Historical growth of Indian press

1. GROWTH OF INDIAN PRESS
J.Janardhan

2. HISTORICAL GROWTH OF INDIAN
PRESS
 History of Journalism can be divided into two phases
I. Pre- Independence
II. Post-Independence era
 The growth of newspapers in India has seen four distinct
phases
a) 1780-1857, b)1857-1947, c) 1947-1975, d) 1977-Till now

3. HISTORICAL GROWTH OF INDIAN
PRESS
Several Newspapers started in India during British regime
 With the only objective of expose the misdeeds
 James Augustus Hicky started first Indian newspaper-'Bengal
Gazette/ Calcutta General Advertiser' on 29th Jan, 1780
 He was considered as father of the Indian Press
 English press in India, Challenged the authorities
 Both to justify their own actions and respond to public demand

4. HISTORICAL GROWTH OF INDIAN
PRESS
 British authorities treated the press with distrust
 introduced stringent licensing and registration laws
 Hickey’s Gazette contained comments on private affairs of
British rules.
 He described his publication as ‘The paper is open to all, but
influenced by none’.
 Continues attack by Hickey’s Gazette, Sir Warren Hasting
denied postal facilities to circulate newspaper.

5. HISTORICAL GROWTH OF INDIAN
PRESS
 In June, 1781, Hickey was imprisoned for being unable to pay
fines of Rs.80,000/-
 The second Indian Newspaper-The India Gazette started in
Nov, 1780 by B. Massink.
 In February, 1784, The Calcutta Gazette was started.
 In 1785, Bengal Journal was started
 In 1786, the Oriental Magazine was started.
 Calcutta Chronicle (1786), Indian World (1794) & Bengal
Harkaru (1798) were started in Bengal

6. HISTORICAL GROWTH OF INDIAN
PRESS
 After Calcutta, Indian Press witnessed remarkable growth in
Madras and Bombay.
 In 1785, The Madras Courier started
 In 1789, The Bombay Herald started
 In 1790, Bombay courier

7. HISTORICAL GROWTH OF INDIAN
PRESS
 The Madras Press was on Hostile terms with govt.
 The then Govt. imposed censorship on Madras Gazette on 12
Dec, 1795.
 Four years later, 29th June, 1799, Newspapers were ordered for
pre-censorship.
 18th
century marked the end of a phase in journalism in India.

8. HISTORICAL GROWTH OF INDIAN
PRESS
 In 1813, Lord Minto abolished pre-censorship.
 And introduced liberal ideas on education and progressive
views towards the press.
 In 1818, James Silk Buckingham established ‘the Calcutta
Journal’.
 But, in 1823, Governor General John Adam imposed restriction
on the Calcutta Journal
 He strongly advocated social reform with the free press.

9. HISTORICAL GROWTH OF INDIAN
PRESS
 Raja Ram Mohan Roy was published first newspaper in Indian
language.
 He felt that Newspapers are absolutely necessary to reform the
people.
 He believed that reforms possible only by understanding many
things in their own language.
 He started a Persian newspaper called ‘Miratul-Akhbar’ and
Sambad Kaumudi ( the moon of intelligence)- a weekly
 He fought against the restriction on press
 He argued newspaper should be free from censorship
 He considered as ‘father of vernacular journalism’

10. Thank You