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Phosphates group mineral
1. University of sulimani
College Of Science
Department Of Geology
First Stage
PhosphatesPhosphates
By StudentBy Student
1.Ayad Adil Kareem1.Ayad Adil Kareem
2. PHOSPHATE MINERALS
_Phosphate minerals are those minerals that contain the
tetrahedral coordinated phosphate (PO43-) anion along with the
freely substituting arsenate (AsO43-) and vanadate (VO43-(.
Chlorine)Cl-), fluorine (F-), and hydroxide (OH-) anions also fit
into the crystal structure.
-The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group,
however, only a few species are relatively common.
-Examples include:
-triphyliteLi(Fe,Mn)PO4
-monazite)Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4
-Apatitegroup Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH(
PO43- anion
7. DEPOSITS
_Rock phosphate can also be found on USA,
Egypt,Israel,Morocco,Navassa Island,
Tunisia,Togo,S. Arabia and Jordan have
large
phosphate mining industries as well.
8. Other Common Phosphates
Monazite – (Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4
Ore mineral for Rare Earth Elements
Useful mineral in U-Pb and Th age dating
Wavellite – Al3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O
Radiating globular aggregates
Turquoise –
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·5H2O
9. A rare Chromate: Crocoite
PbCrO4
Monoclinic 2/m.
Commonly in prismatic
crystals, vertically striated
β=102o
33’
Cleavage= {110} perfect
H =2.5 – 3
G= 5.9-6.1
Luster= Adamantine
Color= bright red to orange-
red
Streak =orange-yellow
10. Phosphate minerals
name colour lustre Mohs’ hardness specific gravity
amblygonite white to creamy
white; slightly tinted
vitreous to greasy 5–½6 .3 0–.3 1
carbonate-apatite variable, greens
predominating
vitreous 5 .2 9–.3 2
autunite lemon yellow to sulfur
yellow; greenish
yellow to pale green
vitreous to pearly 2–2½ .3 1–.3 2
brushite colourless to pale
yellow
vitreous or pearly 2½ .2 3
monazite yellowish brown or
reddish brown to
brown
usually resinous or
waxy; sometimes
vitreous or
adamantine
5–5½ .4 6–.5 4;usually 5.0–
5.2
pyromorphite olive green; yellow;
gray; brown to orange
resinous to
subadamantine
3–½4 .7 0
vivianite colourless when fresh,
darkening to deep
blue or bluish black
vitreous 1–½2 .2 7
wavellite greenish white; green
to yellow
vitreous 3–½4 .2 4
lazulite azure blue or sky blue;
bluish white, bluish
green; deep blue
vitreous 5–½6 .3 1–.3 4
monazite yellowish brown or usually resinous or 5–5½ .4 6–.5 4;usually 5.0–
11. name habit or form fracture or cleavage refractive indices crystal
system
amblygonite large, translucent,
cleavable masses; small
transparent crystals
one perfect and one
good cleavage
ambl mont
alpha = 1.578–1.611
beta = 1.595–1.619
gamma = 1.598–1.633
triclinic
carbonate-
apatite
prismatic or thick tabular
crystals; coarse granular
to compact massive;
nodular concretions
conchoidal to uneven
fracture
n = 1.63–1.67 hexagonal
autunite thin tabular crystals; flaky
aggregates; crusts
one perfect, micalike
cleavage
alpha = 1.553
beta = 1.575
gamma = 1.577
tetragonal
brushite transparent to translucent
efflorescences or minute
crystals
two perfect cleavages alpha = 1.539
beta = 1.546
gamma = 1.551
monoclinic
lazulite crystals; compact masses;
grains
two cleavages; uneven
to splintery fracture
lazul scorz
alpha = 1.604–1.639
beta = 1.626–1.670
gamma = 1.637–1.680
monoclinic
torbernite tabular crystals; micalike
masses
one perfect, platy
cleavage
epsilon = 1.582
omega = 1.592
tetragonal
triphylite transparent to translucent
cleavable or compact
massive
one perfect cleavage triph lith
alpha = 1.694–1.669
beta = 1.695–1.673
gamma = 1.700–1.682
orthorhom
bic