TBSS Radar, EW and Defense Courses

TBSS COURSES
Course Outlines 2018
This document presents the course outlines of
course TBSS designed, developed and delivered.
LEE Kar Heng, Ph.D, M.Eng, M.Sc, B.Tech,
MIEEE
Course Director and Subject Matter Expert
Director, TBSS
TBSS offers Standardized and
Tailored Courses in Radar,
Electronic Warfare and Defense
Technology.
We design, develop and deliver
courses that meet your training
and operational needs.
We had conducted numerous
courses in Singapore, Vietnam,
Myanmar, Pakistan and Taiwan

1
PRACTICAL OPERATIONS AND SUPPORTS IN RADAR SYSTEMS
Synopsis
This 3-day workshop is designed to help participants to gain knowledge in radar
system design and analysis for maintenance purposes, system engineering concept
in radar system maintenance, prevent and corrective maintenance, radar system
measurement and calibration, reliability and maintainability, safety considerations,
EMC/EMI considerations and radar LRU and modules maintenance issues. Typical
radar systems will be used in appropriate topics for detailed discussion.
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN & GAIN:
 Appreciate system engineering, integrated logistic support and system
management and their applications in radar system maintenance and
sustainability
 Understand radar block diagram, functional operations of each block and
signal flow between the blocks
 LRU and modules maintenance considerations
 Interpret the transmitter frequency spectrum in terms of frequency
distribution, power output, receiver response, and an acceptable spectrum
curve
 Understand antenna, waveguides and radome
 Describe the methods for measuring the average and peak power outputs of a
radar transmitter
 Describe the methods of measuring receiver sensitivity
 Define receiver bandwidth in terms of the receiver response curve and state
the most common methods of measuring TR tube recovery time
 Learn various radar calibration, test and measurement techniques and
equipment used
 Understand preventive maintenance and associated tasks
 Understand corrective maintenance, fault finding methods and BITE
 Aware the safety concerns and precautions
 State the general rules for the prevention of personnel exposure to RF
radiation and emissions
 Understand EMC/EMI and faults caused by EMC and EMI issues
 Appreciate appropriate inventory of spare parts and importance of replacing
modules or components in accordance with manufacturers specifications

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PROPOSED COURSE OUTLINE
Day 1
Radar Block Diagram, Block Functions and Signal Flow (2 hours)
System Engineering, Integrated Logistic Support and System Maintenance (3 hours)
Reliability Models (1 hour)
Radar LRU and modules and other non-radar parts such as lubricant and paint (2
hours)
Day 2
Radar Equations and Performance Considerations (1 hour)
Prevent and Corrective Maintenance (1 hour)
Transmitter and Receiver (2 hours)
Antenna, Waveguide and Radome (2 hours)
Calibration, Test and Measurement Techniques (1 hour)
Day 3
EMC and EMI in Performance Consideration (1 hour)
MIL-STD-460 (1 hour)
RF Radiation and Emission (1 hour)
HIRF (1 hour)
Human Exposure to RF EM Fields (1 hour)
Practical Fixes (2 hours)
Customer Attended: Raytheon Singapore

3
2D AND 3D RADARS
SYNOPSIS
The participants will learn the fundamental concepts of 3D Surveillance and Airborne
radars. After the course, the participants will understand the issues and techniques in
2D and 3D Radars and their applications in 2D and 3D surveillance.
Day 1 – 2D and 3D Surveillance Radar (8 hrs)
 2D and 3D concepts
 Height Finding
 Introduction to Planar Array Concept
 Beam and Frequency Scanning in 3D Radar
 Pulse Compression and LFM
 MTI Concepts and Processing in 3D Radar
Day 2 – Airborne and Coastal Surveillance Radars (8 hrs)
 Modes of Operation and Selection Considerations
 Motion Compensation in Moving Platform
 Effect of Motion on Clutter
 Search Modes in Airborne Radar
 Tracking in Airborne Radar
Customer Attended: Ministry of Defence, Singapore

4
ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR COMPLEX DECISION
MAKING AND TENDER EVALUATION
SYNOPSIS
This 1-day workshop attempts to introduce AHP working principles to participants.
With the hands on practical session, the participants will be able to combine all the
provided information to make informed decisions. Spreadsheet template will be
used in the workshop for familiarization and appreciation of the methodology by
carrying out a mock-up tender evaluation.
 The mathematical principles behind AHP
 Application of AHP
 AHP pairwise comparison scale
 The inconsistency and sensitivity analysis
 Ratio scales
 The ratings model
 AHP and resources allocation
 AHP spreadsheet
 Practical hands on
Day 1
 The mathematical principles behind AHP (30 mins)
 Application of AHP (30 mins)
 AHP pairwise comparison scale (30 mins)
 The inconsistency and sensitivity analysis (30 mins)
 Ratio scales (30 mins)
 The ratings model (30 mins)
 AHP and resources allocation (30 mins)
 AHP spreadsheet (30 mins)
 Practical hands on using real tender proposal data (3 hours)
Customer Attended: Police Technology Department, Police Coast Guard

5
ANTENNA SYSTEMS USED IN ELECTRONIC WARFARE
APPLICATIONS
SYNOPSIS
This 3-day workshop is designed to help participants to apply antenna theory and
understand antenna parameters in EW systems.
 Basic principles of electromagnetic wave propagation
 Properties of transmission lines: Cables and Waveguides
 EW operations and systems
 Fundamental principles and parameters of antennas used in EW applications
 Dipole and monopole antennas, Loop antennas, Parabolic antennas, Yagi-Uda
antennas
 Patch and microstrip antennas and EW applications of patch antennas
 Antenna arrays and phased array antennas
 Multi-beam, beam forming and electronic beam steering
 EW applications of antenna arrays
 Frequency Independent EW antennas
 Electrical small EW antennas
 Related RF components: RF amplifiers, matching, multicouplers, oscillators,
modulators, transmitter and receiver
Day 1
 EW operations and some equations used in EW (2 hours)
 Electromagnetic Radiation and Wave propagation (2 hours)
 Antenna Fundamentals and Parameters (3 hours)
Day 2
 Transmission lines (2 hours)
 Dipole and monopole antennas (2 hours)
 Antenna array (1 hour)
 Waveguide, horn and parabolic antennas in EW applications (2 hours)

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Day 3
 RF components (1 hour)
 Phased-Array, beamforming and Electronic Beam Steering (2 hours)
 Adaptive and electrical small EW antennas and arrays (2 hours)
 Yagi-Uda and frequency independent antennas (2 hours)
Customer Attended: University students and Military officers (some of
the modules)

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ANTENNA SYSTEMS USED IN RADAR APPLICATIONS
SYNOPSIS
This 3-day workshop is designed to help participants to apply antenna theory and
understand antenna parameters in Radar Systems. The emphasis of this course is on
the radar system applications of the antennas.
 Basic principles of electromagnetic wave propagation
 Properties of transmission lines: Cables and Waveguides
 Radar block diagram and associated equations
 Fundamental principles and parameters of antennas used in radar
applications
 Dipole and monopole antennas, Patch and microstrip antennas
 Waveguide antennas, Parabolic antennas
 Antenna arrays and phased array antennas
 Multi-beam and electronic beam steering
 Antennas used in coastal surveillance, fire control and navigation for the
Navy
 Antenna issues in FMCW radars
 Solid-state and Magnetron radars and issues in antenna design
 Related RF components: RF amplifiers, matching, multicouplers, oscillators,
modulators, transmitter and receiver
Day 1
 Radar Block Diagram, Block Functions and Signal Flow (2 hours)
 Electromagnetic Radiation and Wave propagation (2 hours)
 Antenna Fundamentals and Parameters (3 hours)
Day 2
 Transmission lines (2 hours)
 Dipole and monopole antennas (2 hours)
 Antenna array (1 hour)
 Waveguide, horn and parabolic antennas (2 hours)

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Day 3
 RF components (1 hour)
 Phased-Array and Electronic Beam Steering (1 hour)
 Multi-beam, Multi-function radars (2 hours)
 FMCW radar antennas (1 hour)
 Solid-State and Magnetron radars (2 hours)
Customer Attended: Nil (offered as part of the Bachelor of Engineering
Degree Program)

9
ELECTRO-OPTICS AND INFRARED SENSORS AND SYSTEMS
SYNOPSIS
This 3-day course is designed to provide an overview of EO-IR systems and EO-IP
based systems. It reviews the impact of environmental processes on EO-IR
operations and discusses the performance issues. Lastly, it covers the major EO-IR
components and technologies.
 Basic EO-IR concepts
 EO-IR system overview and components
 Target characteristics, Atmospheric transmission
 Optics concepts
 Scanners and detectors
 Modulator transfer function and resolution
 Specification parameters
Day 1
 EO and IR sensors (2 hour)
 Target characteristics (2 hours)
 Atmospheric transmission (3 hours)

Day 2
 Optics (3 hours)
 Scanners (1 hour)
 Detectors (3 hours)
Day 3
 Modulation transfer function and resolution (4 hours)
 Specification parameters (3 hours)
Customer Attended: Police Coast Guard

10
UNDERSTANDING EMC
SYNOPSIS
This 3-day workshop is designed for system and equipment design and
development technical personnel and project staff who require adequate EMC
knowledge, for specification formulation in equipment, system and platform in
aerospace environment, engineering and system maintenance of electronic and
electrical equipment.
 Fundamental knowledge of problem and interference sources in electrical and
electronics
 Formulation of equipment and system requirements for EMC requirements in
equipment and system based on MIL-STD-461 and MIL-STD-464 Standards
 The HIRF requirements for aircraft
Day 1
 Development of EMC, HIRF for aircrafts and MIL-STD-461 and 464 for
military installations
 Antenna based systems, signals and coupling modes
 Aircraft EMC
 PED Interference
Day 2
 The HIRF equipment specification
 HIRF electromagnetic environment
 Aircraft HIRF testing
Day 3
 MIL-STD-461 – equipment level EMC and requirements
 MIL-STD-464 – system level EMC and requirements
 Inference protection techniques
Customer Attended: SAF Ammunition Command, DSTA

11
TECHNIQUES IN RADAR TRACKING
SYNOPSIS
This 5-day course aims to introduce the basic principles of radar tracking, various
tracking techniques and tracking algorithms
The participants will learn the fundamental concepts of radar tracking.
 define and state the application radar tracking
 understand track initiation, maintenance and termination
 understand various tracking principles and methods
 understand basic random variable and its application in tracking
 state and explain tracking errors and factors affecting the tracking accuracy
Topic 1. An Overview to Radar Tracking (4 hrs)
 Definition and Application of Tracking in Radar Systems
 Radar Block Diagram and Signals
 Tracking and Display Functionalities
Topic 2. Track Target Control and Information (4 hrs)
 Track Initiation Methods
 Track Maintenance and Termination
 Automatic Tracking and Masking
 Case Study of a Typical Tracking and Display System
Topic 3. Tracking Radar Techniques (2 hrs)
 Conical Scan Tracking
 Monopulse Tracking
 Range Tracking
 Doppler Tracking

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Topic 4. Tracking Principles (4 hrs)
 Radar Signal/Data Processing
 Plot Extraction
 Plot-to-Track Correlation
 Tracking Gate Generation and Maintenance
Topic 5. Target Tracking Methodologies (8 hrs)
 Single Target Tracking (STT)
 Track-While-Scan (TWS)
 Range-While-Scan (RWS)
 Track-And-Scan (TAS)
 Case Study of a Typical TWS System
Topic 6. Tracking Algorithms (8 hrs)
 Basic Probability, Random Variables and Processes
 - Filtering
 Kalman Filtering
Topic 7. Tracking Accuracy (2 hrs)
 Range, Course and Velocity Accuracy
 Tracking Performance Evaluation
 Radar Subsystems that Affect Tracking Accuracy
 Some Practical Tracking Errors
Customer Attended: Ministry of Defence, Singapore

13
ELECTRONIC INTELLIGENCE FOR NAVAL APPLICATIONS
SYNOPSIS
This 3-day workshop is designed to help participants to provide introduction of
typical analysis procedures and parameters of interest in ELINT. It covers the
interception of radar signals, use of receivers in the interception applications and
probability of intercept, direction finding and locating of emitter.
 Radar interception in EW
 LPI radar
 Future of ELINT
 Probability of intercept
 ELINT antennas and direction finders
 Emitter location determination
 Basic intercept system characteristics
 ELINT Receivers
Day 1
 Role of radar interception, parameter measurements, ELINT products,
Reporting and report analysis (2 hours)
 LPI radars, radar versus interceptor, radar sensitivity advantage, impact of
LPI radars and future of ELINT (3 hours)
 Probability of intercept, window functions, approximation of a POI, hopping
frequency radar (2 hours)
Day 2
 ELINT antennas (1 hour)
 Direction finding (1 hour)
 Emitter location using AOA, TDOF and TDOF/AA (2 hour)
 Intercept system characteristics and ELINT Functions (1 hour)
 Frequency coverage, analysis bandwidth, dynamic range, sensitivity (2 hours)

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Day 3
 Limits of ELINT parameter measurements (1 hours)
 ECM and ELINT receivers (1 hour)
 Crystal video receiver and superheterodyne receiver (2 hours)
 Instantaneous frequency measurement receiver (2 hours)
 Other ELINT receivers (1 hour)
Customer Attended: Part of the course was attended by the Republic of
Singapore Air Force.

15
RADAR SYSTEMS
in AVIATION, MARITIME and DEFENSE
INTRODUCTION
This 3-day course covers the radar system engineering, from radar system block
diagram, radar equations to complex signal processing techniques used. The course
will also cover various types of radars including the functions and technical
differences between primary and secondary radars used in air traffic control and the
differences of Vessel Traffic Radar and Coastal Surveillance Radars in Maritime. It
will also touch on phased array, multifunctions and active electronically scanned
radars. In particular, this cause will cover future radar technology from components,
design, processing and system perspectively.
The main objective of the course aims is to provide a strong theoretical
understanding of radars that are used in both military and commercial applications.
CERTIFICATE
Participants who complete the course with 75% attendance with be issued the
“Certificate of Participation” that is signed by the Instructor from TBSS. The
certificate illustrates the fulfillment of the course objectives per illustrated in the
course description.
TRAINING HOURS
21 hours from a total of 3 days
COURSE OUTLINE
1. Radar Systems Engineering (3 hours)
 Radar block diagram
 Practical Radar Equations: the Radar Range Equation
 Radar functions, types and characteristics
 Derivation of Probability of Detection and False Alarm Rate

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2. Radar Antennas (2 hours)
 Antennas and Propagation
 Antenna Characteristics – Gain, Beam Width
 Antenna Arrays
 Pattern Formation and Weighting Functions
 Sidelobe Blanking and Cancellation
 Summing and Difference Patterns
 Electronic Scanning – The Phased Array
3. Phased Array Fundamentals (2 hours)
 Impedance, Grating Lobing, Real and Virtual Scanning Space
 Array Feeds
 Digital Beam Forming
 Solid-State Active Array
 Some Systems
4. Active Electronically Scanned Array (ASEA) Radars (2 hours)
 Functions Allocation in Multifunction Radars
 ASEA Antennas and Operation Modes
 Mode Definition, Mode Control and Resource Management
 Air-Air Operations – LPI, PRF Considerations, Muli-Target Tracking
 Air-Ground Operations – SAR, Pulse Compression, Azimuth
Compression and Auto-Focus
5. Radar Signal Processing (4 hours)
 Statistical Characteristics of Radar Signals
 Coherent and Non-Coherent Detection
 CFAR
 MTI and Doppler Processing
 Pulse Compression and Matched Filtering
 Single Track Filtering –  filter and Kalman filter
 Sythetic Aperture Processing
6. Air Traffic Control Surveillance and Radar Systems (2 hours)
 Primary and Secondary Radars
 Surface Movement Radars
 Multilateration Systems
 IFF and Mode A/C
 ADS-B and ADS-C
 The ICAO guidelines on ATC Surveillance

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7. Multifunction Radars (2 hours)
 Functions
 Tracking and Control
 Resource management
8. Radar Performance Evaluation (2 hours)
 Trials, Experimentation and Measurements
 Acceptance Tests
 Statistical Analysis
9. Future Radar Technologies (2 hours)
 The use of AI in radar systems to combat EW
 Small Radars
 Photonics Based Radars
 Ultra-WideBand Radars
 Radars on Drones
Customer Attended: Republic of Singapore Air Force, Police
Technology Department, Singapore Technologies.

18
RADAR SYSTEMS for NAVAL OPERATIONS
INTRODUCTION
diagram, radar equations to complex signal processing techniques used, with focus
in small target detection capability. The course will also cover various types of
maritime and naval radars, including the functions and technical differences of
Vessel Traffic Radar and Coastal Surveillance Radars in Maritime. It will touch on
phased array, muti-functions and active electronically scanned radars. In particular,
this cause will cover future radar technology from components, design, processing
and system perspectives.
understanding of radars that are used in both military and commercial maritime
applications.
CERTIFICATE
Participants who complete the course with 75% attendance with be issued the
“Certificate of Participation” that is issued by the TBSS. The certificate illustrates the
fulfillment of the course objectives per stipulated in the course description. The
certificate entitles the participants a 5% discount when the participant attends
another TBSS organized course(s).
TRAINING HOURS
21 hours from a total of 3 days (24 to 26 January 2018).
COURSE OUTLINE
 Radar block diagram
 Practical Radar Equations: Solutions to Radar Equation
 Radar functions, types and characteristics

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2. Radar Antennas and Arrays (2 hours)
 Antennas and Propagation
 Antenna Characteristics – Gain, Beam Width
 Antenna Arrays
 Pattern Formation and Weighting Functions
 Sidelobe Blanking and Cancellation
 Summing and Difference Patterns
 Electronic Scanning – The Phased Array
 Impedance, Grating Lobes, Real and Virtual Scanning Space
 Array Feeds
 Digital Beam Forming
 Solid-State Active Array
 Some Practical Systems
4. Active Electronically Scanned Array (ASEA) Radars (2 hours)
 Functions Allocation in Multifunction Radars
 ASEA Antennas and Operation Modes
 Mode Definition, Mode Control and Resource Management
 Muli-Target Tracking
 Statistical Characteristics of Radar Signals
 Derivation of Probability of Detection and False Alarm Rate
 Coherent and Non-Coherent Detection
 CFAR
 MTI and Doppler Processing
 Pulse Compression and Matched Filtering
 Single Track Filtering –  filter and Kalman filter
 Diversity Techniques
 Sea Clutter Characteristics
 Techniques Used in Small Target Detection
6. Fire Control Radar (3 hours)
 Block Diagram and Design of FCS
 Search and Tracking Radar Components and Subsystems
 The Fire Control Problem and Equations

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7. FMCW Radar (2 hours)
 Benefits and Limitations
 Design of FMCW
 The design of a typical FMCW radar
8. LPI Radar (2 hours)
 LPI Radar Principles
 Characteristics of LPI radars
 Waveform Used in LPI radars
 Some LPI Radars
9. Marine Radar Performance Evaluation (2 hours)
 IMO Regulations on Marine Radars
 Performance and Evaluation
 VTS Radars
 Coastal Surveillance Radars
10. Future Radar Technologies (1 hour)
 Small Radars
 Photonics Based Radars
 Ultra-WideBand Radars
 Radars on Drones
Customer Attended: Naval Surface Warfare Center, Naval Military
Experts Institute, Republic of Singapore Navy.

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Electronic Warfare for RSAF
Course Synopsis
This course provides a brief introduction of Electronic Warfare with emphasis on the
Air applications. It covers the brief history, terms and definitions used in EW as well
as jamming techniques. In addition, this course also provides an in-depth discussion
on radar and communications covering radar surveillance, fire control radars and
the strength and weaknesses of radars. Last but not least, this course also gives an
overview to Electro-Optics and IR imaging techniques. Case studies on some
successes and failure will be presented to enhance the awareness of EW of the
participants.
This course is designed for participants with none or little EW knowledge.
Participants with EW experiences will be able to refresh their fundamentals.
Topics
 History of EW
 ES, EP, EA in modern warfare (specific to air warfare, including GBAD)
 Definitions and terms
 Radar and communications fundamentals (surveillance and fire control radars)
 Radar and communications vulnerabilities
 Jamming concepts
 Active vs passive jamming
 Denial and deception jamming
 EO/IR

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Topics Objective
History of EW EW is not new and has been practiced in
major conflicts. It is crucial to look at the
historical development of EW to appreciate
the strategic role it plays.
ES, EP & EP in modern warfare
(specific to air warfare, including
GBAD)
What is Electronic Warfare Support and
Electronic Project and How important are
they in Ground Based Air Defence?
Definitions and terms Technical terms are widely used in EW books
and articles, it is importance to understand
their definitions correctly to fully understand
the content.
Radar and comms Fundamentals
(Surveillance and Fire Control Radars)
What is a radar? What is a communication
system? What are the differences between
surveillance and fire control functions? This
session provides an introduction to Radar
Systems in terms of block diagrams and
applications.
Radar and Comms Vulnerabilities The difference between radar EW and
communication EW will be discussed how the
weaknesses of radar and communication
systems are being made use of in EW.
Jamming Concepts What is jamming? How are radar and
Communication systems being jammed? Is
interference jamming?
Active vs Passive Jamming Discuss active and passive jammings in terms
of their differences and applications.
Denial and Deception Jamming What are denial and deception jamming? This
session discusses denial deception jamming in
terms of operating concepts and how and
when are they being deployed.
Customer Attended: Republic of Singapore Air Force.

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OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION
SYNOPSIS
This 3-day course is designed to help participants understand test and evaluation (T&E)
in system acquisition and development. It covers the T&E in both the developmental
and operation phases of project implementations. The course also discusses the OT&E
basics, Design of Experiments (DOE), case studies and work examples.
 Understand the role of T&E
 Differentiate between Developmental and Operational T&E
 Understand the principles of OT&E
 Understand the OT&E processes and phases
 Understand DOE
 Able to perform DOE
 Perform test planning, design and analysis
Day 1
 Course Introduction
 System Life Cycle and System Engineering
 T&E in System Acquisition and Development
 OT&E Phases and Processes
Day 2
 Planning
 Test Execution
 Statistical Review
 Performance Testing and Comparison Testing
 Case Study and Worked Examples

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Day 3
 Single Factor, 2-Factor and Multi-Factor Design
 Limited Testing Analysis
 Fractional Design
 Case Study and Worked Examples
Customer Attended: PTD and PCG Logs (part of the course related to
ILS).

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TERMA 5102/5502 RADAR SENSOR SYSTEM TECHNICAL COURSE
Synopsis
This 5-day course covers the theoretical and practical parts of Terma Radar
(5102/5502/2202/5502/5602), depending on the system deployed.
The main objective of the course is the equip the participants to carry out necessary
operations and support at system level.
Duration
This is a 5-day course, covering a total of 35 hours.
Intended Audience
End users.
No. of Participants
6 per class.
Instructor
Certified Terma Engineer
Prerequisites
Good theoretical knowledge of electronics and some experiences in radar technology.
Set Up
The course requires classroom set up and access to radar site.
Proposed Course Outline
1. Radar System - Quick Summary
 Radar parameters, propagation and block diagram

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2. Signal Processing
 Pulse width discrimination
 M-of-N cancellation
 Sweep integration
 Frequency diversity
 Time diversity
 Squint angle
 STC
 MAL
 CFAR
 Pulse compression
 Power computation
 SCD
3. Transceiver
 Design and structure
 Specification
 Operations
4. Radar Service Tool (RST)
 Installation and start up
 Views, perspective and tools
 Recordings and playbacks
5. Modules
 Power supply unit
 CP4 processing boards
 PC carrier board
 External I/O
 Interconnections
 RxTx control
 RxTx
 SSPA
6. BITE
 Errors, warnings, logs and measurements
7. Cabling
 Wiring and terminations
8. Antenna
 Turning unit
 ACU
 Frequency converter

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9. Maintenance
 PM, CM and fault-finding
PRACTICAL
• Replacement of modules
• Using RST
• Adjustment and alignment
• Back-up
• Maps
• Print-outs
• Set-up of IP addresses
• Software update
• Physical inspection
• System familiarization
Customer Attended: ELCOM, Vietnam Maritime Administration,
Viettel, Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority.

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RADAR SYSTEMS WITH PRACTICAL USING SKYRADAR
SkyRadar Consortium, Germany
INTRODUCTION
diagram, radar equations to complex signal processing techniques used. The course
will also cover various types of radars including the functions and technical
differences between Vessel Traffic Radar and Coastal Surveillance Radars in
Maritime. It will also touch on phased array, FMCW and active electronically
scanned radars. In particular, this course will cover practical hands on using a real
radar system..
understanding and practical skills of radars that are used in both military and
commercial applications.
CERTIFICATE
Participants who complete the course with 75% attendance and pass a test (theory
and practical) with be issued the “Certificate of Achievement” that is signed by the
Program Director from AIC JSC and the Instructor from TBSS. The certificate
illustrates the fulfillment of the course objectives per illustrated in the course
description.
VENUE
The course will be conducted at site where the SkyRadar Training Systems are
installed.
TRAINING HOURS
35 hours from a total of 5 days.
7 hours of theory and practical tests.
COURSE MANAGEMENT
A secret Facebook group “TBSS Radar System with SkyRadar” has been created for
material depository, course forum and knowledge sharing.

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TIME TABLE
DAY 1
0800-0830 REGISTRATION
0830-1030 RADAR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (2 out of 4 hours)
1030-1100 BREAK
1200-1300 LUNCH
1300-1500 RADAR ANTENNAS (1 out of 3 hours)
1500-1530 BREAK
1530-1730 RADAR ANTENNAS (2 out 3 hours)
DAY 2
0800-1000 PHASED ARRAY FUNDAMENTALS (2 out of 4 hours)
1000-1030 BREAK
1030-1230 PHASED ARRAY FUNDAMENTALS (2 out of 4 hours)
1230-1330 LUNCH
1330-1530 FMCW RADAR PRINCIPLES (2 out of 3 hours)
1530-1600 BREAK
1600-1700 FMCW RADAR PRINCIPLES (1 out of 3 hours)
DAY 3
0800-1000 RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING (2 of 7 hours)
1000-1030 BREAK
1230-1330 LUNCH
1530-1600 BREAK

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TIME TABLE
DAY 4
0800-1000 SKYRADAR SYSTEM CONFIGURATION (2 out of 4 hours)
1000-1030 BREAK
1030-1230 SKYRADAR SYSTEM CONFIGURATION (2 out of 4 hours)
1230-1330 LUNCH
1330-1530 RADAR SYSTEM EXERCISES (2 of 5 hours)
1530-1600 BREAK
1600-1700 RADAR SYSTEM EXERCISES (1 of 5 hours)
DAY 5
0800-1000 RADAR SYSTEM EXERCISES (2 out of 5 hours)
1000-1030 BREAK
1030-1230 FMCW EXERCISES (2 out of 5 hours)
1230-1330 LUNCH
1330-1530 FMCW EXERCISES (2 of 5 hours)
1530-1600 BREAK
1600-1700 FMCW EXERCISES (1 of 5 hours)
DAY 6
Theory Test - 2 hours
Practical - 3 hours
Feedback and Issuance of Certificates - 2 hours
COURSE OUTLINE
a) Radar block diagram
b) Practical Radar Equations: the Radar Range Equation
c) Radar functions, types and characteristics
d) Derivation of Probability of Detection and False Alarm Rate

31
2. Radar Antennas (3 hour)
a) Antennas and Propagation
b) Antenna Characteristics – Gain, Beam Width
c) Antenna Arrays
d) Pattern Formation and Weighting Functions
e) Sidelobe Blanking and Cancellation
f) Summing and Difference Patterns
a) Impedance, Grating Lobe, Real and Virtual Scanning Space
b) Array Feeds
c) Electronic Scanning – The Phased Array
d) Digital Beam Forming
e) Solid-State Active Array
f) ASEA Radars
4. FMCW Radar Principles (3 hours)
a) FMCW Concepts and Benefits
b) Design Considerations
c) Tests and Some Results
a) Receiver
b) Statistical Characteristics of Radar Signals
c) Coherent and Non-Coherent Detection
d) CFAR
e) MTI and Doppler Processing
f) Pulse Compression and Matched Filtering
g) Single Track Filtering –  filter and Kalman filter
h) Synthetic Aperture Processing
6. Practical Exercise (14 hours)
a) SkyRadar Training System Configuration
b) Radar System Exercises
c) FMCW Exercises

32
FUNDAMENTAL ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Synopsis
This 5-day module is designed based on the stringent mathematics foundation
required to master radar, electronic warfare and defense technology, systems and
solutions.
 Algebra
 Matrices
 Geometry
 Functions
 Quadratic Equations
 Calculus
 Complex Numbers
 Probability
 Statistic
 Decibel
 Graph Plotting
 Practical Problems
 Computer Techniques: Excel and Scilab
WHO SHOULD ATTEND:
 Junior Officers
 New trainees
 Officers requiring refreshment or revision
Day 1
 Algebra
 Matrices
 Geometry
 Real problems and solutions

33
Day 2
 Functions
 Quadratic Equations
 Calculus
Day 3
 Complex Numbers
 Probability
 Statistic
Day 4
 Complex Numbers
 Probability
 Statistic
Day 5
 Using Computer to Solve Mathematics
 Solving real engineering problems using Excel and Scilab
 Assessment
Certificate
A certificate of completion will be issued to students who passed the test. This
certificate is one of the prerequisites required for the Radar, Electronic Warfare and
Defense Technology Courses.
Customer Attended: Part of Engineering Mathematics Courses offered to
Polytechnic and University Students taught (Temasek Polytechnic, SIM University
and University of Southern Queensland)

34
FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS PRINCIPLES
Synopsis
This 5-day module is designed to equip the participants all the necessary and
required knowledge and skill to master radar, electronic warfare and defense
technology, systems and solutions.
 Basic Electrical Engineering
 Electronics and Circuits
 Basic Communications System
 Fundamental Antenna and Propagation
 Digital System and Programming
 Computer Techniques: Excel and Scilab
 Practical: Using Arduino to Understand Circuits and Programming
WHO SHOULD ATTEND:
 Junior Officers
 New trainees
 Officers requiring refreshment or revision
Day 1
 Basic Electrical Engineering
 Electronics and Circuits
 Introduction to Arduino Uno Board
Day 2
 Digital System and Programming
 Constructing and Understand Electronic Circuits Using Arduino UNO
Day 3
 Basic Communications System
 Fundamental Antenna and Propagation
 Understand the Communication Circuit Used in Arduino UNO

35
Day 4
 Electronic Circuits Projects Using Arduino UNO
Day 5
 Building a Simple Communication System Using Arduino UNO
 Assessment
Certificate
A certificate of completion will be issued to students who passed the test. This
certificate is one of the prerequisites required for the Radar, Electronic Warfare and
Defense Technology Courses.
Customer Attended: Part of Engineering Mathematics Courses offered to
Polytechnic and University Students taught (Temasek Polytechnic and Newcastle
University)

1
Who we are
Contact Us, Know Us
We are located in both Vietnam and Singapore. We can be contacted at
Whatsapp : +65 9191 6893
Email : lkarheng@gmail.com
Websites : https://www.facebook.com/tbss.c3e/
: https://www.facebook.com/TBSSTruongThuong
: https://www.facebook.com/TBSSKids/
TBSS install, commission, integrate and test radar systems, electronic warfare
equipment and coastal surveillance systems. TBSS is also a Training and
Consultancy provider in our expertise areas..
TBSS is a start-up, we went through the difficult and tough times. We are
engineers turned entrepreneurs in a foreign land, Vietnam. We call ourselves
ENGINEERPRENEUR because we run our business with passion in engineering
and we are still practising.
Our course director and Founder, Dr LEE, is a qualified engineer who has
groomed his two children well, one of them is MOE scholar and a teacher, and the
other was a National Tennis Player, NS Naval Diver, NS Naval Officer and a
Raffles Alumni, he is also a NUS Scholars.
TBSS is NOT a 3rd
party training company, our instructors are practitioners who
are also certified and experienced to teach.
362 Upper Paya Lebar Road, #07-15 Da Jin
Factory Building, S534963, Singapore
Tầng 2 Số 8 Lê Văn Thiêm, Phú Mỹ
Hưng, Phường Tân Phong, Quận 7, Tp.Hồ Chí
Minh, 700000, Vietnam

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