Hinduism Caste System

Hinduism Caste System
An estimated 900 million people are Hindu in this world. Hinduism is more of a religious culture,
having 330 million different gods and goddess. This leads to a faith system that splinters into many
different subgroups and factions, making this more of a culture than having one set of beliefs. In
looking at; the Vedic deities and their role in Hinduism, along with breaking down the caste system
and how it affects the life of individuals, while using the Hindu principles and practices to see if
Christian communities are living and serving in Hindu context, and how Christians could use Hindu
beliefs in furthering and enhancing interactions with those in the Hindu belief. By looking at the
Vedic, it is important to understand the word first, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The way of Knowledge in the Hindu religion moved from priest centered religion, from the ritual,
that was carried out by experts only leading to the laypeople and the priest not understanding the
rituals, as long as the right words are said with the right action being preformed (Corduan, pg. 279,
2012). They moved from one belief "words without meaning" and replace it with "meaning without
words". In many Christian churches the ideology of being able to worship one day a week and still
be fully devote to God is running rampant through congregations today. The idea trusting and
following the words of the pastor instead of seeking the knowledge for understanding and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Hinduism Research Paper
For most people religion usually signifies a unified belief in one god and has a set structure of a
system of practices. Hinduism is different from all other religions in that aspect. The Hindu religion
has no founder, core beliefs that are defined, guided by common scripture, or a central authority, and
has 900 million followers (Carabajal ppt). Hinduism is not restricted to the belief of just one god, in
fact, Hinduism has millions of gods, although some believe one god is behind them all. Some
religious reasons in Hinduism call for strict vegetarian diets, while others will eat meat on special
occasions, or even sacrifice animals at Hindu temples. Hindus pursue a hidden spiritual reality by
controlling their bodies behind all physical things, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tantrism is based on hundreds of writings on the practices outside the elite Brahmin tradition. These
tantras express central traditional Hindu ideas and practices (Carabajal ppt). The rise of Hindu
reform movements attempts to renew Hindu spiritually and socially through their caste systems,
superstitions, blessings and curses, and worship of images. Hinduisms rise of devotion, or bhakti, is
the main way to show devotion to ones chosen god. This devotion reflects one's deep love for their
god. There are three main deities during this devotional movement: Shiva – God of destruction,
symbolizing the removal of obstacles to salvation, Vishnu – God of life, protects and preserves the
world by frequently incarnating in various forms to defeat enemies of humans and gods, Shakti and
the Goddess – upholder of the universe, female power in the goddess representing creation,
preservation, and end of the world (Carabajal

Contemplative Practice In Judeo-Christianity
Contemplative practice, as described above, can be found in other traditions from the Hindu Yogic
tradition to Judaism to Christianity (Sharples, 2003). "Mandalas (are) ancient objects of meditation
for Hindus and Tibetan Buddhists that were adapted for contemplation in medieval Christianity"
(Broomfield, 1997, p. 81). In the Hindu Yogic tradition, heavy emphasis is placed on the
concentrative nature and importance of meditation to restore calm, well–being and understanding
(Gunaratana, 1991). He identified contemplative practices in Judeo–Christianity, which focused
thought on a specific subject, religious concept or passage, to restore calm and well–being; which
correlates with mindfulness. Having grown up in a Jewish household and having worked in a ...
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Zajonc (2009) cited several examples of contemplative practice in the Christian tradition including
meditative reading, reflection, and a prayer to 'center' the mind. He also highlighted the
contemplative silence of the Benedictine Order as part of their focused attention on sacred text
(Zajonc, 2009). Christ, as reported in the Bible, exhorted his followers that 'the kingdom of God is
within' which suggests a contemplative practice (Sharples, 2003). It is also recorded that Christ
spent forty days and nights in the wilderness, possibly in contemplative thought, meditating. Many
Christian traditions also practice contemplation to develop positive qualities such as compassion and
forgiveness through reflection (Sharples, 2003). In summary, the literature highlighted above
indicates that 'present–moment awareness' and contemplative practice are evident in the philosophy
and practice of many religions. This contemplative practice was designed to ponder religious texts,
discover new insights and experience a sense of calm for individual practitioners. Next I review
definitions of mindfulness from other philosophical traditions, before considering the influence of
western culture on mindfulness and contemplative

One Of The Most Significant Characteristics Of Tantra
One of the most significant characteristics of TANTRA (origin 5th century CE) is the fact that it
does not require the ordinary householder to renounce the world by giving up our body, our family,
our material possessions, our job, even our pleasures. Instead it accentuates personal
experimentation and experience as a way to improve/advance on the path of Self–realization without
having to become a monk or swami. TANTRA breaks new yoga because it was/is available for
everyone without any type of discrimination. TANTRA rejected the classical patriarchal cast system
and exclusive Brahmanic orthodoxy in which only men and higher cast where suitable for the
practice. TANTRA is all inclusive. TANTRA does not exclude social classes, gender, ... Show more
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It is through this precious human life and birth that we can free ourselves from ignorance and see
how things really exist. From Sanskrit: TAN = To expand, TRA= tool, instrument. TANTRA can be
seen as a technology or tool for expansion of consciousness and alertness. TANTRA does not reject
our objects of attachment or life conditions, but transforms how we relate to them. This is what
makes this practice so compelling today. For example, our inner attitude towards money doesn't
have anything to do with the money we have. Under TANTRA's view, there is nothing wrong about
having money or enjoying life, or being tall/short, or fat/thin, or being married/single, or being
employed/unemployed.., but whatever the circumstances, the attitude should be of detachment and
equanimity, then a sense of freedom arises. So the world and our conditions become an ally instead
of a hindrance in our spiritual development. In TANTRA there are two realities; SHIVA and
SHAKTI, SHIVA representing the total matter or the absolute and SHAKTI representing the total
energy or creative power. In TANTRA all reality can be divided on what we can see (visvamaya)
and what is beyond (visvottirna). To experience the ultimate reality we need to dissolve the notion of
duality in our consciousness. We need to become one from two.

Origin of Hindu Religion
A Hindu ( pronunciation (help·info), Devanagari: हिन्दु) is an adherent of Hinduism, a set of
religious, philosophical and cultural systems that originated in the Indian subcontinent. The vast
body of Hindu scriptures, divided into Śruti ("revealed") and Smriti ("remembered"), lay the
foundation of Hindu beliefs, which primarily include dhárma, kárma, ahimsa and saṃsāra. Vedānta
and yoga are one of the several core schools of Hindu philosophy, broadly known as the Sanātana
Dharma. The word Hindu is at times attributed to all persons professing Hinduism, Jainism,
Buddhism or Sikhism as is used in the Constitution of India.[1]
With more than a billion adherents, Hinduism is the world's third largest religion. The vast majority
of Hindus, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Vedas are the oldest sacred books of Hinduism and lay the foundation of several schools of
Hindu thought.[21] The Upanishads refers to those scriptures which form the core teachings of the
Vedānta philosophy.[22] Adi Shankara's commentaries on the Upanishads led to the rise of Advaita
Vedanta, the most influential sub–school of Vedanta.
In the holy text Merutantra,the word Hindu is defined as "Hinani Gunani Dushyanti iti
Hindu".Meaning that Gunani that which destroys the inferior raja–tama components or gunas is a
Hindu.Thus, to be a Hindu is to follow a way of life that enhances the spiritually pure sattva
component and sattva predominant qualities like love, courage, humility, expansiveness, etc.and
overcomes the spiritually impure raja–tama predominant attitude like anger, lust, jealousy, greed,
attachment, pride etc.
Hinduism consists of several sects and denominations, of which Vaishnavism and Shaivism are by
far the most popular.[23] Other aspects include folk and conservative Vedic Hinduism. Since the
18th century, Hinduism has accommodated a host of new religious and reform movements, with
Arya Samaj being one of the most notable Hindu revivalist organizations. Due to the wide diversity
in the beliefs, practices and traditions encompassed by Hinduism, there is no universally accepted
definition on who a Hindu is, or even agreement on whether term Hinduism represents a

The Epic Of The Ramayana
An ancient literary monument that incorporates a rational perspective and approach towards life
helps a person resolve infinite conceivable questions, unlock morals and ethics, and approach
enlightenment. The Ramayana, a relic with sacred relevance not only to India, but all of humanity,
consolidates the innumerable queries by humans, answers them with morality, principals, and
philosophical beliefs. This Indian heroic epic poem, comprises of approximately 24,000 verses, is
mostly written using the sloka meter and is divided into 7 books, each containing 500 chapters. It
provides a narrative allegory of Rama 's life and other characters who have become fundamental
people in Hinduism. They also express the responsibilities of people in relationships. Overall, the
Ramayana presents Hindu teachings from ancient sage Hindus with philosophical concepts which
has inspired religion, beliefs, ideas, humanity, and principals of life. Henceforth, an epic narrative,
the Ramayana's textual history and formation dates back to centuries before the Mahabharata, during
the Kurukshetra War as believed by Hindu religion and archaeological findings. In tradition, it
belongs to the second of 4 yugas or eons, which is Treta Yuga in the Hindu chronology and is
considered kavya poetry. The profound thinker and poet, Valmiki is credited for single handedly
conceptualizing the Ramayana 's original version known as the Srimad Valmiki Ramayana,
originally written in Sanskrit. It was discovered in

Hinduism Religion
Considering that Hinduism lacks a uniting belief system, what makes up the Hindu religion is
Sanarana Dharma, which is also known as Hinduism, an alternative label that is preferred today.
Hinduism is the traditional religion of India. Sanatan Dharma is one of the oldest religions known to
mankind and Hinduisms religion is still in practice today. The spiritual expressions of Sanatana
Dharma range from extreme asceticism to the extreme sensuality, from the heights of personal
devotion to a deity to the heights of abstract philosophy (Fisher, M.P., 2005). Hinduism have been
able to hold itself together for several years; Hinduism is still one of the major religions in the
world, so, the factor that it is more than a way of life, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another belief is that though Hindu mythology mentions a class of evil beings, opposed to the
celestial spirits, essential Hindu philosophy does not believe in any concept of a central Devil or
Satan. This does not mean that all the evil in the world is attributed to God, but that the evil deed is
ascribed to human ignorance (Fisher, M. P., 2005). These actions determine the course of life and
the life cycle for the soul in its subsequent life. Virtuous actions take the soul closer to the Supreme
Divine, and lead to a birth with higher consciousness. Evil actions hinder this recognition of the
Supreme Divine, and the soul takes lower forms of worldly life. All existence, according to
Hinduism, from vegetation to mankind, is subjects to the eternal Dharma, which is the natural law
References
Fisher, M.P. (2005).Hinduism, 3, 69–115, Retrieved March 6, 2007, from the University of Phoenix
Web site: https://axiaecampus.phoenix.edu [Online course

Plato And Aristotle : Knowledge
Anuradha Singh
Metaphysics
Fall 2014
Plato and Aristotle: Knowledge
Plato and Aristotle meet at the student union for a drink. As the teacher, Plato is ready to have a
discussion with his pupil.
Plato: As we sit here today Aristotle, I believe this is the time to have a wonderful discussion!
Aristotle: Yes, and what is the topic?
Plato: Knowledge, Aristotle, knowledge. What is knowledge to you?
Aristotle: Hmm. Knowledge is based scientifically. "We think we know without qualification...
when we think we know the cause or reason why something is the case–knowing that it is the cause
of the thing, and that it is impossible for it not to be so."
Plato: But Aristotle, "knowledge is known from the forms through the soul or mind". It is ideas
being observed, not physically, but mentally. Through the soul we know what knowledge really is
and why knowledge is the way it is. Knowledge is not something physical that we can just find and
know. We have to learn with our mind and soul and not our body. What kind of things can we have
knowledge of?
Aristotle: Plato, Knowledge has a cause to it. If there is no cause then there is no way of having
knowledge. Knowledge is based on four causes: "the Material Cause, the Formal Cause, the
Efficient Cause, and the Final Cause. These stages (causes) determine the gaining knowledge:
looking at the materialistic view, looking at the idea behind it, the change behind the idea, and the
purpose of the idea." Once we have gotten to the last stage,

The Sannyasin
"The Song of the Sannyasin" by Swami Vivekananda is a great poem that explores some of the
fundamental principals of Hindu philosophy. Some things that the poem addresses are karma,
dharma, Maya, samsara, moksha, and more. Not only does it address and explore Hindu philosophy,
it also specifically addresses Sannyasin and their calling. Even though this poem directly addresses
Sannyasin, it can be used as insight and inspiration for all who read it. The following is a stanza by
stanza analysis of the poem, "The Song of the Sannyasin" This first stanza is stating that in order to
discover who one truly is, they must "wake up" meaning that they must realize that they are part of
the eternal soul. Like the example in class, we are all like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Karma, being basically you reap what you sew, or what goes around comes around. On the other
hand, Dharma is the duty one has for their caste. These two things are key principals of Hindu
philosophy. The poem explains how no one can escape karma, and that it is built into the universe,
and how one must always follow their Dharma. But even with these things being the case, far
beyond Karma and Dharma is Atman, our eternal soul, and that is the most important thing to
remember. The fifth stanza addresses the fact that we are not out bodies, and that most people do not
realize this because they are so strung up in Maya. This stanza is saying that we are not what we do,
whether it be mothering, or working at a job. These things to not make us who we are. Our body
does not make us who we are, who we really are is an eternal soul, Atman. But not only that, we are
all part of one universal, eternal soul, Brahman. The sixth stanza is about how even if someone
knows that they are part of the eternal soul, they may still cling onto Maya. This is because Maya
keeps people from truly seeing their one true self fully, it is an illusion. We may think Maya is the
true reality, but it is not. Our true self sees the nature of our reality as it really is. It is an unrestricted
view of the true reality opposed to Maya. This stanza is telling the Sannyasin to remember who they
really are, an eternal

Hinduism And Confucianism Similarities
Matt, I do agree that there are similarities between Hinduism and Confucianism; however, despite
both societies, placing a premium hierarchy and authoritarianism, their internal motivations and
ethical paradigms are widely divergent. I am going to incorporate the input you provided on my
original thread regarding this topic as well. I tend to recycle my rhetoric so bear with me.
In Hinduism, law as a matter of religious prescriptions and philosophical discourse has an illustrious
history in India. Emanating from the Vedas, the Upanishads and other religious texts, it was a fertile
field enriched by practitioners from different Hindu philosophical schools and late by Jain's and
Buddhists. Bar Council of India, History of Hindu Law in India ... Show more content on
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Xin Ren, Tradition of the Law and Law of the Tradition: Law, State, and Social Control in China 19
(1997). Although both of them exerted a deep influence on China's state–building as well as on its
moral and legal traditions, at the beginning, these two philosophies were bitterly opposed to each
other, as they were based on entirely different principles. Id. Despite their differences, Legalism and
Confucianism both endorsed the concept of the absolute monarchy. Id. China's current has a legal
system reflecting some aspects of contemporary civil and common law as practiced in the Western
legal traditions; however, China's legal system has often been based on Confucian philosophy,
which accentuates social control through moral education and a juridical priority regarding coded
law and criminal sanctions. Percy R. Luney, Jr., Traditions and Foreign Influences: Systems of Law
in China and Japan, 129 (1989).
In conclusion, the difference between Confucianism and Hinduism can be observed in their differing
worldview despite some overlap in social conventions. Hinduism's focus is on mystical objectives
(not to be confused with the law of India), as it dismisses reality as we understand it as illusionary.
Confucianism's focus is squarely on this world, and its chief emphasis is social and political

Essay about Rhetoric vs. Truth
The relationship between rhetoric and truth is a highly conflicted topic. Two philosophers that
discuss this topic are Plato and Nietzsche. Plato argues that rhetoric is merely a useful craft that
deals only in the subjective and material world rather than in the pursuit of true knowledge.
Nietzsche, on the other hand, argues that absolute truths are unobtainable since individuals are
incapable of being completely objective, thereby rendering the debate between rhetoric and truth
meaningless. Although both are valid points of view, Nietzsche's argument appears to hold more
weight insofar as it seems to solve the debate between rhetoric and truth by eliminating absolute
truth altogether. To begin, Plato's view of rhetoric stems from ... Show more content on
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This is one of the reasons why he believes that rhetoric is not synonymous with truth. Plato argues
against rhetoric because it deals in the material world, which is not the place where ideas exist, nor
does it attempt to attain truth. Rhetoric is more or less, the flawed knowledge of the world being
manipulated by language for everyday matters, such as politics and law, rather than being used in
the pursuit of absolute truths. Rhetoric is therefore useless. He furthers his argument against rhetoric
in his dialogue Gorgias. In Plato's Gorgias, he argues that rhetoric is untruthful by being based on
belief, as well as having the potential for manipulation and deception. In the dialogue, Plato has
Socrates distinguish between true knowledge and belief. He argues that there can be false as well as
true beliefs, however, there is only true knowledge – one is concrete while the other is changeable
and unpredictable. Hence, it follows that knowledge and belief are associated and utilized in
different professions and subject areas. So, Socrates has Gorgias admit that rhetoric is limited to the
fields of politics and law, which he argues deal in persuasion that is based on belief – as oppose to
instructing about a true knowledge of right and wrong. For example, an orator or lawyer may induce
a belief about justice, but cannot actually convey a true

Aristotle 's Views On Politics
To start off, it is important to understand where Aristotle's is coming from. Aristotle looked for
solutions in a Universal manner. Basically, the principles and solutions for correctness comes from
the idea that they have to be natural more than conventional. The idea of the good from Aristotle's
point of view comes from observation, he believed that the good is the final cause(there are three
others that will be discussed), and that everyone can understand judgement and collective moral
action. Aristotle also believed that people need to be able to have property so someone can have
more time for leisure. He has many other ideas that intertwine with the beliefs just mentioned. In
Aristotle's mind, politics is inevitable as being human requires us to live in a society, which means
dealing with other people and their desires. Because we must live in a society, Aristotle also has his
own ideas on justice, which he believes comes in two forms: distributive and corrective. More on
the two forms will be discussed in this document. To apply these viewpoints, rationals, and virtues
to the contemporary world, first I have to explain what they are in depth.
Aristotle's idea that the good is the final cause comes from observation of the object in question. For
example, the seed of a tree's final cause is to grow into a tree, but humans are different because we
are the highest form and have the highest capacity for communication among the animals of the
Earth, thus, humans' final

Religions And Beliefs Of Hinduism
Hinduism originated thousands of years ago, in India. Today, Hinduism is the major religion in
India. Hinduism has been influenced by both early indigenous religions and from later immigrants.
Hinduism did not originate from one founder, one book, or one point of view. Hinduism contains
many different beliefs, viewpoints, and philosophies. Hinduism worships many gods but does have a
belief in a single divine reality. Hinduism is not a single, unified religion, it is a family of beliefs.
Hinduism involves the believe of many gods and goddesses but at the same time believes in one
supreme God. Hinduism is considered to be the oldest religion known, which predates other known
religions.
There are three gods that are particularly important in the artistic and devotional life of Hinduism.
These gods are Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. These gods have different origins but have been linked
together to form the Trimurti, meaning triple form. Together these gods represent forces of creation,
destruction, and preservations.
Brahman is believed to represent the forces that created the universe. He is the creator, ultimate
reality, absolute God, and supreme cosmic spirit. Brahman is believed to be the light of the universe
and the entire universe. Brahman created all of the worlds being in addition to creating a women to
assist him in creating the world. This women was named Shatarupa, and Brahman was infatuated
with her. It is believed that Brahaman grew his heads when Shatarupa would

The Differences Between Buddhism and Hinduism Essay
Both Buddhism and Hinduism are well known religions. They are two of the most popular
polytheistic faiths in the world. Some people believe them to be sects of the same religion, but they
are mistaken. Buddhism and Hinduism have some similarities, but many things set them apart from
each other as well. They are each their own religion in many aspects.
Buddhism and Hinduism come from the same region, India. Both of them are very focused on
nature, the things around them, though they both believe in several hells and heavens, or higher and
lower worlds. They both believe in karma which is the affect a person's actions in this life will
change his next life. Another point is that both religions focus on peace, and non violence towards
all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hindus believe in the four stages of life, but the Buddha do not share that believe. Whereas the
Buddhists believe in the concept of Bodhisattvas, or the enlightened existence, but the Hindus do
not. Buddhists must believe that the Buddha, Sangha, and Dhamma are the three most important
requirements on the eightfold path, or the principal teachings of the Buddha. Hinduism has many
different paths of self realization. Both religions believe in karma and reincarnation, but their terms
and conditions vary, different in as many ways as they are similar. Buddhists have no priests or
rituals like the Hindus do. Also, in the Buddhist religion, any follower than achieve Nirvana, but in
the Hindu religion, only the Brahmins, or priests, could achieve moksha, the Hindu equivalent of
Nirvana. Another large difference is that Buddhists do not believe in the Caste System, a main factor
in Hinduism. This is one of their largest differences. Hinduism does not know their original creator,
unlike most other religions; they've lost any information about their founder over the many years,
whereas the Buddhists know their creator, Buddha. Buddhism is a much younger religion than
Hinduism. The two religions are very much different.
Both religions came from the same soil, in what is now known as India. They

The Concept Of Hinduism And Buddhism
INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM
Hinduism is often called one of the oldest living religions or oldest living major traditions amongst
other religions still being practiced currently, this is due to the fact that certain elements within
Hinduism stretches back for thousands of years.
Hinduism is often referred to as "Sanatana Dharma", a Sanskrit phrase meaning "the eternal law".
Also, it does not have a single definition mostly because it holds a vast array of beliefs and also
because it can be linked to Buddhism, Jainism etc.
Some schools of thoughts do not describe Hinduism as a religion but rather as a way of worship that
informs you about the duties, life–style and vision of living established in the Indian subcontinent.
Hinduism is formed from diverse traditions, as such Hinduism does not have a single founder.
Buddhism is a tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development and knowing or attainment of
a deeper insight to the true nature of life. Buddhists do not believe in a personal God, instead in
Buddhism it is believed that nothing is fixed or permanent and that change is inevitable and always
possible.
Buddhists believe that life is endless and subject to suffering and uncertainty. This comes from the
Buddhist school of thought that teaches that existence is endless because individuals are
reincarnated time and time again thus continually experiencing suffering and pain throughout many
life times.
There are different schools of

Ap Human Geo Nepal Essay
In the video "Into Nepal – A Journey through the Kathmandu Valley," there were many concepts that
were easily recognizable due to the information that was given during the first semester of the AP
Human Geography course.
The Hindu people who are pictured in the video segment, Budanilkantha: A Hindu Wedding, are
practicing a custom of many Hindu people. A custom is the frequent repetition of an act, to the
extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group of people performing the act. Although not all
Hindus participate in arranged marriages, the acts that occur during the marriage are very similar.
Before the wedding takes place, the bride receives a jewel that marks the central part in her hair
which is a signal of her marriage. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hinduism is a major religious and cultural tradition of the Indian subcontinent, comprising a diverse
family of devotional and ascetic cults and philosophical schools, all sharing a belief in reincarnation
and involving the worship of a large pantheon of deities. In the Pashupatinath valley region, there is
a cremation temple which is a part of the landscape of the dead in Nepal. A landscape of the dead is
a place where burial rituals are carried out, which may vary by religion. In Pashupatinath, when a
woman's husband or family dies, she wears white. The attendees of the funeral offer the soul of the
deceased body incense, food, and water so that it doesn't feel troubled on its journey towards a new
form. The deceased's mouth is then lit on fire by the eldest brother, which is said to purify his/her
soul. In the landscape, there are also many river cleaners who pan for gold fillings that come from
the teeth of the deceased.
You can find many saddus also in the Pashupatinath valley. They are people who have come to the
last stage in their lives and are spending the rest of their lives without any material possessions and
living in prayer. They spend their days meditating and doing yoga which is said to help their
concentration and purification. Many of the saddus have probably made a pilgrimage to the valley. A
pilgrimage is a journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.
The people who live in the

World Religions: Comparative Discussions
World Religions: Comparative Discussions 1.Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism on the
question of atman. What does each tradition have to say about whether a human being has an
individual soul? What is the significance of this soul (or lack thereof) in each tradition? The concept
of the 'self' is critical to a great many religious traditions. Understanding one's own individual
position within the context of the universe helps to drive one's relationship to the divine, to the
pedestrian and to one's fellow man. This is the orientation that helps define atman in the Hindu
tradition. Here, this layered 'self' is a critical dimension of one's spiritual enlightenment. Finding and
recognizing one's 'permanent self' from within is an essential part of this path. A concept tantamount
to the soul, the atman is, in Hindu tradition, said to be the vestige of humanity that remains even
when the body is expired. This makes it an essential premise also of transferring the self during the
cycle of reincarnation. As to its fundamental importance to the spiritual tradition, Wangu (2010)
notes that "an unwise person is unaware of atman, and has no spiritual guidance. He follows his ego
and thinks he "knows" himself. With uncontrolled mind and untrained senses he is like a wildly
flickering flame in a storm. The wise person, on the other hand, is like a steady flame in a windless
place." (Wangu, p. 1) This characterization is actually a sharp departure, however, from how
questions

Mandala And Sunyata Are Codependent
The mandala and sunyata are codependent, as the mandala allows one to fully comprehend sunyata.
However, in order to understand sunyata, one must first acknowledge and comprehend the
Theravada Buddhist teachings. Teachings, such a dependent variation, the no self, and even
impermanence, are also intertwined with both each other, the sunyata, and the mandala. Therefore,
while both sunyata and the Theravada Buddhist teachings may be taught through the mandala, these
teachings are crucial in demonstrating the sunyata. The mandala provides a religious experience
through visualization and are often employed to dissociate a human from their ego and the egotistic
perceptions humans tend to cling to. Creating a mandala takes a lot of time and ... Show more
Just like the seed, various different elements, past practices, and studies throughout years and years
were necessary for the creation of the seed. The creation of the seed and its journey into existence is
similar to that of the mandala. Both creations took significant effort, an excessive amount of time,
and the presence of the right elements to form the creation. Another Theravada Buddhist teaching
used to understand sunyata, is anaatman, or the no self. To begin, anaatman explains that one does
not recognize that everything is casually connected; rather, people cling to words such as "I" and
"self," believing they have a fixed personality. This is not the case as we do not have a fixed
independent self rather, we exist in a constantly changing and advancing process. The mandala
demonstrates anaatman because of the fact that it a tool used to transform behavior through psychic
realization. As stated previously, the mandala is a design to connect the universe with human being's
consciousness and matter, representing a way to reach enlightenment. Because of this, the mandala
should be viewed as a tool that can communicate, and even deliver enlightenment. While viewing
the mandala, it works to bring you to experience a sacred world by striving to bring the human to the
"manda" or its center or essence and works as a "la"

Hinduism Vs Buddhism Research Paper
So for this assignment I chose Buddhism and Hinduism. Two very unfamiliar religions I have no
idea about but have heard about all my life. I've always seen the Buddha figurines and other various
items of him and if you rub the tummy it gives you good luck or something like that, but never
really knew much about the religion itself.
After a profound spiritual realization, the Buddha gathered many followers. He organized them into
a community that fundamentally reshaped religious, social, and political structures. Hinduism is a
perpetually evolving collection of an astounding array of philosophical, ritual, and devotional
traditions. There is no founder, and there is no fixed moment of origin. Hindus often refer to their
religion as "sanatana ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The tradition itself maintains that it is a timeless religion that has always existed. Historians
generally hold that the origins of what we call Hinduism can be traced to the ancient Indus Valley
civilization. This would mean that the religion is over 4,000 years old, although it is a dynamic
religious tradition that has continued to develop and evolve.
The Buddhist texts were not recorded in writing until centuries after the Buddha's death. The earliest
Buddhist texts have preserved the Buddha's teachings in a form that reflects their oral transmission,
with many repetitions, standardized phrases, and poetic rhythms. This structure and the lack of
philosophical cohesiveness within these early texts suggest that they were intended not simply to
convey the Buddha's teachings, but also to serve as religious recitations.
The textual tradition of Hinduism encompasses an almost incomprehensible collection of oral and
written scriptures that include myths, rituals, philosophical speculation, devotional poems and
songs, local histories, and so on. There are two basic categories of religious texts within this vast
collection, Shruti (revealed) and Smrti (remembered). Shruti generally refers to the Vedas, the
Brahmanas, and the Upanishads; some Hindus also classify the Bhagavad Gita as shruti. Smrti
typically refers to everything

The Republic, By Plato
This textual analysis will be based on the book "The Republic" by Plato, specifically the passage
475d–477a. The purpose of this essay is to analyze and evaluate the main concepts explored in the
passage and their relation to the platonic political philosophy presented in "The Republic". The
essay will provide a summary of the passage, emphasizing the breakthroughs reached in the Socratic
dialogue. The main points will then be singled out for a more in–depth review in order to see if the
arguments made by Socrates stand solid. Three main concepts will be delved into in a chronological
order, those being philosophers and imitators, perceptive reality and absolute knowledge, with the
analysis of the true meaning, and the implications raised ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This applies to all elements, and those form a cluster. Imitators are the one's that cannot penetrate
the cluster and single out aspects of reality. True philosophers can realize the absolute truth and
essence of every aspect. Non–philosophers perceive only bits of the cluster of forms of reality and
produce a copy of it. Therefore, the imitators only have an opinion about the reality. The presence of
opinion of the imitator means that he does know something that truly is, because the non existent
can't be known. Yet, if absolute knowledge is at the one end of the spectrum corresponding with true
existent matters and ignorance is at the other end of the extreme corresponding to non–existent
matters, the middle ground between those is opinion, and is therefore less valuable than absolute
knowledge. The middle ground is as far as the imitators go. (Reeve 2004)
This passage was introduced straight after Socrates created the perfect state. It contributes by
stressing the importance of the philosopher kings, assuming that the state is now a finished perfect
body and needs a perfect ruler. This passage changes the direction of the argument, putting an end to
the state's first half and beginning to deal with the second half that is just as important in order for it
to be fully–fledged. This passage is important, because the

How Did Hinduism And Influence Sikhism?
Patrick
Question– How did Hinduism and influence Sikhism?
Introduction
Hinduism and Sikhism are both Indian religions. Hinduism is an ancient set of traditions that have
developed over several millennium, while Sikhism was founded in the 15th–century, during the
Mughal Empire era, by Guru Nanak Dev who was born and raised in a Hindu family. Hinduism and
Sikhism share many philosophical concepts such as Karma, Dharma, Mukti, Maya and Saṃsāra. In
the days of Mughal oppression, in which Hindus were being converted to Islam through oppression
and force, Sikhism came to their defence against the Mughals in India.The founder of Sikhism, Guru
Nanak, was the first to raise voice against the rule of Islamic ruler Babur, the then ruler of India.
History of similarities and differences ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nanak was raised in a Hindu family and belonged to the Bhakti Sant tradition. The roots of the Sikh
tradition are, states Louis Fenech, perhaps in the Sant–tradition of India whose ideology grew to
become the Bhakti tradition. "Indic mythology permeates the Sikh sacred canon, the Guru Granth
Sahib and the secondary canon, the Dasam Granth and adds delicate nuance and substance to the
sacred symbolic universe of the Sikhs of today and of their past ancestors".
During the Mughal Empire period, the Sikh and Hindu traditions believe that Sikhs helped protect
Hindus from Islamic persecution, and this caused martyrdom of their Guru.The Sikh historians, for
example, record that the Sikh movement was rapidly growing in northwest India, and Guru Tegh
Bahadur was openly encouraging Sikhs to, "be fearless in their pursuit of just society: he who holds
none in fear, nor is afraid of anyone, is acknowledged as a man of true

Similarities Between Purti And Purusha
Prakrti is the principle of matter. Matter is unconscious (jada). All the evolutes of Prakrti are
unconscious by nature but because Purusha is getting reflected at citta, that reflection makes citta as
if conscious and it starts to function. Next reflection of Purusha is on ahamkar and so ahamkar is
conscious, thus all the body parts are conscious. Purusha can never become one, either with
ahamkara or tanmatras or panchamahabhutas. By nature, it cannot. Philosophically we say Sankhya
is uncompromising dualism, atheistic realism and spiritualistic pluralism. Dualism is two principles.
There is no compromise possible between these two. Neither can Purusha give rise to Prakrti nor
Prakrti to Purusha. They are existing from eternity. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One, it discriminates and decides, and second it stores all samskaras / memories. It is called Karma
Shaya. Karmashaya means 'ashaya' of karmas – like any time an activity is performed or a deed, an
act, any time the thought / emotion passes the mind along with feeling or getting that experience
there is an impression of that experience carried in one's own self. When one is thirsty, thirst is
quenched by drinking a cold drink. But in the citta the storage takes place that the drink was very
nice. This storage of impression gets accumulated for every act (karma), whether it is a thought
crossing the mind, an act or feeling, whatever happens this storage of impression gets added. The
karmashaya increases. E.g.; every karma has two results, one is the karma phala – the thirst was
quenched. Phala is immediate but along with the phala samskara is generated. Samskara is the
problem. The samskara is the seed or source for further action. After a gap of time when one feels
thirsty again, the previous drink which satisfied the thirst is remembered. During the intervening
period the drink was not there in the consciousness, but the moment the circumstances or the
situations ripen, immediately the samskara comes up. The moment the samskaras come up, they
fructify into further action. One would like to have the same drink again. Again, it goes on adding.
Thus, one gets continuously entangled in this chain of karmas and

Aristotle's Four Causes
The theory of the Four Causes refers to an influential Aristotelian principle whereby the causes of
movement and/or change are categorized allowing us to have knowledge of our existence and
everything around us. Aristotle wrote that "we do not have knowledge of a thing until we have
grasped its 'why', that is to say, its cause." He provided an account of the operation of various
individual substances in the universe. Distinctions were made between things of two sorts: those that
are contingent on something else's movement and those that necessary in their own movement.
Aristotle not only suggested a proper description of these but also attempted to answer particular
questions such as 'Why does this event happen?' and 'Why is this object as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Final Cause causes movement and gives purpose to everything in the universe. It could be
argued that the final cause given by the Prime Mover is for everything to simply change. However,
Aristotle describes the prime mover as God, implying that it obtaining goodness is our purpose.
Therefore, it is God that attracts everything to himself while remaining unaffected. Aristotle
supposed God's existence to be necessary, inferring that God does not depend on anything else for
existence. He lacks the potential and therefore does not change, exists outside our temporal reality,
making him eternal. Aristotle stated that eternal beings are essentially good; there can be no
imperfection in something that existing necessarily. Evil originates from a lack of, something which
should exist. This would have to be the mere absence of 'actuality' that Aristotle stated God

Hinduism And Buddhism Similarities
Buddhism and Hinduism are two religions that are known to share many similarities and contrasting
differences. Both religions are thought to have originated in the Ganges culture of Northern India
around 500 BC (Gartzke and Kristian, 57). Some religious scholars argue that Hinduism and
Buddhism share a long but peculiar relationship which is comparable to that of Christianity and
Judaism. Despite the existence of a strong rivalry between the followers of Buddha and the Siva,
both the religions, Buddhism and Hinduism have influenced each other in many ways (Gartzke and
Kristian, 59). Some of the similarities which Hinduism and Buddhism share include emphasizing on
the concept of Karma, compassion, and non–violence towards living creatures, belief ... Show more
With many Hindu texts professing on the eternal nature of the soul, atman is said to be trapped
within a cycle of rebirth (Saraswathi, 46). Both reincarnation and Karma ideas are merged to
stipulate that the thoughts and actions within an individual's present life will play an important role
in determining the condition of soul's future existences. There is, therefore, a cause and effect of
every action. The motivation of religious and moral activities in Hinduism is to accumulate good
Karma so as to free oneself from baneful material thus liberating the soul from the cycle of rebirth
(Fisher and Rinehart, 77). According to the idea of rebirth, death only relates to the physical body
but the soul continues and is reborn into another body. The continuing worldly existence, the
samsara, thus refers to the cycle of repeated births. As already mentioned, reincarnation is dictated
by the law of Karma. According to Hinduism, Karma is the law of cosmos leading to the absolute
reality (Fisher and Rinehart, 78). The doctrine of Karma sets the world of justice making every
action to have an outcome. Renouncing the worldly life is an important aspect in spiritual liberation
and entails embodying Hinduism's Dharma ideals so as to build good Karma that will prevent one
from coming back as a lower class Hindu or even an animal (Saraswathi,

Aristotle's Four Main Causes Essay
To some the causes and effects of things are mutually exclusive, and coexistence with one another.
When observing specific equipment or even life, the question stands that there must be an account
that took place before such items ceased to exist. Particularly, Aristotle argues that each thing,
whatever it may be, will have causes, or types of explanatory factors by which that thing can be
explained. The significant knowledge of causes allows for specific accounts to be known. It's like
questioning what occurred first the chicken or the egg. Anything in life offers a question of cause;
something must have been in order to bring about the nature of today. These causes are apparent in
answering everyday questions, which in turn explains that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The first causes of things are the Material cause: "that from which, <as a constituent> present in it, a
thing comes to be. Material cause relates to the corporeal cause of a specific object" (194b,24). The
material cause consequently transpires for the reason that the parts constituents as materials. Next,
the elucidation of the causes is a direct derivative from its own portions such as elements,
components, materials, establishing entire thing. Aristotle refers to bronze and silver as models of
material cause; which describes that the elements are the causes of a statue. So having bronze will
ultimately lead one to a statue. In referring to change the bronze transforms into the statue.
Physically the statue must undergo some process to change its current state into a statue. The
material causes of things allow us to function. For example the beds that we sleep on every day and
the homes or dorms people walk into are a material cause of some builder or manufactures. Aristotle
wrote "That we must acquire knowledge, of the original causes since we say we know a thing
whenever we think we know its primary cause" (983a, 24–16). Aristotle draws a discrepancy
amongst potential and practicality. This is directly correlated to the process of change and motion.
Change can be described as an object taking on a new form. The object has the potential to convert
into something different, and change is actually the potential of "one form of matter to become
another form of

What Is Hinduism A Religion?
When compared to other religions, Hinduism is different in that it has no official founder, set of
guidelines, or origin. The earliest account of the religion is among the Aryans, who were located in
ancient India approximately 4000 years ago. Although Hinduism is categorized as a religion, the
phrase does not begin to capture the complexity of the socio–philosophical way of life. In fact, the
religion is riddled with uncertainty and viewpoints that are not always consistent. Reflectent of the
Indian society, Hinduism is practiced by various denominations, races, and translated into just as
many dialects. This fact alone has helped mold Hinduism into a very versatile practice. Despite of
the heterogeneous mix of interpretations of the religion,

The Concepts Of Hinduism And Buddhism
The Concepts of Hinduism and Buddhism
(Name)
(Course name)
(Instructors name)
(Date of submission)
The Concepts of Hinduism and Buddhism
Buddhism and Hinduism have common roots: both religions have arisen in India. However, over
long history of its formation, Buddhism has absorbed traditions of many civilizations of the East. It
was not just a religion. This teaching is about personal enlightenment and contemplation of spirit.
This awakening of soul has no reference to God. According to Hindu teachings, the whole world is a
samsara. It consists of endless series of rebirths, where life is a suffering and stagnancy. The world
around is an illusion. Nevertheless, beyond samsara exists a real world, which is ruled by the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nobody argues with such fate. The biggest chances to break out of samsara are representatives of
the highest priestly caste. Buddhism professes this principle in opportunities to attain the supreme
grace. It does not appreciate caste society. In addition, Buddhism is focusing solely on the individual
and his conscience.
Hinduism is an amorphous religion. It has no single founder, does not constitute a single religion
with specific dogma, and consists of many apprenticeships which have the same roots, but often
include contradictory. Buddhism has a clear doctrine, though it is not a dogma. This movement is a
system of philosophical knowledge. Generally, Hinduism is a national religion of Indians. Hinduism
is unthinkable outside its boundries. Buddhism is a religion that is non–national. It involves people
with different cultural traditions.
Buddhists have their own cultural and educational centers, their ideology. Buddhism, preaches
social and political indifference. In practice, they made a huge contribution to the organization of
society and its ethno–political awareness of their values. Society, politics and history are
diametrically far for the followers of Hinduism. Hinduism is indifferent and unavailable for
alteration or changes. Buddhism is more dynamic concept and it is attainable for renewal.
Place of emergence and spread of Hinduism is Indian subcontinent, where the

The Goals of Hinduism and Buddhism Essay
2. Hinduism and Buddhism are traditions that originated from the Vedic sacrifice practice, and they
share a common foundation in their view of existence. What are the similarities, and very
importantly, the differences in their respective focuses and goals? Also included in this topic: For a
time, Buddhism became a dominant tradition in much of India, but then Hinduism rose to become
the dominant tradition. There are relatively few Buddhists in India today, especially in comparison
to the number of Hindus. Why did Buddhism "lose favor", and Hinduism become dominant?
Discuss this historically (what happened and when did it happen) and analytically (why did most
Indian people find Hinudism more attractive).
The world has many different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Buddhism has a similar concept, dhamma (note even the linguistic similarity). Dhamma does not
imply specific biological or social obligations, but maintains a comparable philosophical construct.
The Buddhist definition of right conduct and personal obligation, dhamma is the path which must be
taken to escape the suffering of worldly life.
Other similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism are more apparent. Both religions maintain a
broad perspective of religious worship. Hinduism is polytheistic while Buddhism maintains no
structured belief in an independent, sentient god–like entity (especially in human form). Either of
these concepts yields a malleable religion which can adjust and conform to local tradition and
fluctuations in intellectual and spiritual thought. Both religions believe in a system of reincarnation,
and both religions emphasize the community over the self. The major rift between the two religions
seems to stem from the role of social structure in the two religions. Hinduism's caste system
perpetuates a fatalism and apathy toward social rights and advancement while reinforcing the ruling
establishment. Buddhism concentrates on the individual's release from suffering, implying no
overriding social definition. The outstanding example of Hinduism's establishment tendencies is the
caste system. The caste system divides the Hindu people into four major classes, Brahman,
Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, and "untouchables," or people outside of

The Feminist Movement Of The 18th Century Enlightenment...
In our modern, selfie–centric, and Facebook–likes–driven culture, it is widely understood that the
formation and discovery of the "self" are crucial to one's potential happiness. It is often advised that
one must first focus on the well–being, contentment, and happiness of one's self before working to
provide such things for another. However, this mentality is relatively new in human history. It was
once considered selfish to think of the "self" before the welfare of one's community since they were
once much more deeply and rigidly bound together. As one can imagine, the transition from a
community–centric society to that of a self–centric society was neither easy nor quick. It caused
strife for many generations as those of the community–based society saw their values being
displaced and those who fought for the self–centric changes they felt were necessary and right
clashed over differing values. A prime example of this would be the feminist movement of the 18th
Century Enlightenment movement; women were fighting to be perceived as equals, and they often
conveyed ideas on their society and their positions in it though literature. In Mary Robinson's
satirically ironic The Natural Daughter, she does just that by narrating the life of Martha, a young
woman who rebuffs societal notions of ideal ladyhood and instead commits to being her "self."
When we first meet Martha, she is traveling with her overbearingly pompous father, resigned
mother, and idyllic younger sister. "Julia

Hinduism And Buddhism Similarities
Both Buddhism and Hinduism are well known religions. They are two of the most popular
polytheistic faiths in the world. Some people believe them to be sects of the same religion, but they
are mistaken. Buddhism and Hinduism have some similarities, but many things set them apart from
each other as well. They are each their own religion in many aspects.
Buddhism and Hinduism come from the same region, India. Both of them are very focused on
nature, the things around them, though they both believe in several hells and heavens, or higher and
lower worlds. They both believe in karma which is the affect a person's actions in this life will
change his next life. Another point is that both religions focus on peace, and non violence towards
all living things. They are compassionate, which ties into their focus on nature. Buddhism and
Hinduism also believe in various spiritual practices such as meditation, concentration, and states of
mind. Desire is the largest cause of suffering in both of the faiths. Another likeness is they both
believe in reincarnation, and salvation. They believe the good deeds of a person are their work for
salvation and their salvation will decide their next life, when they are reincarnated. Also, they both
believe that there are many paths to enlightenment, such as overcoming your feelings and
controlling over the six senses. Both religions are more philosophical then religious. Buddhists and
Hindus both practice many forms of yoga and meditation

Hindus Perception Of Munduka Upanishad
A Hindus ultimate goal in their lifetime is to reach moksha and be released from the suffering
caused by samsara. This aim of this spiritual quest brings positive motivation to the Hindu religion.
To achieve moksha, one must practice ways to reach self–realization. The Munduka Upanishad first
elaborated on the concept of self–realization (Eknath, 1987). This passage discusses the importance
of achieving self–realization, when once can distinguish between lower or higher knowledge. Self–
realization is obtained by finding peace within atman, through the practice of jnana, bhakti, or
karma. Jnana means achieving true knowledge through meditation and yoga to gain insight into
one's real life. Bhakti is showing devotion for the many Hindu gods, through many practices of
worship (Hume, 1971). Aside from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The caste system is made up of the four varnas: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras
(Griffith, 1992). These different levels of social classes divide the Hindu population into groups
based on karma and duties. If one performs good deeds throughout their lifetime, then they will be
reincarnated into a higher class. The highest class is Brahmin, also known as the intellectual class.
Hindus in this class are represented as priests and provide knowledge to others about Brahman
(Burghart, 1978). A major duty of a Brahmin is to study the Vedas, which are sacred Hindu
scriptures. The second highest class is the Kshatriyas, known as the warrior class. Kshatriyas defend
the Brahmins by their courageous characteristics. The Vaishyas represent the commerce class.
Hindus in this class are mostly traders and farmers. Lastly, the lowest class is the Shudras, known as
the labor class. Shoemakers, washers, and sweepers are examples of duties within this class. Shudras
are not to study the Vedas or participate in Vedic rituals (Burghart,

Hindu Religion Vs Western Religion
The Hindu religion is the third largest religion in the world, with an expanding impact on virtually
every facet of life. The wealthy, famous athletes, and political leaders seek advice from their
spiritual leaders and gurus. Karma is a popular term in everyday conversations. In addition, the yoga
craze has caught on and many Christians practice this exercise without understanding exactly what
its purpose has traditionally been. Doctors use yoga to help patients with migraines, immunities, and
blood flow. Health authorities are using the Indian model to see what Hindu methods might be
helpful to our modern way of living. Reincarnation is now a popular belief among the Western
cultures.
The New Age movement is a vast prism of beliefs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This religion is a imbedded in the culture and begins with family. Thus, an individual's value is not
determined by hard work or achievement. Rather, social standing is hinged on your family's
reputation. This reputation can span many generations and has a wide swathe that includes uncles,
cousins, and grandparents. Boundaries or continents between these families make no difference, as
they all stay close and interconnected. The importance of the family cannot be overstated. Each
member of the family is taken care of as a unit from birth to grave. Marriages, education, and
professions are usually determined by the extended family. This model gets flipped as the
grandparents and parents are provided for by their children. The family dwellings are also the
primary place of worship for each family. Rooms or shelves for shrines to their gods are common.
The images of their gods can range from a small postcard up to larger carved statues. These images
are very often adorned with flowers and decorations. No family conducts worship quite the same.
Some are strict in observance and others are more casual. Of note, the very images that they worship
can have very little significance to one family, while another might feel like they are actual living
beings. All of these concepts are difficult for most Christians to understand and

Relationship Between Hinduism And Buddhism
The religious history of India is long and complex. Hinduism was the first known religion to
permeat India and the surrounding area. A couple thousand years later, Buddhism originated as a
reformation of Hinduism–rejecting its caste system and deities–and began to rearrange the religious
status of India. Today, Eastern Asia is divided between Buddhism and Hinduism. Only Nepal
employs both religions, considering them inextricably linked. The history and current situation of
the relationship between Hinduism and Buddhism begs the question: Can Buddhism exist in a Hindu
society in a way that fulfills each religion? Huston Smith's The World's Religions and the Buddhist
Scriptures each contribute to this controversial conversation. Despite strong arguments for the
conjunction of the two religions and the similarities they share, the philosophical and categorical
difference between the two demonstrates a tension better than it does a cohesion.
Since Buddhism arose from Hinduism, they share many values and goals. One mutual goal of the
two religions is the concept of Nirvana or moksha. Since each religion places this sort of
enlightenment as the paramount objective of its congregations, the efforts to reach it would be
doubled and individuals would be more inclined to and more capable of reaching enlightenment.
Some other features that Hinduism and Buddhism have in common include the significance of
karma and dharma. In each practice, improving one's karma is one of the goals of

Origin of Hindu Religion
A Hindu ( pronunciation (help·info), Devanagari: हिन्दु) is an adherent of Hinduism, a set of
religious, philosophical and cultural systems that originated in the Indian subcontinent. The vast
body of Hindu scriptures, divided into Śruti ("revealed") and Smriti ("remembered"), lay the
foundation of Hindu beliefs, which primarily include dhárma, kárma, ahimsa and saṃsāra. Vedānta
and yoga are one of the several core schools of Hindu philosophy, broadly known as the Sanātana
Dharma. The word Hindu is at times attributed to all persons professing Hinduism, Jainism,
Buddhism or Sikhism as is used in the Constitution of India.[1]
With more than a billion adherents, Hinduism is the world's third largest religion. The vast majority
of Hindus, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The early medieval Puranas helped establish a religious mainstream among the pre–literate tribal
societies undergoing acculturation. The tenets of Brahmanic Hinduism and of the Dharmashastras
underwent a radical transformation at the hands of the Purana composers, resulting in the rise of a
mainstream "Hinduism" that overshadowed all earlier traditions.[14]
Though Islam came to India in the early 7th century with the advent of Arab traders and the
conquest of Sindh, it started to become a major religion during the later Muslim conquest in the
Indian subcontinent.[12] During this period Buddhism declined rapidly and many Hindus converted
to Islam. Numerous Muslim rulers such as Aurangzeb destroyed Hindu temples and persecuted non–
Muslims; however some, such as Akbar, were more tolerant. Hinduism underwent profound
changes, in large part due to the influence of the prominent teachers Ramanuja, Madhva, and
Chaitanya.[12] Followers of the Bhakti movement moved away from the abstract concept of
Brahman, which the philosopher Adi Shankara consolidated a few centuries before, with emotional,
passionate devotion towards the more accessible avatars, especially Krishna and Rama.[15]
The Swaminarayan sect's Akshardham Temple in Delhi, according the Guinness World Records is
the World's Largest Comprehensive Hindu Temple
Indology as an academic

I Have An Assignment For You
I have an assignment for you that will be more challenging than pressing up into handstand or
putting both legs behind your head. In fact, you have to be a real yogi to accept. Are you ready?
Here it is: Be nice all day, from the moment you wake up until the moment you fall asleep. Be kind
and generous in your thoughts, speech actions and feelings. If it sounds easy and you don't believe
me, try giving it a shot before you shrug it off.
Because in between traffic jams, travel delays, dirty dishes, barking dogs, screaming babies, bills to
pay, laundry piles and a thousand other things that line your to–do list, it can be easy to get annoyed
or frustrated with the world around you. Take time to reflect on your day so far. If you snapped at
anyone ... judged someone harshly (including yourself) ... honked your horn in frustration ... or
harbored negativity of any kind ... then you failed the test already. See? It's not as easy as it seems to
be genuinely nice all day in every way. In fact, it might just be impossible.
After more than fifteen years of a steady Ashtanga Yoga practice, I now measure my success in the
practice of yoga by how long I'm able to keep my emotional center spacious enough to be genuinely
kind. Trust me, it's almost easy to get on the mat and bend and twist your body in comparison. And
it is much harder to maintain a kind and generous heart in the face of adversity and stress.
But the real yoga happens off the mat.
The purpose of every yoga pose is really to

Similarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism
Hinduisms and Buddhism have many beliefs that correlate with one another. Especially in the area
of how Hinduism has affected Buddhism. One of the common points to understand is that Buddha,
the founder of Buddhism was born in India, and started out as a Hindu. Hinduism emerged before
Buddhism and influence many of Buddhist beliefs such as the Dhamma, Karma, Samsara, and
Nirvana. Dhamma, for instance, is the moral law of the universe which comes from the Sanskrit
word dharma. It has the same meaning in Hinduism and was revealed to the rishis who composed
the Vedas. Karma as described as the "action", and "consequences of action as well" (pg.97). The
term originates as well from Hinduism but is also an essential core value of Buddhism. The ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is our desire that causes us to go through the various stages of suffering in this life while on earth.
The process of reincarnation and karma are important for a Hindu. Suffering is related to the concept
of karma in the Hindu religion. We know suffering as an apart of life and is a result of past actions
and thought that occurred in this life or a previous life. Buddhism doctrine of the Four Nobel Truths
addresses in the second truth that suffering is caused by our own selfish desire and personal
cravings. It is important to understand these similarities to understand the doctrine that Hinduism
and Buddhism share. I was able to understand why the incorporate yoga, belief in reincarnation, and
their belief about peace and non–violence towards all living things. Another important concept that
is similar to the two religions is that they have no single supreme beings or one holy book of
Christianity. Many of the teachings of Hindus come from Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishad,
Mahabharata, Ramayana, and other Hindu text. Buddhist as well use many books rather than one
single book. In Buddhism, some of its teachings come from the Buddhist texts, from past down
knowledge of Buddha. I found understanding this idea to help construct how one identifies,
practices, these two religions. Overall, I found studying these two religions interesting to the fact
that I was able to identify similar concepts of each religion with each

Construction Modeling And Cosmos : Study Of Indian Temple...
Kaushik.k
Pa101814
Professor.urvi DESAI
Introduction IN ARCHITECTURE
November 1,2014
Construction modeling AND COSMOS
Study OF INDIAN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE
Chapter by chapter list
1.introduction ............................................................................................. 3
1.1 Aim
1.2 Objectives
2.the HINDU TEMPLE ................................................................................ 5
2.1 Elements of Hindu sanctuary
2.2 Material of Construction
2.3 Evolution of Architectural Styles
2.4 Developments in Temple Architecture
3.the GEOMETRY OF HINDU TEMPLE .............................................................................. 11
3.1 Cosmology and Hindu Temple

3.2 The Concept – Vastupurashamandala
3.3 The Plan
4. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS .............................................................................. 13
5. Development TECHNOLOGY .............................................................................. 14
6.conclusion .............................................................................. 16
Book reference
Presentation
"Construction modeling is that extraordinary living inventive soul which from era to era, from age
to age, returns, perseveres, makes, as indicated by the way of man, and his circumstances asthey
change. That is truly architecture.".. Honest Lloyd Wright
"Construction modeling is the lattice of civilization"..lethaby
An investigation of history of

Hinduism Research Paper
Hinduism originated in India and is the main religion of the country. Hinduism deals with a variety
of religious traditions and philosophies that have developed over many years. Most Hindus worship
one or more gods and value the practice of meditation. Hindus believe in reincarnation and that the
process of creation is based on cycles. This means when you die you are starting a new beginning as
another form of creation. There are many texts that the Hindu religion deals which includes the
Vedas and the Upanishads. The Vedas are a group of four texts that deal with worship during the
Vedic Period between 2000 to 500 BCE. The Upanishads are group of one– hundred works that give
insights into internal and external reality. Some of the most important ... Show more content on
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It refers the soul of each individual living thing. Every living thing including people, animals, and
plants have an Atman that forms the essence of the thing. The Atman is not the body of the
individual because a body can not last forever. Atman is eternal and immortal meaning it stays with
the person when they die and move on to a new cycle. Atman is a key philosophical concept in the
Upanishads. According to the Upanishads Atman is different from the notion of an individual soul
and could be described better as "deepest self". They also teach that it is correct to say that you are
God, because if you understand reality at the deepest level then everything is God. Next, according
to Hindu belief each person has their own individual soul that shows uniqueness and personality.
When Atman is experienced fully it is identical with Brahman. Atman and Brahman are timeless,
holy, and divine. Atman refers to the experience of the sacred source within one self, while Brahman
refers to the experience of the source in nature and the

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