries
• major causes of food insecurity are poverty and conflict
• 54.5 %, live in poverty, and 53.2 % of the country's population
is food insecure, with 35 percent of people suffering from acute
food insecurity (Ritchie, 2011)
• recurring food insecurity has risen fastly since 2014 as a result
of increased war, conflict, migration from neighbouring states,
and high poverty; in the winter season, food insecurity is
extremely high than in other seasons due to cold weather and
unemployment

17. Food
Insecurity
very severely food
insecure except
winter adjustment
In 2016-17, more than three
quarters of Afghans who were
food insecure—10 million
people—lived in rural areas.
three out of ten are
extremely or severely food
insecure
Only approximately
half of rural Afghans
are food secure

18. Health Insecurity………..
• According to WHO, both the rural and urban areas have been
facing low level of safe drinking water accessibility and
hygienic sanitation
• The life expectancy is also low here comparatively to other
countries of the world. It is only 40 years.
• One quarter of babies die in infancy, and about one birth in
sixty leads to death of the mother.
• One child in two is malnourished, which typically leads to
stunting of growth.
• Most youngsters in some sections of the country are deficient
in iodine, which lowers median Intelligence Quotient (IQ).

19. Health
Insecurity
Women suffer from
severe mental
depression
Low Productivity
Rate
Women have different
gynaecological Issues
Infant mortality and
mother mortality rate is
high and it impacts the
human resource
capability

20. Environmental Insecurities…….
• presently undergoing its worst drought in 27 years, which,
when combined with COVID-19 and the economic
contraction
• Climate change is increasing the internal and external
migration and thus making the marginalized people very
much vulnerable.
• Climate change is increasing the probability of more
frequent and serious local land and water disputes, as well
as conflict over transboundary resources.

21. Environmental
Insecurity
most exposed to
ecological threats in
the world
still remains the
most violent place
in the world
Inadequate water supply
Agriculture and animal
breeding consume 90% of
water usage, which is a
significant imbalance
when compared to
effective water
management techniques

22. Human
Security
Framework:
Vulnerability
and Capacity
Analysis

23. Human
Security
Framework:
Vulnerability
and Capacity
Analysis

24. Human
Security
Framework:
Vulnerability
and Capacity
Analysis