2. AGENDA
O Presentation: Terms
O Peer Revision: You must
have three copies of your
essay. If you do not, you
may leave now to print or
copy them.
O Author Introduction:
Charles Chesnutt
3. Terms for Exam 3
O Gay: Someone who is primarily or exclusively attracted to
members of the same sex. In certain contexts, this term is used to
refer only to those who identify as men.
O Heterosexual Privilege: Being able to kiss or hug your partner in
public without threat or punishment; adopting or foster-parenting
children; dating the person of your desire during your teen years;
receiving validation from your religious community; receiving
social acceptance.
O Homophobia: The irrational hatred and fear of lesbian and gay
people that is produced by institutionalized biases in a society or
culture.
O Institutional Oppression: Policies, laws, rules, norms and customs
enacted by organizations and social institutions that disadvantage
some social groups and advantage other social groups. These
institutions include religion, government, education, law, the
media, and health care system.
4. Intersex: An anatomical variation from typical understandings of male and
female genetics. The physical manifestation, at birth, of genetic or
endocrinological differences from the cultural norm. Also, a group of
medical conditions that challenge standard sex designations, proving that
sex, like gender, is a social construct. At least one in 2,000 children is born
with some degree of ambiguity regarding their primary and/or secondary
sex characteristics. In these cases, medical personnel cannot easily label
the child “boy” or “girl.” Most of these children receive cosmetic surgery
so that the child’s genitalia conform to societal and familial expectations
of “normalcy,” even thought such surgeries are not medically necessary
and can damage the child’s reproductive organs. The number of children
born with some degree of intersexuality is difficult to estimate. Intersex
and transgender people share some overlapping experiences and
perspectives, but the terms are not synonymous, and the issues are not the
same. Though intersexed people are opposed to the word “hermaphrodite”
because it is misleading and stigmatizing, it continues to be widely used in
the medical profession.
5. ⥀ Male Privilege: Benefiting from the higher status of men and attributes
associated with men and masculinity within the larger culture.
⥀ Multiple Identities: The concept that a person’s identity does not rest
solely on one factor (e.g., sexual orientation, race, gender, etc.).
Therefore, no single element of one’s identity is necessarily dominant,
although certain identities can take precedence over others at certain
times.
⥀ Dialect: the language of a particular district, class, or group of persons.
It encompasses the sounds, grammar, and diction employed by a specific
people as distinguished from other persons either geographically or
socially. Dialect, as a major technique of characterization, is the use by
persons in a narrative of distinct varieties of language to indicate a
person’s social or geographical status, and is used by authors to give an
illusion of reality to fictional characters. It is sometimes used to
differentiate between characters.
6. Euphemism: the use of an indirect, mild, delicate, inoffensive, or vague
word or expression for one thought to be coarse, sordid, or otherwise
unpleasant, offensive, or blunt.
Hyperbole: obvious and deliberate exaggeration or an extravagant
statement. It is a figure of speech not intended to be taken literally since
it is exaggeration for the sake of emphasis. Hyperbole is a common
poetic and dramatic device.
Imagery: the forming of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things.
It is also the use of language to represent actions, persons, objects, and
ideas descriptively. This means encompassing the senses also, rather than
just forming a mental picture.
Metaphor: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to a
person, idea, or object to which it is not literally applicable. It is an
implied analogy or unstated comparison which imaginatively identifies
one thing with another.
7. Terms Exam 3
O Day: Class 18
O Format: matching, fill in the blank, multiple
choice, and definition writing.
O Number 25 to get 25.
9. 1. Read for a first Impression
a. Each participant in the group will read his or
her essay aloud.
b. Follow along with the reader, briefly noting
paragraphs that are particularly convincing as
well as any that seem unclear or unsupported.
c. Write a one-sentence summary of the essay’s
thesis in the margin, near the thesis.
10.
11.
12. 7. MLA Formatting: Make notes on the essay. Check the following:
The header and heading are correct
The essay is double-spaced throughout.
Book titles are italicized.
Essays, articles, and short stories are in quotation marks.
The first time the writer refers to the author or a character, he or
she uses both the first and last name: Leslie Feinberg; Jess
Goldberg. Later references to the author should be by last name.
References to the literature are in present tense.
In text citations are present and correct. Each citation is
introduced properly.
Commas and periods are INSIDE of quotation marks UNLESS
they are after the parenthetical.
A Works Cited page is present and entries are correctly
formatted.
There is an original title to the work.
13. OReaders: when you finish,
return the draft and the
completed rubric to the
writer.
OWriters: read the comments
and revise your essay
accordingly.
15. Chesnutt was born in 1858, in Cleveland, Ohio, to free parents of mixed racial heritage.
An excellent student, Chesnutt began teaching at the age of fourteen. He took over as
principal of the school 1880.
Chesnutt studied incessantly, learning several languages and shorthand. In New York
City, he worked briefly as a reporter. In 1883 Chesnutt moved his family to Cleveland,
Ohio. There he worked as a clerk with a railway company, and also as a stenographer.
Chesnutt used this job as an opportunity to study law, and he passed the Ohio bar exams
with the highest marks in his class in 1887. At the same time, Chesnutt built his own
lucrative business.
Although he was light skinned enough to be accepted in white society, Chesnutt never
denied his black ancestry and furthermore was unwilling to accept the elitism of the
rising black and mulatto middle class that was then becoming established in the North.
Early in the 1880s Chesnutt began to write short stories and, later, novels. Well-
received at first, Chesnutt's works were later criticized for overt didacticism and the use
of socially controversial themes. Though he continued to write throughout his life,
finding a publisher became increasingly difficult. Chesnutt died on November 15, 1932.
16. Chesnutt was one of the first black Americans to receive critical and popular
attention from the predominantly white literary establishment and readership of his
day, and he was among the first black writers to be published by a major American
magazine and publishing house.
Chesnutt wrote during a time when many of the hopes raised by emancipation and
the Civil War were dispelled as white supremacy was reasserted in the South, and
blacks were consigned to a second class citizenship not demonstrably better than
they had faced as slaves.
His writings about slavery and mulattos living on the “color line” conveyed
implicit denunciations of slavery while appealing to readers of Plantation School
fiction—work by white authors who wrote nostalgically of the antebellum South.
Chesnutt's short stories were applauded for bringing to readers a deeper
understanding of racial issues. Criticism intensified as he dealt with issues
considered sensitive and controversial for his time, such as miscegenation. He is
recognized and honored as an inaugural American author who sought to probe the
black experience through realist fiction.
17. Homework
O Write: Revise Essay 3
O Submit essay #3 through Kaizena
before Friday, week 9, at noon.
O Study: Vocab/terms for Exam 3
O Read:
O “The Passing of Grandison”
Chesnutt
O Helen Lock’s "Transformation of the
Trickster." A link to the article is
posted on our webpage.
O Post #19: Based on the essay
"Transformation of the Trickster,"
identify traits of the trickster you may
have noted in “Grandison” Include
cited references to the text.
