This exercise is for writting on Journal for first Prof. D.V.M. of Fisrts semester FAH&VETY SAU Tandojam

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EXERCISE NO. 2
Ex: Collection of blood, sites of blood collection in different animal species, precautions
while blood collection.
Blood Sample Collection Techniques:
 Remove the hair by shaving or clipping
 Swab the skin with alcohol, ether or tincture of Iodine to remove all excessive
contamination.
 Raise the vain by pressure, rubbing the site with alcohol help in outlining the vein more
clearly.
 Insert sterilized needle into vein.
 Gently aspirate the blood with syringe to avoid collapse of the vein.
 Remove the needle from syringe and allow the blood to flow out near the bottom of the
collection tube having anticoagulant.
 Do not shake vigorously to avoid rupturing of red cells.
Note: Needle and syringes should preferably be of sterile disposable variety.
 The use of dirty needles should be avoided and on needle or syringe should not be used to
sample several animals.
 All syringes must e perfectly dry.
Sites of Blood Collection:
Horse:
 Blood is obtained from jugular vein in horse.
 Fine bore 3.5 cm needle (21 G) and a syringe or vacutainer is used to collect blood
 The vein is raised by pressure with left hand in lower half of the jugular furrow.
 Needle is inserted in the centre of vein and in an upward direction.
 Plunger of syringe is gently pulled out to facilitate collection.
Cattle, Sheep and Goat:
 Blood is obtained from Jugular vein.
 5cm, 16 G needles is used.
 The vein is raised by digital pressure or with a rope.
 In lactating cattle the mammary vein is an alternative site.
 Blood can be collected from coccygeal vein in the base of the tail with 1 inch needle.

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 The needle is inserted in the midline of tail at second to third coccygeal intervertebral
space to depth of an inch.
 Alternatively the needle is inserted until the bone reached and then withdrawn
slightly.
Dog and Cat:
 Blood is obtained from cephalic vein using 21G needle and syringe.
 Vein is raised by gentle digital pressure.
 Needle is inserted into vein and blood is collected by gentle traction on the
Syringe.
Containers for Sample Collection:
 Blood for hematology should be placed in bottles containing anticoagulants like EDTA
(Ethylene diamine tetra acetate) or Heparin. Needle should be removed from syringe
before collected blood sample is placed into glass tube.
 A variety of commercially available tubes can be used for blood collection. These tubes
are commonly known as vacutainer tubes.
 Vacutainers are commonly referred by their stopper color, which is used to identify the
type of anticoagulation system the tubes contain.
1) The red-top tubes contain no anti-coagulant, also called plain tubes. These are used
for serum collection.
2) Lavender-Top Tube contains anticoagulant ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA).
This tube is used to collect blood for hematological determination. The liquid
tripotassium salt is the most commonly used form of EDTA, and this is the most
preferred for use in preservation of cell volume as measured on automated
hematology analyzer. This also preserves morphological features on stained film.
3) Green-Top or Heparin Tube: The green –top tube contain heparin. This anticoagulant
is used for certain special biochemistry tests, particularly those that require a whole
blood aliquot for determination and that might be influenced by the presence of other
chemical anticoagulant.
4) Blue –Top or Citrate Tube: The blue –top tube contain sodium citrate. It is used for
coagulation biochemistry determination.
5) Sure Step Tube- This tube is variation of the rd –top tube containing no anti-
coagulant. The stopper is red with black mottling, and the tube contain a gel that
separate packed cell friction from serum, thus prevent anyalyte metabolism from
occurring at cell/fluid interface.
6) Gray-Tope or Flouride Tubes- The grey- top tubes contain sodium chloride. Flouride
is not an anticoagulant, however. Rather, it inhibits enzymes in glycolytic pathway
and prevents erythrocyte, from metabolizing glucose while whole blood is transported
to laboratory.
The end