The document discusses Bird Flu (avian influenza). It begins by defining Bird Flu as a disease caused by the H5N1 virus that can infect birds and occasionally humans. The first human cases occurred in 1997 during an outbreak in Hong Kong. Between 2003-2005 there were additional outbreaks across Asia and the Middle East. Symptoms in humans range from mild to severe and can include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Prevention methods include avoiding contact with infected birds and practicing good hygiene. While there is no vaccine, antiviral medications can help treat symptoms. India is vulnerable to outbreaks due to factors like population density and migratory bird routes.
2. Index
In this session, we
will explore
● What is Bird Flu?
● History of Bird Flu
● Possible reasons for
occurrence of Bird Flu or avian
influenza
● How do humans get infected
by Bird Flu? (mode of
transmission)
● Symptoms of Bird Flu
● Prevention of Bird Flu
● Treatment of Bird Flu
● Extra question
● Map
● Number of laboratories
3. What is Bird
Flu?
Bird Flu refers to the disease caused by
Highly Pathogenic Asian Avian
Influenza Type A (H5N1) Virus. These
viruses naturally spread among wild
aquatic birds worldwide and can infect
domestic poultry and other bird and
animal species. Bird Flu viruses do not
normally infect humans. However,
occasionally human infections with Bird
Flu viruses have occured. Humans and
other mammals can get infected by
affected birds.
5. The first known cases in humans were reported in 1997, when
an outbreak of avian influenza Type a subtype H5N1 in poultry
in Hong Kong led to severe illness in 18 people, one third of
whom died.
Between 2003 and late 2005, outbreaks of subtype H5N1, the
deadliest variety of Bird Flu, occurred among poultry in
cambodia, china,indonesia,japan, kazakhstan, laos, malaysia,
romania,russia, south korea, thailand, turkey and vietnam.
Hundreds of million of birds in those countries dies from the
disease or were killed in attempts to control the epidemics.
Similar culling events in africa, asia, and the middle east.
According to the world health organisation (WHO), more than
850 people were infected with H5N1 between 2003 and 2016;
more than 50% of those those individual died. The majority of
human kH5N1 infection and deaths occured in egypt,
indonesia and vietnam.
7. A number of factors contribute to make india vulnerable to
primary incursion of avian influenza into the country.
These include:
● High density of poultry population;
● mixed rearing of chicken and ducks;
● three flyways of migratory passing through the country;
● illegal movement of poultry and poultry products from
infected areas into the country;
● Presence of large number of water-bodies visited by
migratory or wild birds;
● inadequate biosecurity in backyard rearing;
● inadequate sanitation of wholesale and retail poultry
markets;
● endemic situation of avian influenza in the
neighbouring countries and porous nature of the
border.
8. How to humans get
infected by Bird Flu?
(mode of
transmission)
9. Bird Flu spreads through contact like all other viral
infections. Infected birds shed Bird Flu virus through
their saliva, droppings etc. humans infections with
Bird Flu viruses can happen when the virus gets into a
person's eyes, nose or mouth or is inhaled. This can
happen when the virus is in the air (in droplets or
possibly dust) and a person breathes it in or possibly
when a person touches something that has the virus
on it then touches their mouths, eyes or nose.
Human infections with Bird Flu viruses have occurred
most often after unprotected contact with infected
birds or surfaces contaminated with Bird Flu viruses.
11. The symptoms of Bird Flu typically begin within two to five
days after catching the virus. They’re often similar to those
of the seasonal flu, and can range from mild to severe.
They include:
● Conjunctivitis (infection of the transparent membrane that
lines your eyelid & eyeball)
● Fever greater than 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C)
● Cough
● Sore throat
● Headaches
● Difficulty breathing
● Fatigue
● Nausea and vomiting
● Muscle aches
● Abdominal pain
● Bleeding from the nose or gums
● Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea are more commonly seen in people who have the
H5N1 infection
13. ❏ The best way to prevent Bird Flu is to avoid the
sources of the exposure.
❏ People who work with poultry should follow infection
control practices, such as wearing personal
protective equipment and following proper hand
hygiene protocols.
❏ Wild birds can also be a source of the infection, so
it’s best to let local or state agencies dispose of a
dead bird. If a large number of birds are dying in the
same area, a wildlife organization will likely
investigate the cause. People shouldn’t get too close
to birds, and should avoid touching surfaces that are
contaminated with bird droppings.
❏ Bird Flu spreads through contact with the secretions
from infected birds. So, the best way to prevent
contracting Bird Flu is to stay away from both live
and dead birds because they could be infected
14. ❏ If you feed birds, then do it from a distance. Make
sure you don’t let stray birds like pigeons or crows
into your home. Their droppings could be infected.
Do not hold or touch birds.
❏ Wash your hands often with warm water and soap,
especially before and after handling food, in
particular raw poultry. Use different utensils for
cooked and raw meat. Make sure meat is cooked
until steaming hot.
❏ People who’ve been in contact with an infected bird
may be given antivirals preventatively, as these
medications can also help prevent infection.
15. ❏ The seasonal flu vaccine doesn’t protect
against avian flu.
❏ The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) tells people who are traveling to
countries with avian flu to avoid visiting areas
where birds are raised or sold, including poultry
farms and open-air market, and to avoid visiting
places where eggs and birds are sold in
unsanitary conditions. They also advise making
sure that any poultry or eggs you eat are fully
cooked and to avoid dishes that contain blood
from animals.
17. Currently, there is no cure for Bird Flu. However,
antiviral medication such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
and zanamivir (Relenza) can be used to treat the
symptoms of the disease. These medications work
by preventing the virus from reproducing in the
body, which can help reduce the severity and
duration of the illness.
It’s important to seek medical attention if you think
you may have been exposed to Bird Flu or if you
experience any symptoms. Early treatment with
antiviral medications can improve your chances of
recovery and reduce the risk of serious
complications.
19. The good news is that Bird Flu hardly ever
spreads from one kuman to another. There are
very few instances of one human catching the
viral infection from another infected person.
But that does not make it less dangerous than
other types of viral infection. In fact, Bird Flu is
deadly. According to the world health
organization (WHO), the mortality rate of Bird
Flu in humans is 60%, which means that upon
60% of the affected humans succumb to the
H5N1 infection.
Bird Flu does not spread through the
consumption of well-cooked chicken or
duck or their eggs. This is a common
misconception. Earring bird meat and eggs
safe. World health organization has
confirmed the when you thoroughly wash
and clean bird meat and eggs and then cook
them at high temperatures, all viruses die.
Wash and sanitize your hands frequently. If
you are into the poultry business, and your
state has reported ouroutbreaks of Bird Flu,
then contact the authorities
Is Bird Flu more dangerous the other
flu?
Will i get Bird Flu from eggs and
bird meat?
20. The map highlights the states
where Bird Flu or highly
pathogenic avian influenza
H5N1 outbreaks in poultry
were reported between
February 2006 - April 2015
in the India.
21. S.No. State Status
1 Himachal pradesh (Shimla) Completed and functional
2 Gujarat (Vadodara) Completed and functional
3 Uttarakhand (Hrishikesh) Completed and functional
4 Goa (Panjim) Completed and functional
5 Haryana (Sonipat) Completed and functional
6 Chhattisgarh (Raipur) Completed and functional
7 Meghalaya (Shilong) Incomplete and Status unknown
8 J & K (Jammu) Completed and functional
9 Rajasthan (Jaipur) Completed and functional
10 West Bengal (Jalpaiguri) Completed and functional
23 laboratories are being set up in 21 states.
22. S. No. State Status
11 Madhya pradesh (Bhopal) Incomplete
12 Karnataka (Dev Nagar) Completed and functional
13 Orissa (Cuttack) Complete
14 Tamil nadu (Erode & Angalur namakkal) Completed and functional
15 Maharashtra (Nagpur) Completed and functional
16 Kerala (Tiruvalla) Incomplete
17 Andhra pradesh (Vijayawada, Hyderabad) Completed and functional
18 Manipur (Imphal) Completed and functional
19 Tripura (Agartala) Completed and functional
20 Jharkhand (Ranchi) Completed and functional
21 Bihar (Patna) Incomplete
23. Conclusion
In the final analysis, it is crucial to understand the severity of Bird Flu and take
preventative measures to avoid its spread. As we have seen throughout history, Bird Flu
outbreaks can have devastating effects on both human health and global economics.
By knowing symptoms and causes of Bird Flu, as well as how it spreads, we can take
steps to prevent its transmission. Proper hygiene and food safety are key in preventing
the spread of the disease.
It's also important to seek medical attention if you believe you have been exposed to Bird
Flu. While there are treatments available, they are most effective when administered
early on.
As we look to the future,it is important to monitor the situation and be prepared for
potential new outbreaks. By staying informed and taking preventative measures, we can
work towards a world where Bird Flu is no longer a threat.
