here we will discuss about the importance of vitamin D

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ASSAM AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF COMMUNITY SCIENCE
PRESENTATION ON VITAMIN-D
SUBMITTED TO,
DR. ABNITA THAKURIA
DEPT. OF FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
SUBMITTED BY,
KALYAN GOGOI
JYOTIADITYA B. DIHINGIA
DAVID DAS
ARIYAN ISLAM
ASHIK IKBAL

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CONTENTS
❑ INTRODUCTION
❑ SOURCES
❑ FUNCTION OF VITAMIN-D
❑ ABSORBTION , TRANSPORT AND
STORAGE OF VITAMIN-D
❑ RECOMMENDED DIETARY
ALLOWANCE
❑ DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
❑ DISEASES AND DISORDERS
❑ VITAMIN-D TOXICITY
❑ CONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTION
Vitamin D, also known as calciferol , is a fat soluble vitamin
that has long been known to help the body absorb and retain
calcium and phosphorus; both are crucial for building bone. It
also helps to reduce the growth of cancer cells. Only Few
foods naturally contains vitamin D, though some foods are
fortified with vitamin D. But for most people the best way to
get vitamin D is taking supplement because it is hard to eat
enough through food .
Vitamin D supplements are available in two forms :
1) Vitamin D2(ergocalciferol). [Obtained from plant sources]
2) Vitamin D3(cholecalciferol). [Obtained from animal sources]

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SOURCES
One of the major sources of vitamin D is sunlight, people often can
get the majority of their vitamin D intake from sunlight exposure.
However people at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency cannot
solely rely on sunlight exposure for vitamin D production. The
following foods are a great source of vitamin D :
• Salmon
• Egg yolks
• Cheese
• Liver
• Mushrooms
• Tuna

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Function of vitamin-D
1. Promotes the absorption of calcium from the small intestine.
2. Maintain blood levels of calcium and phosphate for bone
formation, mineralisation , growth and repair.
3. Improves muscle strength and immune function.
4. Prevents rickets from children.
5. Prevents osteoporosis in adults.
6. Decrease the chances of heart diseases.

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ABSORBTION,TRANSPORT & STORAGE OF VITAMIN-D
ABSORPTION : Vitamin D enters the body through production in the skin or
absorbed from the upper small intestine. Vitamin D2 and D3 form micelles by
combining with bile salts. Then the mixed micelles are presented to the intestinal
lumen. The absorption occurs by passive transport.
TRANSPORT : About (85-88%) Vitamin D is
transported from intestine to the liver by
binding to vitamin D binding globulin. Only
(12-15%) of vitamin D is transported by binding
to albumin.
STORAGE : Vitamin D is mainly stored in the liver
and the fatty tissues. The liver converts the vitamin
D into calcidiol which is the storage form of the
vitamin. The liver then converts it further to
calcitriol , which helps treating low calcium level in
our body.

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Recommended daily allowance
Adults : 5 - 10 µg/day
Children : 10 µg/day
Pregnancy , lactation : 10 µg/day
Deficiency symptoms
• Bone pain
• Muscle pain or weakness
• Impaired wound healing
• Lower back pain
• Deformities in joints

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Disease and disorders
Deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults
Rickets: It is a vitamin D deficiency state in children.
• Causes: Dietary deficiency and non-exposure to sunlight. Rickets in
children is characterized by bone deformities due to incomplete
mineralization.
• Causing enlargement and softening of bones, Delay in teeth formation
The weight bearing bones are bent to form bow-legs Decreased serum
calcium.
• Deformation of muscles: potbelly due to weakness of abdominal muscles.
Osteoporosis : Vitamin D deficiency in adults.
• Causes: Inadequate exposure to sunlight or low dietary intake.
• Features: Demineralization occurs mainly in spine, pelvis and lower
extremities.
• Bowing of the long bones may occur due to weight of the body.
• Flattening of pelvis bones may cause difficulty during labour.
• Decreases the density of bones.

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VITAMIN-D TOXICITY
• Vitamin D is most toxic in overdoses .
• Toxic effects include- demineralization of bones, increased calcium
absorption from intestine, leading increased plasma calcium
(hypercalcemia).
• Hypercalcemia is associated with deposition of calcium in many soft
tissues such as kidney and arteries.
• It leads to formation of stones (renal calculi).
• High consumption is associated with loss of appetite, nausea,
increased thirst, loss of weight etc.

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conclusion
Vitamin-D is essential for the maintenance of skeletal health and
accumulating events suggests that vitamin D deficiency is an
independent risk factor for various extra-skeletal diseases including
cancer.

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