Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (13)
Similar to Drug Excretion
Similar to Drug Excretion (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Drug Excretion
- 1. Drug Excretion PHARM TEAM FISHER, BERG, HARRIS & WALTON
- 2. What is Drug Excretion Removal of drugs from the body Sources of excretion Urine Bile Breast milk Sweat & saliva Expired air
- 3. Renal Excretion The Kidneys… Are THE most important organ in drug excretion! Filters blood Three processes Glomerular filtration Passive tubule reabsorption Active tubular secretion
- 4. Renal Excretion Significance Impaired kidney function Decreases renal clearance Increases duration Increases intensity Toxicity
- 5. Biliary Excretion Liver also important in excretion Drugs transferred into bile Secreted into small intestine Removed from body in the feces Polar, lipophilic and drugs that are greater than 300g/mol
- 6. Biliary Excretion Significance Liver and gallbladder diseases can inhibit biliary excretion Increased risk of toxicity Inhibited by other drugs
- 7. Breast Milk Excretion Drugs can cross membrane and be excreted into breast milk of lactating mother Lipophilic, alkaline compounds Hindmilk Significance – infant safety Benefit to mother greater than risk to infant
- 8. References Gardiner, S., & Begg, E. (2001, May 1). Drug Safety in Lactation. Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/Profs/PUarticles/lactation.htm Le, J. (2014, May 1). Drug Excretion - Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/clinical- pharmacology/pharmacokinetics/drug-excretion Lehne, Richard A. (2013). Pharmacology for nursing care. (8th edition). St. Louis: Saunder. Pharmacokinetics. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://sepia.unil.ch/pharmacology/index.php?id=57
Editor's Notes
- Kidneys perform most of drug excretion. Glomerular filtration moves drugs from the blood into the urine. Lipid-soluble drugs are passively reabsorbed back into the blood. Kidneys also actively transport some drugs into the urine. Some examples of drugs that are excreted in the kidneys include NSAIDs, antihistamines and antibiotics
- As a nurse, it is important to understand renal excretion. If a patient has impaired kidney function, due to age or disease, then drugs will not be excreted or cleared from the body at the same rate as they would in a patient with healthy kidneys. Because the drugs are excreted at a slower rate, this means that they are in the body longer. This leads to an increase in the intensity of the drug and may lead to toxicity. As a result, drug dosage may have to be lowered to prevent harmful effects in the patient.
- The liver also plays an important role in drug excretion. In biliary excretion, drugs are transferred in to the bile through hepatocytes. Drugs in the bile enter the gastrointestinal tract after being stored in the gallbladder. It can then be excreted from the body in the feces. Drugs with a molecular weight greater than 300g/mol and with both polar and lipophilic groups are more likely to be excreted in bile.
- It is important to understand biliary excretion because patients with liver and gallbladder diseases can have problems excreting drugs through the bile. Impaired biliary excretion of drugs can cause an increased risk of toxicity for drugs that are excreted by this route. Additionally, secretion of a drug into the bile may be competitively inhibited by other drugs or endogenous substances. In such conditions, clearance of the drug may be reduced and the dosage must be adapted.