conservation of Pandas and its importance

1. CONSERVATION OF GIANT PANDA AND ART
M.JEEVITHA PRIYA M.Tech
kandhan sankaranarayanan M.tech., D.acu., MD(acu).
Biotechnologist and wellness advisor

2. SOMETHING ABOUT ME
• Scientific name -Ailuropoda melanoleuca commonly called
as panda bears.
• Where do I live now ? My young ones ?
1/900th of my size
What is my life span?
15 years
Am good at ?
Tree-climbing
How tall will I be ?
4 to 6 ft
Am I easy to lift?
100 to 115 kg
what do I eat?
Bamboo sticks

3. CONSERVATION STATUS
“A species that is in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the causal
factors continue; included are species whose numbers have been reduced to a
critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that the species are
deemed to be in danger of extinction.”
Extinct (EX) – No known individuals remaining.
Extinct in the wild (EW) – Known only to survive in captivity.
Critically endangered (CR) – Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
Endangered (EN) – High risk of extinction in the wild.
Vulnerable (VU) – High risk of endangerment in the wild.
Near threatened (NT) – Likely to become endangered in the near future.
Least concern (LC) – Lowest risk.
www.artistwd.com.

4. WHY YOU WANT TO SAVE ME ?

5. WHAT THREATENS ME ?
http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/giant
-panda
Habitat loss Hunting
Snow leopard bamboo rats

6. WHO IS MY FRIEND ?
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was set up in
September 1961, at International Union for
the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources (IUCN) headquarters in Morges,
Switzerland.

7. What is being done to save me?
• Conservation education and public awareness activities.
• International breeding programs in zoos around the world.
• Creation of 14 new panda reserves .
• Assisted reproduction techniques.
• Increasing the area of panda habitat under legal protection
and creating green corridor.
• patrolling against poaching, illegal logging, and
encroachment.
• continued research and monitoring
http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/giant
-panda

8. ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNIQUE
(ART)
 What is an Assisted Reproduction?
Any directed action taken by humans to enhance
reproduction in animals.
 Techniques
• Artificial Insemination
• Embryo transfer
• In vitro fertilization
• Semen/embryo sexing
• Gamete/embryo micromanipulation
• Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
• Genome resource banking.
 What is needed?
basic knowledge of reproductive cycles

9. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
 The information concerning estrous cycles is done by
Fecal/urinary assays for steroid/hormone metabolites to
indicate endocrine status.
 Standard collection methods, i.e.
• artificial vagina
• vaginal condoms
• electro ejaculation (under anesthesia)
(Kersey et al. 2003)

10. Problems:
 Ovulation must be induced by exogenous
gonadotropins which frequently do not
work
 Actual site of semen deposition is not
frequently known.so it is done by
transabdominally by laparoscope (invasive
surgery)

11. SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR
TRANSFER
Chen, et al. 2002

12. GENOME RESOURCE BANKING
Goal: To create depositories of germplasm as an
interface between ex situ and in situ conservation
programs.
Types:
Semen Banks
Embryo or Oocyte Banks
Tissue Graft Banks
- Holt and Pickard, 1999

13. - Holt and Pickard, 1999

14. SOME FACTS OF ART
 It shows great promise for enhancing reproduction in
endangered species
 To date, results are inconsistent, usually failure and
require much more R&D
 Many species do not have the time to wait, and ART is
expensive ,represents an investment.
 Disparity between promise and deliverable results has
caused conflict between ART researchers and wildlife
biologists

15. Zoo Biologists vs. Wildlife Managers
vs.
So who is right?
…they BOTH are

16. CASE STUDIES
1.Giant panda conservation in wolong nature reserve for
Examing the bamboo life history on panda population in the
context of the growing rural community.
2.Reproductive sciences and integrated conservation of giant
pandas-smithsonian national zoological park.

17. integrated conservation of giant pandas

18. How can we help to save or assist in
financing research for giant pandas?

19. Questions?

20. REFERENCES
• http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/panda/3800
4.htm
• http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/giant-panda#
• Evaluating Conservation Effectiveness of Nature
Reserves Established for Surrogate Species: Case of a
Giant Panda Nature Reserve in QinlingMountains,
China XU Weihua1 et al .2014.
• http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/10/1
11017-pandas-bamboo-bacteria-plants-meat-bears-
animals-science
• http://www.pandasinternational.org/wptemp/why-
save-the-giant-panda/