hybridization ppt

2.  Gregor Johann Mendel was born on July 20th, 1822 in
the Austrian Empire, now the Czech Republic.
 He was an Augustinian friar of the Catholic church
and a scientist. He eventually became the abbot of
St. Thomas' Abbey, after which his scientific work
decreased due to increasing
administrative responsibilities. Mendel is known for
pea-plant experiments and subsequent theories on
genetics. During a seven year period, Mendel
experimented with pea plants in the garden owned
in his monastery.

3. WHY PEA PLANTS ?

4. Mendel was well aware that there were certain preconditions that
had to be carefully established before commencing investigations into
the inheritance of characteristics. The parental plants must be known
to possess constant and differentiating characteristics. To establish this
condition, Mendel took an entire year to test "true breeding" (non-hybrid)
family lines, each having constant characteristics. The
experimental plants also needed to produce flowers that would be
easy to protect against foreign pollen. The special shape of the flower
of the Leguminosae family, with their enclosed styles, drew his
attention. On trying several from this family, he finally selected the
garden pea plant (Pisum sativum) as being most ideal for his
needs. Mendel also picked the common garden pea plant because it
can be grown in large numbers and its reproduction can be
manipulated. As with many other flowering plants, pea plants have
both male and female reproductive organs. As a result, they can
either self-pollinate themselves or cross-pollinate with other plants. In
his experiments, Mendel was able to selectively cross-pollinate
purebred plants with particular traits and observe the outcome over
many generations. This was the basis for his conclusions about the
nature of genetic inheritance.

5. STEPS FOR DOING
HYBRIDISATION

6. 1.SELECTION OF PARENT PLANTS WITH
DIFFERENT QUALITIES.
2.REMOVES STAMENS FROM FEMALE
FLOWER
3.COLLECTS POLLEN GRAINS FROM THE
MALE FLOWER
4.POLLINATES THE FEMALE FLOWER USING
THE COLLECTED POLLEN GRAINS.
5.COVERS THE MOTHER PLANT WITH
POLYTHENE BAG.
6.COLLECTS SEEDS
7.GERMINATES THE SEEDS
8.SELECTS AND GROWS BETTER VARITIES
OF OFFSPRINGS.

7. GENETICS OF PEA
PLANT