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New cuts of beef – a scientific
  approach to adding value
      Chris R. Calkins, Ph.D.
     Nebraska Beef Industry Professor
            UNL Animal Science
     University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
A Story in Three Parts
• Part 1 – Defining the problem
• Part 2 – Gathering information
• Part 3 – Applying the results
Beef Primals Price Trends
  10%
                                                   26% of
   5%                             LOIN +4%         carcass
                                  RIB +3%            by
                                                   weight
% 0%
C
H -5%
A
N -10%
G
E -15%
 -20%
                                                   69% of
 -25%                             CHUCK -24%       carcass
                                  ROUND -25%         by
 -30%     *1998 vs. 1993 values   TRIMMINGS -28%   weight
          Source: Cattle-Fax
Cheap Chuck Roast
Goals
1.   Add value to the chuck and round

2.   Create a book of knowledge about
     each muscle
Muscle Profiling
144 carcasses x 39 muscles in each =
 5,616 muscles
    3 quality grade classes
    4 yield grade classes
    3 weight classes
Muscle Profiling - Results
                                  Chuck Summary Data
                                                          MyoglobinCollagen Moist,
                               Fat %   pH   WHC   Bind, mL                         Dry, WBS
                                                           mg/g     mg/g    WBS             Shear G = <8.5
Biceps brachii                                                                              Force Y = 8.5-11.0
Brachiocephalicus omot.                                                                     Value R = >11.0
Brachialis
Cutaneous omo brachialis                                                     -----    -----
                                                                                              Fat G = < 5%
Complexus                                                                                         Y = 5-10 %
Deep pectoral                                                                                     R = > 10%
Deltoideus
Dorsalis oblique                                                                              pH G = > 5.8
Infraspinatus                                                                                    Y = 5.8 - 5.7
Intertransversales                                                                               R = < 5.7
Latissmus dorsi
Longissimus cap. et Atlantis
                                                                                              Pressible G = < 36%
Longissimus costarum                                                                          Moisture Y = 36-38%
Longissimus dorsi                                                                             (WHC) R = > 38%
Levatores costarum
Multifidus & spinalis dorsi
                                                                                              Bind G = >175 mL
Rhomboidus                                                                                         Y = 170-175 mL
Scalenius dorsalis                                                                                 R = <170 mL
Serratus ventralis
Splenius
                                                                                              Myoglobin G = >25 mg/g
Superficial pectoral                                                                                    Y = 20-25 mg/g
Subscapularis                                                                                           R = <20 mg/g
Supraspinatus
Tensor fascia antibrachii
Teres major                                                                                   Collagen G = <10 mg/g
                                                                                                       Y = 10-15 mg/g
Trapezius                                                                    -----    -----            R = >15 mg/g
Triceps brachii
Cutting the Shoulder Clod




Ranch     Flat Iron    Petite
Steaks    Steaks      Tenders
Live Animal Price
                 110




                 100




                  90
Price per cwt.




                  80




                  70




                  60




                  50




                             Date
Impact on Price of Live Cattle




  The New Cuts Added $50 to $70 per
        Head for the Live Animal
(@ 26 million / year = $1.3 to $1.7 billion)
Value of Chuck versus Live Animal
                                                   1995 - 1999
                 160.00



                 120.00
Price per cwt.




                  80.00                                                            CHUCK
                                                                                   LIVE



                  40.00



                   0.00
                          1995




                                 1996




                                               1997




                                                                 1998




                                                                            1999
                                                       Date
Values of Chuck versus Live Animal
                                          2005-2008
                 160


                 120                                                             LIVE
Price per cwt.




                                                                                 CHUCK



                  80


                  40


                   0
                       2005




                              2006




                                               2007




                                                                   2008
                                                                          Date
Response to Economic
             Situation
60%




40%




20%


                              Tenderloin
 0%                           Whole Chuck
                              Shoulder Clod


-20%




-40%




-60%
Impact
• Increased the value of the live animal
• Increased (or maintained) consumer demand
• Created new products

• Changed the way beef is cut in the U.S.
• Made it easier for the industry to
  consider/adopt other new cutting suggestions
Muscle Rank Based on Tenderness
Chris R. Calkins, Ph.D.
Nebraska Beef Industry Professor of
          Animal Science

        CCalkins1@unl.edu
          402-472-6314
17   chris calkins

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17 chris calkins

  • 1. New cuts of beef – a scientific approach to adding value Chris R. Calkins, Ph.D. Nebraska Beef Industry Professor UNL Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
  • 2. A Story in Three Parts • Part 1 – Defining the problem • Part 2 – Gathering information • Part 3 – Applying the results
  • 3.
  • 4. Beef Primals Price Trends 10% 26% of 5% LOIN +4% carcass RIB +3% by weight % 0% C H -5% A N -10% G E -15% -20% 69% of -25% CHUCK -24% carcass ROUND -25% by -30% *1998 vs. 1993 values TRIMMINGS -28% weight Source: Cattle-Fax
  • 6. Goals 1. Add value to the chuck and round 2. Create a book of knowledge about each muscle
  • 7. Muscle Profiling 144 carcasses x 39 muscles in each = 5,616 muscles 3 quality grade classes 4 yield grade classes 3 weight classes
  • 8. Muscle Profiling - Results Chuck Summary Data MyoglobinCollagen Moist, Fat % pH WHC Bind, mL Dry, WBS mg/g mg/g WBS Shear G = <8.5 Biceps brachii Force Y = 8.5-11.0 Brachiocephalicus omot. Value R = >11.0 Brachialis Cutaneous omo brachialis ----- ----- Fat G = < 5% Complexus Y = 5-10 % Deep pectoral R = > 10% Deltoideus Dorsalis oblique pH G = > 5.8 Infraspinatus Y = 5.8 - 5.7 Intertransversales R = < 5.7 Latissmus dorsi Longissimus cap. et Atlantis Pressible G = < 36% Longissimus costarum Moisture Y = 36-38% Longissimus dorsi (WHC) R = > 38% Levatores costarum Multifidus & spinalis dorsi Bind G = >175 mL Rhomboidus Y = 170-175 mL Scalenius dorsalis R = <170 mL Serratus ventralis Splenius Myoglobin G = >25 mg/g Superficial pectoral Y = 20-25 mg/g Subscapularis R = <20 mg/g Supraspinatus Tensor fascia antibrachii Teres major Collagen G = <10 mg/g Y = 10-15 mg/g Trapezius ----- ----- R = >15 mg/g Triceps brachii
  • 9.
  • 10. Cutting the Shoulder Clod Ranch Flat Iron Petite Steaks Steaks Tenders
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. Live Animal Price 110 100 90 Price per cwt. 80 70 60 50 Date
  • 23. Impact on Price of Live Cattle The New Cuts Added $50 to $70 per Head for the Live Animal (@ 26 million / year = $1.3 to $1.7 billion)
  • 24. Value of Chuck versus Live Animal 1995 - 1999 160.00 120.00 Price per cwt. 80.00 CHUCK LIVE 40.00 0.00 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Date
  • 25. Values of Chuck versus Live Animal 2005-2008 160 120 LIVE Price per cwt. CHUCK 80 40 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 Date
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. Response to Economic Situation 60% 40% 20% Tenderloin 0% Whole Chuck Shoulder Clod -20% -40% -60%
  • 29. Impact • Increased the value of the live animal • Increased (or maintained) consumer demand • Created new products • Changed the way beef is cut in the U.S. • Made it easier for the industry to consider/adopt other new cutting suggestions
  • 30. Muscle Rank Based on Tenderness
  • 31. Chris R. Calkins, Ph.D. Nebraska Beef Industry Professor of Animal Science CCalkins1@unl.edu 402-472-6314