Effects Of Cognition On Personality Development

Effects Of Cognition On Personality Development
Effects of Cognition on Personality Author's Name: Course Name: Instructor's Name: Date: Positive
and negative effects of cognition on personality development Attributes are not conducted. They are
outline articulations portraying probability of and rates of progress in conduct because of specific
situational signals. Notwithstanding their relationship to the likelihood and idleness of reaction,
stable inclinations may be conceptualized as far as differential sensitivities to circumstances and
differential reaction predispositions. Interceding among characteristics, circumstances, and reactions
are passing full of feeling and subjective states. (Dweck & Leggett, 1988). Human sentiments and
feelings have since a long time ago involved the considerations of researchers and rationalists alike.
A few intellectual and non–psychological hypotheses of feelings have been proposed. Among the
intellectual hypotheses, examination speculations hypothesize that feelings are brought on (evoked)
by evaluations, i.e., subjective assessments of happening occasions. For example, the last
acknowledgment of an article in a diary could offer ascent to a few feelings in the writer including
bliss, pride, alleviation, or substance. The exact feeling, on the other hand,
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Reflection On Group Discussion During Micro Teaching Session
Appendix 2 – Reflection on Group Discussion during Micro Teaching Session
Reflection
I wished to simply try Brookfield and Preskill's concepts of group discussion, to see what I could
tease out from 10 minute Micro Teaching Session about 'Communicating with people with Autism
Spectrum Conditions'. It was a task which had limitations but also great results as it led to me to
distinctly recognise what actions I needed to take when I embark on the next opportunity to use
discussion in a classroom. It was the ultimate learning curve in the research as I returned to make
changes to the poster and essay having completed the sampling of discussion. Most significantly, I
began to appreciate the role of Brookfield's Democratic Dispositions in holding discussion groups.
This process is a true reflection of Einstein's belief that 'in theory, theory and practice are the same.
In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I remember being consciously aware of one disposition; appreciation. This was when the class first
started talking and participating. After that I went into overdrive and guided the discussion along,
the very thing I had wished not to do. Initially disappointed, I had not looked carefully enough at my
practice, I thought I had abandoned the nine dispositions, but later I began to note that other
dispositions were in fact in play. I was simply not paying attention, being mindful. I had externalised
the demonstration of the dispositions as if they going to be flagged by my conscience and lost the
awareness of how I had in fact demonstrated autonomy, humility and hopefulness through my
actions. Dispositions that were less prevalent were the ones that would help me slow down, talk less
and infuse synthesis into the lesson. Deliberation, mutuality and mindfulness are the habits in which
I will pay more heed to the next time I use

Essay about Cbt Case Conceptualization and Treatment
CBT Case Conceptualization and Treatment
Case Conceptualization
The basic premises of all CBT models are that cognition, emotion and behavior are reciprocally
related; that perceiving and experiencing are active processes that involve both experiencing the
world as it is (sensory input, essentially) and interpreting the world (meaning–making); that
meaning–making is related to prior learning – often social learning; that a person can learn to
become aware of the interaction of cognition, emotion, and behavior; and that altering the ones that
may be more directly under our control or influence – cognition and behavior – will impact the
person's responses on all levels. Further, CBT models uniformly ... Show more content on
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o These experiences include cultural and sub–cultural, familial, gender, peer–group, and religious
learning experiences that are common to subgroups to which the client belongs, as well as
individually–experienced observational learning. the person's history of stimulus–response learning
via operant conditioning; their role in their family – perhaps related to their birth order (Adler); the
way their history has been "storied" within the family; their history of success and failure
experiences; their medical history; what they read and how it influences them; the historical events
of the time and the person's experience of those; and so forth. Another area of "antecedent
conditions" includes the inherited characteristics of the person, including intelligence,

Adhd ' T Score On Hyperactivity
There was one category that Daireus rated himself in the Clinically Significant range. Daireus ' T
score on Hyperactivity is 70. This indicates that he feels that he frequently engaging in restless and
disruptive behaviors. There were six categories that he rated himself in the At–Risk category. He
rated himself At–Risk in Atypicality, Anxiety, Depression, Attention Problems, Hyperactivity, and
Self–Reliance. Daireus ' T score on Atypicality is 63. An At–Risk score in this area suggests that
occasionally having unusual thoughts and perceptions. Daireus ' T score on Social Stress is 64An
At–Risk self–rating in this areas indicates Daireus feels that he has some difficulty with establishing
and maintaining close relationships with others, and reports sometimes being isolated and lonely.
Daireus ' T score on Anxiety is 64. This indicates suggests that he may substantial worrying,
nervousness, and/or an inability to relax. DAIREUS 's T score on Attention Problems is 64. Daireus
reports having some difficulty maintaining necessary levels of attention. The final area of At–Risk
rating was in Self–Reliance. Daireus ' T score on Self–Reliance is 30. This score indicates that
Daireus' feels he has a low confidence level in his ability to make decisions, solve problems, and/or
be dependable, when compared to others his age. There were six Critical Items that were indicated
on his Self–Report: Sometimes I want to hurt myself. True Other kids hate to be with me.
Sometimes I

The Role of Emotional Regulation in Addressing Bullying...
This essay focuses specifically on the role that emotional regulation plays in managing maladaptive
reactions by children towards their peers and others. In the 'Anti–bullying Plan for Schools',
produced by the NSW Department of Education and Training (NSW DET, 2007), bullying is defined
as, "intentional, repeated behaviour by an individual or group of individuals that causes distress, hurt
or undue pressure" (p. 6). The victims of bullying are the recipients of this repeated behaviour. In a
report on 'Emotions in Social Information Processing and Their Relations with Reactive and
Proactive Aggression in Referred Aggressive Boys', Orobio de Castro, Merk, Koops, Veerman and
Bosch (2005) define emotion regulation as, "...attempts to control, ... Show more content on
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If children continue to live in a hostile or violent environment, the maladaptive behaviour they are
presenting may be, as Shields and Cicchetti (2001) argue, regarded as a survival mechanism. This
pattern will be hard to break, and more adaptive behaviour will be hard to justify in the minds of
children, if they continue to live with a constant threat. If no external parental or communal
maltreatment is identified, then children need to learn to develop skills and find more adaptive ways
of dealing with problems that arise in interactions with others. Without resolving any existing
external contributing factors to the development of the child's maladaptive emotional regulation,
efforts to implement more adaptive strategies may be in vain as they will not make sense in the
reality that the child lives with everyday.
A lack of parental or caregiver information on how to effectively inform, advise and support their
child may contribute to the child's development of ineffective problem–solving strategies. When
bullying occurs, often parents or caregivers of both the bullying and victimized children, have little
information on how to effectively deal with the situation and advise their children of more
appropriate responses to the problems they are facing. In addition, open communication between
parents or caregivers and their children may not always be at an optimal

Adaptive Behavior Essay
Adaptive behaviour has been an integral although sometimes unstated, part of the long history of
mental retardation and its definition. In the 19th century, mental retardation was recognized
principally in terms of a number of factors that included awareness and understanding of
surroundings, ability to engage in regular economic and social life, dependence on others, the ability
to maintain one's basic health and safety, and individual responsibility (Brockley, 1999).
The assessment of adaptive behaviour became a formal part of the diagnostic nomenclature for
mental retardation with the publication of the 1959 manual of the American Association of Mental
Deficiency (Heber, 1959, distributed in 1961). The 1961 manual (Heber, 1961) discussed adaptive
behaviour with respect to maturation, learning, and social adjustment. This framework, reiterated in
1983, described adaptive behaviour limitations consisting of "significant limitations in an
individual's effectiveness in meeting the standards of maturation, learning, personal independence,
or social maturity that are expected for his or her age level and cultural group, as determined by
clinical assessment and, usually, standardized scales" (Grossman, 1983).
The 1983 manual characterized the tasks or activities encompassed by adaptive behavior (and, social
competence) as:
In infancy and early childhood: sensorimotor development, communication skills, self–help skills,
socialization, and interaction with others;
In

Business Case for Investment Essay
Business Case for Investment Business Case for Investment Learning Team A has been assigned to
put together research, facts, and supporting documentation for how an organization should consider,
plan for, and implement new technology within the business. The paper will examine different
technologies that are available to existing businesses and whether it is worth the effort, time,
planning, training, and mostly importantly cost, for the organization to implement any of these new
technologies. The assignment will consists of four major parts; prototyping environments and
processes, testing design to include procedures and standards, sources of accessibility, and
integration. A business case for investment will be made in favor ... Show more content on
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The pre–processing module consists of geometrical properties and from there move on to computer–
aided drafting, or CAD repair, boundary, or physical property. If CAD repair is needed, then mesh is
the next step followed by domain. The computing module consists of numerical values which then
lead to solid mechanics, CFD module, or other domain solvers. The post–processing module
consists of visualization, data analysis, and performance analysis. Last, platform control consists of
PC's or workstations, SMP and MPP, cluster computers, and grids. All of this information is
gathered from the user's perspective (Zheng, Xie, Zou, Chen, & Zhang, 2010). HEDP is a great asset
to help reduce the confusion and complexity of design, through utilization of 3D virtual prototypes,
all while making the most of and distinguishing between the designs through large–scale
multifaceted simulations. This is a crucial element to have, as this type of prototyping can have the
ability to avoid the production of expensive physical prototypes (Zheng, Xie, Zou, Chen, & Zhang,
2010). Testing Design to Include Procedures and Standards A business case is a document prepared
when stating to undertake a project in an organization. This document is prepared for the purpose of
ensuring that resources and efforts used support a specific project to meet the organizational need.
An organization for example can prepare a business case in technology

The Importance Of Communication In The English Language
Today, texting and social media are constantly used by millions of individuals. These avenues for
communication allow for constant connection available anywhere in the world. With this
convenience and increased conversation, the English language has evolved tremendously. Users are
accustomed to utilizing slang words and shortcuts to get their point across. In addition, autocorrect
or spell check are not always on or available, so simple grammar mistakes can go unnoticed. These
factors promote informal articulation and have led to the devaluation of formal speech. With
technology continuing to progress and social media's growing presence, the future of formal
grammar in the English language is unclear despite its lasting importance today.
Although advances in technology have many benefits regarding human interaction, grammar skills
are still valued in society. For example, In Ontario at Waterloo University, all students are required
to take a grammar test and receive a passing grade upon admission. A stunning thirty percent of
students, on average, do not pass this basic grammar test. This number has increased from twenty
five percent in just a few years. English professor Paul Budra voiced his concern about the topic,
saying "the words 'a lot' have become one word, for everyone, as far as I can tell. 'Definitely' is
always spelled with an 'a' – 'definately'. I don't know why" ("Texting"). The reason for this poor
grammar is clearly texting and social media. The number of social media users has grown
considerably, mostly consisting of teenagers and young adults. This is significant because as these
young people get adapted to constant informal communication, in this case, their college education
could be on the line. This proves the importance of proper grammar and the fact that texting and
social media could hurt an individual's future.
Outside of the academic setting, Kyle Wiens, the CEO of iFixit, also feels the need for the priority
of correct grammar. Wiens gives every person who applies for a position a mandatory grammar test.
He goes by a "zero tolerance" rule, where if one mistake is made, the person does not get called
back for a follow–up interview. He understands this policy may seem harsh in some

The Concept of Intelligence Essay
The Concept of Intelligence
ABSTRACT: Gilbert Ryle's dispositional analysis of the concept of intelligence makes the error of
assimilating intelligence to the category of dispositional or semi–dispositional concepts. Far from
being a dispositional concept, intelligence is an episodic concept that refers neither to dispositions
nor to 'knowing how,' but to a fashion or style of proceeding whose significance is adverbial. Being
derivative from the function of the adverb 'intelligently,' the concept of intelligence does not have
essential reference to specific verbs but rather to the manner or style of proceeding of nearly any
verb that is descriptive of the proceedings of an agent. Intelligence– words are expressive of a
manner of doing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The dualist's reaction was to withdraw from the dispositional analysis and to claim that "
intelligence " can only make sense when it is ultimately linked to an alternative concept which
presumably has reference to a "process" (the existence of which may be ascertained by a subjective
avowal: intent, deliberation, reflective choice, etc.).
Whether this maneuver avoids the Rylean critique is subject to serious doubt. Each new term may
itself have a problem concerning the "metaphysical" status of its referent: whether it is a physical or
a "spiritual" process.
Another problem with this approach is that it often makes the concept of intelligence dependent on
factors that may have no more than a casual relation to its meaning: a contextual connection, for
example.
While a dispositional analysis of intelligence would effectively rescue it from entrapment inside "the
ghost in the machine" it would fail to do the concept the justice that the dualist seeks for it, and that
is to make the observation that it appears to be more an episodic than a dispositional concept.
It is in this connection that some philosophers take a critical view of Ryle's analysis. Peter Thomas
Geach, for instance, claims that reports of mental acts are categorical and are not hypothetical or
semi–hypothetical statements about overt behavior. He believes the dispositional account of
psychological concepts to be on a level with the statement that opium puts people to sleep

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Noc
ABSTRACT
Network on chip (NoC) is the most reasonable and efficient solution for connecting the numerous
cores in a System–on–Chip(SoC). In conventional NoC architectures neighboring routers are
connected via hard–wired unidirectional communication channels. Due to the uneven and
unpredictable nature of traffic patterns in NoC, one channel might be overflowed due to heavy
traffic in one direction where as the other unidirectional channel is idle, thus causing performance
degradation, data loss and incompetent resource utilization. So as a cure for this problem, a
bidirectional NoC (BiNoC) is used, which uses bidirectional channels to connect neighboring
routers and it also supports runtime recomputation of channel direction according ... Show more
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They have 3 types of architectures:
1–port : It consists of one ejection and one injection channel,
K–port : It has k ejection and k injection channels,
All–port : Here, number of external output channels equals the number of injection channels and
number of external input channels equals the number of ejection channels. Figure 3: Architecture of
Single–Port Router With Both Input & Output Buffering
Channel:
It comprises of communication medium, link controllers, and buffers.
Buffer:
FIFO(First In First Out) memory buffer for temporarily storing one or several units of
communication in transit. They are required for storing transferred data until the next channel is
reserved and is in a position tosurpass them. A router can implement:
Input and output buffering: Here, every output and input external channel is associated with a single
buffer.
Input buffering: Here, buffers are connected only to input external channels.
Output buffering: Here, buffers are connected only to output external channels.
2.2 COMMUNICATION UNITS
Message:
It is the communication unit from a programmer's point of view.

Macrophage Pathogen
The success of a pathogen is not to kill its host but to infect the host in a way that it helps to transfer
and hence propel the pathogen further. The host has its own mechanisms to contain the infection,
like low pH (acidic pH in the phagolysosomes is crucial for the hydrolytic activity of the enzymes),
temperature (fever is a common symptom due to a lot of infections), and inflammation. All this is
well mediated by the host immune system.
As Mtb is inhaled by a healthy individual, it is phagocytosed by the macrophages and dendritic cells
in the lung alveoli. Macrophages, a part of the innate immunity, play a major role in killing and
containing Mtb. Of the many bacteria inhaled, macrophages are able to kill some, while the others
replicate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A pro–inflammatory response triggered by infected macrophages causes recruitment of the
mononuclear cells at the site of infection. The T–cells interact with the macrophages and activate
them by releasing the cytokine, IFN–. Activated macrophages are more efficient at killing Mtb. At
this stage of infection, antigen presentation also activates B–cells which produce antibodies against
Mtb. A consolidated mass of infected host cells and immune cells forms a granuloma. The
granuloma consists of infected macrophages, foamy macrophages that contain stored oil droplets
which serve as the bacterial nutrition, T–cells, B–cells in the earlier stages. When the bacillary load
becomes static, the infection is said to be "latent". Early stages of granuloma formation also
witnesses vascularisation and supply of blood through newly developed blood capillaries. The
granuloma is lined by epithelial cells and fibrous tissue in the later stages. The core of the
granuloma is hypoxic (Vandiviere et al., 1956; Via et al., 2008). Granulomas can be resolved due to
the action of immune system. With suppression of the immune system due to ageing, HIV infection
or malnutrition, the containment of the bacteria

Biopsychosocial Framework For Occupational Therapy Essay
LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENTAL FRAME OF REFERENCEA biopsychosocial framework for
Occupational Therapyassessment and intervention where adult development isconceived as
following a predictable, sequential pattern ofage–related stages or phases. Theoretical
AssumptionsHuman development occurs in an orderly fashion throughout the cycleSteps within the
developmental process are sequential and none can be skipped. As a person proceeds through the
life cycle, he encounters life events and changing internal and external conditions that necessitate
reappraisal and change. As in life, during treatment the patient has responsibility for his own
development. FunctionAbility of the person to respond to external expectations as well as ones own
feelings in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Role of OTAssesor Environmental ManagerExpert Consultant, Educator &
AdvocateEvaluationIdentification of persons level of cognitive function throughInterviews, medical
chart review & Assessment Tools (Allen Cognitive Level Test, Lower Cognitive Level Test, Routine
Task Inventory & Work Performance Inventory). TreatmentManagement & MaintenanceTask
AnalysisEnvironmental CompensationBEHAVIORAL FRAME OF REFERENCEBuilt on
principles of cognitive, social & conditionallearning

fear of feedback Essay
Fear of Feedback by Jay M. Jackman and Myra H. Strober Reprint r0304h April 2003 HBR Case
Study Keeping to the Fairway r0304a Thomas J. Waite First Person Leading for Value r0304b Brian
Pitman Luxury for the Masses r0304c Michael J. Silverstein and Neil Fiske Tipping Point
Leadership r0304d W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne R&D Comes to Services: Bank of
America's Pathbreaking Experiments r0304e Stefan Thomke HBR Interview Psychologist Karl E.
Weick: Sense and Reliability r0304f Diane L. Coutu The 2003 HBR List: Breakthrough Ideas for
Tomorrow's Business Agenda Best Practice Fear of Feedback r0304g r0304h Jay M. Jackman and
Myra H. Strober Tool Kit Preparing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consider how Joe, a highly accomplished computer scientist in a large technology company,
responded to his frustration over not being promoted. (As with all the examples in this article,
people's names have been changed.) Although everyone in the company respected his technical
competence, he sensed something was wrong. Instead of seriously assessing his performance and
asking for feedback, he became preoccupied with inessential details of his projects, played computer
solitaire, and consistently failed to meet project deadlines. When Joe asked about his chances for
advancement in his annual review, his boss singled out Joe's repeated failure to finish projects on
time or to seek formal extensions when he knew work would be late. In fact, Joe's continued
procrastination became a serious performance issue that cost him a promotion. Denial. We're in
denial when we're unable or unwilling to face reality or fail to acknowledge the implications of our
situations. Denial is most often an unconscious response. Angela, a midlevel manager in a
consulting firm, drifted into a state of denial when a hoped–for promotion never materialized. Her
superiors told her that she hadn't performed as well as they'd expected. Specifically, they told her
she'd requested too much time off to Adapting to feedback is critical for managers who find
themselves in jobs, companies, and industries undergoing frequent transitions. spend with her
children,

The Quick Reference Guide Biblical Counseling : Personal...
Overview of Perfectionism In the book, The Quick–Reference Guide to Biblical Counseling:
Personal and Emotional Issues, by Clinton and Hawkins in 2009, it states that perfectionism is "a
disposition to feel that anything less than perfect is unacceptable. Perfectionism is rooted in the need
for control and affirmation." From youth to adulthood we can see that numerous people in our
society struggle with being a perfectionist. There are two different types of perfectionists, which
include Type A people and Type B people (Clinton, 2009). A person who is type A is usually strict
and rigid with their time and tasks. Type A people are usually the ones who were given conditional
love in the past and only received acceptance and love after meeting a certain standard, hence the
pressure of performing (Clinton, 2009). A person who is Type B is usually more carefree when it
comes to time and tasks and usually cope better with daily stresses than the Type A person (Clinton,
2009). This paper will examine the history of perfectionism, biblical insights regarding
perfectionism, potential interventions, and resources and referrals. Overall, we will come to an
understanding of how perfectionism looks in our society today and understand the pros and cons of
being a perfectionist.
History of Perfectionism Perfectionism has had a history of being linked to issues such as self–
criticism, chronic depression, procrastination, obsessive–compulsive disorder, anxiety, and much
more. Although not

Design Theory And The General Systems Theory
Introduction
The uses of conceptual models are essential to help guide the nursing process. There are many
different types of conceptual models and among these models there is the Roy Adaption model that
was created by Sister Callista Roy. According to McEwen, "like many models/theories in this unit, it
is a deductive theory based on nursing practice" (p. 177, 2014). Throughout this paper, we will be
explaining, discussing and analyzing this specific model by the use of a clinical situation.
Presentation of the conceptual model The Roy adaption model was influenced by Helson's Adaption
Theory and the General Systems Theory, which was developed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy in 1968
(Pepin, Kerouac & Ducharme, 2010). Each and every theory has a basic philosophy as to where it
stems from and the Roy model stems from the concepts of humanism and veritivity. The principle of
humanism describes that every individual's human experiences affects their knowledge and values in
the world. The principal of veritivity was created by Roy and is defined as, "a principal of human
nature that affirms a common purposefulness of human existence" (Roy & Andrews, 2008, p. 27).
Roy has four basic components of adaption. The first component is physiological and as for the
other three, they are considered psychosocial. Each component can be evaluated as being either
adaptive, which is considered positive, or ineffective, which is considered negative (Roy &
Andrews, 2008). To decide whether a

The Design Model Developed By Sister Callista Roy
In the clinical setting, nurses must evaluate their patients in order to better understand their needs.
Multiple conceptual models exist in order to guide the evaluation process as well as to enhance the
nurses' scope of practice. The focus of this paper will be based on the Roy Adaptation Model
developed by Sister Callista Roy, in which the model will be explained, analyzed and discussed
through a clinical situation. Presentation of the conceptual model Sister Callista Roy established her
first publication of the Roy Adaptation model in 1970 defining nursing as "enhancing life processes
to promote adaptation" (Roy, 2009, p.28). Many theorists, such as Helson and von Bertalanffy,
inspired the creation of her own model (McEwen & Wills, 2011). The two core principles that make
up this model are humanism and veritivity (Pepin, Kerouac & Ducharme, 2010). Humanism
describes the importance of the subjective dimensions of a person while the term veritivity, created
by Roy, is "the principle of human nature that affirms a common purposefulness of human
existence" (Roy, 2009, p.28). Consequently, the Roy adaptation model emphasizes the need to adapt.
It assesses the interaction and effect the environment may be having on the patient while undergoing
the disease process or experience. Thus, the environment and the patient's health are
interchangeable. The modes of adaptation consist of the physiological mode as well as three
psychosocial modes, which are broken down into

Diagnostic Criteria For ASD
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is characterised by
impairments in social communication, repetitive or stereotypical behaviours, and limited range of
interests (Anagnoustou et al. 2014). These symptoms are often evident from early childhood and
vary between individuals in their severity and influence on everyday functioning. This continuum of
symptoms of ASD is reflected in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (DSM–5), a revision from previous diagnostic criteria in the DSM–IV, which
identified four separate disorders in association with autism–related symptoms (DSM5, 2013).
Another important aspect of the new DSM–5 diagnostic criteria for ASD is the condition ... Show
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Evidently, there is a scarcity in the availability of ASD–specialised intervention programs
specifically for infants and toddlers younger than two years. One such proposed intervention
currently in progress is the Early Start Denver Model (Dawson & Rogers, 2008) that aims to address
the distinctive requirements of children with ASD from as early as 12 months. The program utilises
a combination of an ABA approach along with a developmental and relationship based approach that
is then delivered in the child's natural environment. A recent randomised controlled trial of the Early
Start Denver Model in a sample of 48 children aged 18–30 months in age revealed that children
showed improvements in IQ and adaptive skills (Brookman–Frazee, 2010). However, as the
program is relatively new further research is required to fully infer efficacy of the program in infants
and

Effects Of Pivotal Response Treatment On Language Expansion
Effects of pivotal response treatment on language expansion in children with autism Stock, Mirenda,
and Smith (2013) compared the effectiveness of private group applied behavior analysis (GABA)
and pivotal response treatment (PRT) on several domains of development in children with autism
spectrum disorder. Progress and effectiveness of treatment was assessed through several measures,
such as the Preschool Language Scale, the Merill–Palmer–Revised Scales, the Vineland Adaptive
Behavior Scales, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form. In the
GABA group, intervention was individualized based on strengths and weaknesses of each child, and
structured 1:1 discrete trial training as well as generalized 1:2 teaching was implemented. Target
programs included imitation, manding, receptive language, object matching, adaptive skills, and
social skills training. Intervention took place both in intensive teaching and natural teaching
environments in a preschool–like setting. Generalized ABA teaching included two children to one
therapist, and the children worked on social skills. In the PRT group, individualized intervention
goals focused on functional communication skills, developmentally appropriate social and play
skills, as well as adaptive skills. A major difference between the two groups was that parents were
included in an active therapist role throughout intervention, and therapeutic sessions were conducted
in the home and community.

Correlation Between Prosocial Behaviors And Prosocial...
Sample Article Review and Analysis
Name
University of North Texas Eisenberg, N., Guthrie, I.K., Murphy, B.C., Shepard, S.A., Cumberland,
A., & Carlo, G. (1999). Consistency and development of prosocial dispositions: A longitudinal
study. Child Development, 70(6), 1360–1372.
Purpose and Hypotheses of the Study The study by Eisenberg, Guthrie, Murphy, Shepard,
Cumberland, and Carlo (1999) had two purposes. One was to examine the predictive relationship
between prosocial behavior that is less likely to be motivated by other–oriented concern and general
prosocial behavior and attitudes as well as empathy–related responding across a period of 19 years.
A second purpose of this study was to examine whether sympathetic responding mediated the
relationship between early prosocial behaviors and prosocial behaviors at a later age. Spontaneous
sharing behaviors of young children were expected to be more predictive of prosocial behaviors and
empathy–related responding at later ages than compliant sharing, helping, or spontaneous helping.
Sample
Participants included 16 males and 16 females (30 Caucasian, 2 of Hispanic origin) interviewed 11
times across the period from 4 to 24 years of age. Parents ' level of education averaged 16.0 years
for the mother and 17.0 years for the father. By the time the participants had reached age 23–24, 2
had earned junior college degrees, 14 had earned a college degree, 4 were in graduate school, 1 had
completed some college hours, 10 were

Treatment Focus: Case Study
Treatment Focus
The treatment focus in the above session transcript was to identify maladaptive behaviors and
cognitions in the family members to then create a new adaptive belief system. Both, mother and
daughter have engaged in maladaptive thoughts that lead them to distance from each other
emotionally, and create conflict. The mother and the daughter expressed feeling misunderstood and
unsupported by the other family members. By analyzing maladaptive cognitive cycles in the family
system, this therapist was able to facilitate the incorporation of a more functional cycle in the family
system.
Interventions Used The key interventions used were identifying thoughts (Brooks–Harris, 2008, p.
112), modifying beliefs (Brooks–Harris, 2008, p. 127), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
130). The intervention was used properly, in my opinion. However, at this time I cannot state that
the predicted outcome occurred because the reinforcement of adaptive cognitions occurred about a
plan that the family has for after session. I need to check–in with the family next time to assess if the
reinforcement of their adaptive cognitions helped to strength those cognitions. I predict that the
predicted outcome occurred as demonstrated in the family coming to specific terms about their plan
to go

Meta-Theoretical Lens
What really Makes a Difference to Client Outcomes and Meta–Theoretical Lenses
Dear Past Murray, this is your present–day self. I am writing this letter to help guide you in your
journey through the Masters of Counselling graduate program. You are going to experience a
fundamental shift in your perspectives on human nature and the nature of change. Currently, your
point of view and insights are limited to a behaviorist context (Skinner, 2012) and to a behavior
analysis approach (Fee, A., Schrieber, E, Nobel, N. Valdovinos, M, 2016). This has served you well
in your work with youth and young adults with challenging behaviors. However, as you start this
journey you have started to ask yourself what theory to follow. The answer to this question will be
found when you take a step back from the various models of counselling to look at what really
makes a difference to client outcomes and to develop a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This right or wrong perception will be replaced with a generally positive view of human nature. You
will adopt a strength based view of human nature. You will come to realize that people have the
necessary skills to act as their own source of change. What this means is that you will have adopted
a postmodern point of view of human nature.
This new outlook will also alter your views on the nature of change. I wrote earlier that your current
view of change is that an expert facilitates the change in client functioning. What you will come to
realize is that the client himself or herself is the expert. The client knows himself or herself the best
and it's that person's perception of reality that holds truth for that person. I realize this is a radical
shift from your current perspective. Do not fear, your new understanding will develop as you move
through the course modules.
Murray's New Meta–Theoretical

• Explain The Processes Of Immunity, Immunisation And...
In this essay I will explain the processes of immunity, immunisation and the resulted antibody
formation due to natural and artificial exposure to antigens.
Immunity is the body's ability to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific
antibodies or sensitized white blood cells. Immunization is the process that makes one immune to
infection, typically by inoculation/vaccination.
The body's first line of defence to prevent pathogens and harmful microorganisms from entering and
causing disease and infection, is the skin, chemicals in tears and sweat and stomach acid. Pathogens
sometimes overcome these first line defences and their responses, what happens next?
The body's immune system is the next specific response to pathogens being detected in the body.
The response includes B and T Lymphocytes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Acquired immunity is a type of immunity that develops when the body is exposed to various
antigens. "It is not inherited and is classed as a learnt process." (Delves, 2015)
With the ability to learn, adapt and remember, acquired immunity develops a memory for antigens
entering the body, making them able to learn the best way to attack each antigen and develop new
memory. Its development takes time after the initial exposure, but post exposure, the antigen is
remembered and responses are adequate enough too rapidly dead with the antigen. Lymphocytes (T
and B cells) mentioned previously are responsible for the process of acquired immunity, and begins
with the response of the antigen allowing antibodies to be produced by B cells, initiating the
acquired immune response. There are other components present in this process such as "Dendritic
cells", which break down the antigen so T cells can recognize them more effectively. Also Cytokines
which are messengers of the immune system are released when an antigen is

The Innate Immune System Analysis
The immune system is comprised of the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system.
When pathogens invade the body passing through one of the body's natural defenses such as the
surface barrier, the skin, the innate immune system goes on the defensive. The innate immune
system responds near the pathogens point of entry. The innate immune system initial response is
inflammation, "caused by the release of chemicals from damaged cells (Pinel, 2014). Cytokines are
proteins released by cells to assist in regulating the response to pathogens. "Cytokines attract white
blood cells, leukocytes, and other cells that fight pathogens, known as phagocytes" (Pinel, 2014). It
is theorized that phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes destroy pathogens, is one of the first
immune reactions to have evolved to known vertebrates and invertebrates (Pinel, 2014).
The adaptive immune system consists of primary cells known as lymphocytes, which are specialized
white blood cells manufactured in both bone marrow and the thymus gland. The lymphatic system is
the storage unit of the lymphocytes until they are needed to fight pathogens. The major classes of
lymphocytes, B cells and T cells manage antibody–mediated immunity and cell–mediate immunity,
respectively. T cells respond to antigens on a cells' membrane binding to infected macrophage
triggering several reactions simultaneously. Including, the reproduction of more T cells with the
specific receptor necessary to destroy the pathogens (Pinel, 2014).
The second part of the immune system is the adaptive immune system, occurring when B cells
attaches to an antigen when it has an appropriate receptor to fight the antigen. B cells replicate to
manufacture antibodies. "The antibodies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ananya Mandal, M. (2013, December 3). What are Cytokines? Retrieved December 1, 2015, from
msimmunology: http://www.news–medical.net/health/What–are–Cytokines.aspx
Pinel, J. P. (2014). Biopsychology (9th ed.). New York:

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Adaptive Histogram...
2.1.6 Histogram Equalization
The luminance histogram of a exemplary natural scene that has been linearly quantized is commonly
highly skewed toward the darker levels; a majority of the pixels possess a luminance lower than the
average. In similar images, detail in the darker regions is often not visible. One means of enhancing
these types of images is a method called histogram modification, in which the original image is
rescaled so that the histogram of the intensified image follows some desired form [6]. This method
also assumes the detail carried by an image is related to the possibility of occurrence of each gray
level. To maximize the detail, the transformation should redistribute the possibilities of occurrence
of the gray level to make it identical. In this way, the contrast at every gray level is proportional to
the altitude of the image histogram [7]. Several modifications of histogram equalization are also
available which expansion its potential of contrast enhancement. Adaptive histogram equalization
(AHE) [8] and Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) [9] belong to that
classification which apply histogram ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is also as preparation of the next step where the histogram will be divided into two regions
based on its average value. The stretched–histogram will provide a better pixel distribution of the
image channels and thus gives a more accurate average value of the channel which represents the
average value of the channel for the whole dynamic range. The equation (6) is used to stretch the
histogram of respective color channel to the whole dynamic range. Pin and Pout are the input and
output pixels, respectively, and imin, imax, omin, and omax are the minimum and maximum
intensity level values for the input and output images,

Essential Lymphoid Disease
The lymphoid tissues and organs are the basis of our immune system that helps us fight infections
and is our body's defense against disease. Essential lymphoid organs are the lymph nodes. The
lymph nodes are along the lymphatic vessels located throughout the body in clusters, especially in
the armpit, neck, chest, abdomen and groin areas and are sources of immune cells that help fight
disease and infection (2015). Our body contains about 500–600 relatively small lymph nodes. The
lymph nodes are encased by a fibrous capsule, which surrounds the cortex and medulla. The outer
layer of the cortex is packed with B cells that assist with humoral immunity. The inner layer
contains T cells that play a role in cell–mediated immunity and are also known

An Evaluation Of Lms Based Adaptive Filtering
ABSTRACT Current Method of speech enhancement has been developed with adaptive filtering
approach. The removal of unwanted signal i.e. noise from speech signals have applications ranging
from cellular communications to front ends for speech recognition system. This paper describes
proficient algorithm for removal of noise from speech. An optimal evaluation of LMS based
adaptive filtering has been implemented for the observed noisy speech. This Algorithm is basic
adaptive algorithm. This Adaptive algorithm has been used in many practical applications as a result
of its robustness and simplicity. In Future Enhancement Unbiased and Normalized Adaptive noise
reduction will use for speech improvement. Keywords – Adaptive filtering, LMS algorithm, MSE,
Speech Enhancement, UNANR. I. INTRODUCTION In Practical situations speech signals are
corrupted by several different forms of noise such as speaker sound, background noise like door
slam fan running in background, car noise, TV noise and also they are concern to distortion caused
by communication channels; examples are low–quality microphone, room reverberation, etc. In all
such situations extraction of high resolution signals is an important task. Filtering techniques are
mainly classified as adaptive and non adaptive filtering techniques. Speech enhancement improves
quality of signal by suppression of noise and reduction of distortion. The speech enhancement tells
about the growth of communication system. Enhancement means

Columbia High School Classroom Observation
Observations at Columbia High School were collected in the Student Services department for 9th
and 10th graders in the Huntsville City Schools (HCS) district. Students enrolled in this self–
contained, special needs unit are supported by a curriculum design with prevocational transition
targets. These exceptional learners work toward benchmark academic, behavioral, and vocational
skills development.
HCS (2016) practices a district–wide, all–digital learning environment with a 1:1 student technology
ratio. District digital textbooks, lesson practice, and benchmark testing are all digital. Students have
access to school supplied laptops, desktops, or iPads with school–based wi–fi access. The Huntsville
City Board of Education supports digital ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to assessment data, K and pre–K curriculum modules are appropriate for JA. During the
short period allotted for his course work, JA exhibited a surprising grasp on basic math skills. He
can successfully complete double–digit addition and subtraction without a calculator, followed a
four–part pattern, and showed a firm grasp of values using manipulatives. JA can count money give
to him, but cannot select change to make a specified amount. During free time, JA casually flipped
through sports magazines. Listening to a story, JA can correctly recall the order of events. However,
he could not complete a worksheet which required independent reading. JA seems to be an audio
and kinesthetic learner. He does well with spoken instructions and using manipulatives.
Additionally, he is athletic and enjoys the movement associated with his vocational

Indirect Functional Assessment
II. BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION
Setting One: Home
First Meeting: Indirect Functional Assessment
The B A.T. clinical team met Oscar's mother, Mariciela, his sister Giselle on August 8, 2016. Giselle
acted as translator for her mother. On this date the B.A.T. team conducted an indirect functional
assessment, which consisted of a parent interview and review of ABA services in relation to Oscar.
The clinical team gathered information regarding Oscar's history (as outlined in the above section)
and inquired about the challenges they encounter, including any behaviors that are of concern.
Oscar's mother reported an overall concern with Oscar's development. She indicated concerns with
his daily independent/adaptive skills, including toileting, and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
clinical team greeted Oscar and his mother at the door. His mother directed the team and Oscar to
the family room. The clinical team engaged Oscar with a puzzle and a rubix cube. Oscar put the
puzzle pieces in his mouth and the clinical team blocked and redirected him, mom added that Oscar
mouths small objects. The clinical team probed various skills with Oscar. Based on direct
observation Oscar displays difficulty with one–step instructions (i.e. "Give me." (2x), "Stand up,"
(2x) and "Come here"); on four out of five of the one–step instructions he required one to two
prompts. Oscar did comply with "Come here." Ms. Moran reports that when Oscar is hungry he will
pull her arm and guide her to the stove. Oscar was also observed to not turn his head to sound and
look when his name was called. Oscar did not look when his mother or the clinical team called him.
Oscar was not able to imitate simple sounds such as "Ma" "Ba", and "Da." Oscar was observed to
not know his body parts, such as nose, eyes, and head, each time he needed physical prompting.
Finally, Mom reports that Oscar understands simple functions such as a bathroom is for toileting &
bathing; the table is for eating; and the TV is for

Hypothesis Of Anti Dsg1 And Anti-Dibins
'Multiple hits' hypotheses
Recent evidence has indicated that besides anti–Dsg1 and anti–Dsg3 antibodies, patients develop
antibodies against additional desmosomal (i.e. desmocollins, plakins) and nondesmosomal proteins,
such as cell–membrane receptors (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, pemphaxin, thyroperoxidase and
some other annexins). Volker et al. pointed out that desmocollin 3 is expressed throughout the basal,
spinous and lower granular layer. Blocking of Dsg3 function with a monoclonal antibody led to the
formation of intraepidermal blisters. Nondesmosomal autoantigens such as pemphaxin and 9–
acetylcholine receptor, also provide relative contributions to PV. In addition, some patients were
found to develop antimitochondrial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[Adapted from Pan M, Liu X, Zheng J. The pathogenic role of autoantibodies in pemphigus
vulgaris. Clin Ex. Dermatol 2011;36(7):703–07.]
The mechanisms of apoptosis in PV may be based on the PV IgG–triggered activation of signalling
pathways, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor activation–dependent intracellular signalling
(extracellular signal–regulated kinase) pathway, and the apoptosis (FasR) pathway. However,
understanding the mechanisms of apoptosis is pivotal for the development of more specific
therapies.[31]
The basal–cell shrinkage hypothesis and the apoptolysis theory
Studies reported that PV acantholysis mainly occurs in the superior basal layer, and is generally
characterized by tombstone–like transformation of basal cells. Claude et al. proposed a new
hypothesis of pemphigus pathogenesis in 2006, which suggests that after the pathogenic PV
autoantibody binds to the keratinocyte receptor, a series of signal transduction pathways trigger the
rupture of the cytoskeleton, resulting in the collapse and shrinkage of the keratinocytes. This
hypothesis explains why PV acantholysis mainly occurs at the basal layer, even though the
keratinocytes in the superior basal layer remain connected. In 2009, a novel term, 'apoptolysis', was
proposed by

A Promising Treatment Modality For Cancer
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality for cancer as it can promote specific and durable
anti–cancer responses. Systemic adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an emerging form of cancer
immunotherapy showing tremendous potential in clinical studies aimed at treating solid cancers. The
success of promising anti–cancer adoptive cell therapies relies on the abilities of the perfused CD8+
T lymphocytes to gain access to and persist within the tumor microenvironment to carry out their
cytotoxic functions. The success of cancer adoptive cell therapies depends on the expansion of
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from patient derived tumors for their personalized systemic
infusion back into individual patients, along with the capacity of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Hypotheses:
The implantation of 3D T cell cultures will provide a means for conveyance of a continuous feed of
these cells towards the reduction of tumor burden or of tumor reoccurrence near the site of tumor
resection. To that end, the molecular architecture of the scaffold must permit the expansion and
release of functional T cells whose activation state can be affected by the surrounding conditions,
allowing activating and chemo attractant signatures from the tumor microenvironment to accelerate
the proliferation, escape, and immunogenicity of the encapsulated cells. It must also allow its
precise, local administration in a minimally invasive way (through catheter or needle), its jellifying
ahead of its dispersion, and must provide it with the ability to withstand in vivo stress and
degradation for the duration of treatment.
Aim:
The aim of this research is to develop a new method for local injection of concentrated, three
dimensional (3D) TIL (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) cultures into the tumor microenvironment
akin to adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy currently applied to cavities formed from tumor
resection in cases of advanced tumor stage and margin positivity, and also with the intent to mimic
naturally occurring tertiary lymphoid structures associated to positive patient prognosis.
In this study,

Innate Immunity Research Paper
The immune system is a barrier within the human body. This barrier defends the body from
pathogenic microorganisms and prevents damage from occurring within the body. The immune
system is sub–divided into two parts: innate (non–specific) immunity and acquired (specific)
immunity.
Innate immunity refers to the defence mechanisms that are already available prior to the exposure of
a pathogen. Therefore, once the body is exposed to a pathogen, the innate immune system can
respond swiftly and attack the microorganism, preventing damage to the body. Innate immunity
includes: the skin, stomach acid and mucus membranes. If the pathogen still manages to enter the
body, then leukocytes within the blood can attack the pathogen. Phagocytes are the main

Children With Autism Paper
Researchers have found that parents of children with autism experience greater stress than parents
with typical developing children and children with other disabilities, including intellectual
disabilities and Down syndrome. Research has also found that mothers of children with autism have
significantly higher ratings of parental stress and negative psychological functioning than mothers of
children without autism. When comparing a mother's role to the fathers, mothers are reported to
have higher levels of stress and depression, while fathers report more difficulty interacting with their
child with autism. Mothers are more likely to be involved with their child's everyday life activities
and are more often affected by their child's inability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Commenting on the child's actions, responses, or verbalizations instead of asking questions
When collecting data, researchers found significant differences between mothers' and fathers'
FACE–II scores during the pretest and posttest, even though neither of their individual scores did
not change over the study. Mothers scored within a flexible level, meaning they were more easily
adaptable to change in response to an environment or situation. Fathers scored within the structured
level, which indicated that they preferred to maintain family–based relationship and to establish

Database Used for Reporting and Data Analysis
Introduction
In computing, a data warehouse (DW, DWH), or an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a database
used for reporting and data analysis. Integrating data from one or more disparate sources creates a
central repository of data, a data warehouse (DW). Data warehouses store current and historical data
and are used for creating trending reports for senior management reporting such as annual and
quarterly comparisons.
The data stored in the warehouse is uploaded from the operational systems (such as marketing,
sales, etc., shown in the figure to the right). The data may pass through an operational data store for
additional operations before it is used in the DW for reporting.
A fundamental concept of a data warehouse is the distinction between data and information. Data is
composed of observable and recordable facts that are often found in operational or transactional
systems. At Rutgers, these systems include the registrar's data on students (widely known as the
SRDB), human resource and payroll databases, course scheduling data, and data on financial aid. In
a data warehouse environment, data only comes to have value to end–users when it is organized and
presented as information. Information is an integrated collection of facts and is used as the basis for
decision making.
The data warehouse is that portion of an overall Architected Data Environment that serves as the
single integrated source of data for processing information. The data warehouse has specific

The Adaptive Immune System
The immune system is split into two groups, innate and adaptive.
Innate immunity refers to nonspecific defense mechanisms that, during exposure of an antigen, act
at once or within a few hours . Physical barriers like skin, chemicals in the blood, and cells in the
immune system that attack foreign cells are examples of defense mechanisms. An antigen's chemical
make–up is what triggers the innate immune to respond.
Adaptive immunity however, is antigen–specific, has immunologic memory and consists of
responses of both T and B cells. It is more complex than the innate immunity, as processing and
recognizing the antigen must first be done before immune cells can be created by the adaptive
immune system to attack it.
The innate and acquired

The Design Model Developed By Sister Callista Roy
In the clinical setting, nurses must evaluate their patients in order to better understand their needs.
Multiple conceptual models exist in order guide the evaluation process as well as to enhance the
nurses' scope of practice. The focus of this paper will be based on the Roy Adaptation Model
developed by Sister Callista Roy, in which the model will be explained, analyzed and discussed
through a clinical situation. Presentation of the conceptual model Sister Callista Roy established her
first publication of the Roy Adaptation model in 1970 defining nursing as "enhancing life processes
to promote adaptation" (Roy, 2009, p.28). Many theorists, such as Helson and von Bertalanffy,
inspired the creation of her own model (McEwen & Wills, 2011). The two core principles that make
up this model are humanism and veritivity (Pepin, Kerouac & Ducharme, 2010). Humanism
describes the importance of the subjective dimensions of a person while the term veritivity, created
by Roy, is "the principle of human nature that affirms a common purposefulness of human
existence" (Roy, 2009, p.28). Consequently, the Roy adaptation model emphasizes the need to adapt.
It assesses the interaction and effect the environment may be having on the patient while undergoing
the disease process or experience. Thus, the environment and the patient's health are
interchangeable. The modes of adaptation consist of the physiological mode as well as three
psychosocial modes, which are broken down into

The Characteristics Of Intellectual Disabilities
Definition: The term intellectual disability has gone through a series of modification along the years.
For instance, at first mental retardation was the terminology intellectual disability was referred to as
(Gargiulo & Bouck, 2017, p. 162).Nonetheless, Intellectual disability is defined by Gargiulo and
Bouck as "a disability characterized by significant limitations in both in intellectual functioning and
in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills" (Gargiulo &
Bouck, 2017, p. 165).In other words intellectual disability is not only primarily focusing on
cognitive impairment but also in a child's behavior.
Characteristics: To start with, intellectual disability is not specific enough to narrow down specific
characteristics that members of this group share. Meaning that not every single person placed under
intellectual disability will share similar characteristics (Gargiulo & Bouck, 2017, p. 181). Impaired
cognitive functioning is the most prevalent characteristic displayed by students affected with this
disability (Gargiulo & Bouck, 2017, p. 181). Cognitive functions include: individual's ability to
learn, acquire concepts, process information, and apply knowledge in various setting such as school
(Gargiulo & Bouck, 2017, p. 181). Furthermore, attention is another feature students with
intellectual disability experience the individual struggles to focus their attention and often become
distracted easily (Gargiulo & Bouck,

Does GRTL Help with ASD and Behavioral Issues?
Introduction:
Yoga is one kind of exercise which relaxes our mood, body, and mind. It consists of different body
movement like stretching, keeping, different posture, and as well as meditation. Within the article
"Efficacy of the get ready....a pretest –posttest control group design "the authors are trying to portray
the effects of yoga on children with autism. I chose this article because my son also has autism
problem. He is in first grade, and he gets occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech therapy
in school. Furthermore, this article would be beneficial in helping me understand how to help my
son. Moreover, I expect as a future certified occupational therapy assistant that I may do this kind of
work.
The article states that in a control experimental study, children with behavioral problems showed a
reduction in their behavior, class performance, and attention problems. Also, students who
participate in this program, improve their rage problem. Yoga has beneficial effects on regular
people as well..
There were many researches were done in previous time about this issue. 2Like Galantine, Galbavy,
and Quinn 2008; Harrison, Manchaca, and Rubbia 2004; Kenny 2002; Klatt 2009; Peck, Kehle,
Bray and Theodore, 2005. These researchers found that low achieving children with behavioral
problems who joined in a yoga intervention showed significant reductions in behavioral problems.
Some researchers also found that yoga may exhibit a protective or preventive role among

Factors That Affect Resilience
In my term paper, I would like to talk about Resilience which I believe is a prerequisite for an
effective leader. Life has ups and downs and adversities are inevitable. Things can beyond our
control, it is impossible for us to prevent unpleasant circumstances from happening. Difficulties and
problems come out of nowhere, the stress and anxiety associated with adversity may knock us down
if we cope with them inadequately. Chronic stress can lead to mental collapse if we still cannot
manage them well, which is definitely undesirable for a leader because it can affect the cooperation
with others as well as the team morale.
First of all, I would like to define what resilience is. Major scholars believe it is the process to
recover from trauma, or the ability to respond to adversity. According to Sergeant and Laws–
Chapman (2012), resilience refers to "the ability to adapt to adverse conditions while maintaining a
sense of purpose, balance, and positive mental and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are several factors can contribute to and affect resilience, are as follows:
1) Personal attributes
I believe it is one of the major determinants of resilience. Having personal attributes such as calm,
patience and adventurous will facilitate us to become a more resilient person. We will not become
panic–stricken and lose control of ourselves when we encounter adversity. Other positive traits such
as cheerful and optimistic can also conduce to resiliency. It can help us to find positive meanings in
our lives despite adversity. On the contrary, negative traits such as pessimistic, impulsive and
emotionally unstable can affect our resiliency and also our well–being.
2) Family cohesion and relationships
It is also a key factor affecting resilience. A positive, supportive and cohesive family relationship
can promote our resiliency. Relatives are the important props to support us when we are
experiencing adversity.
3) External

Behavioral Assessment Scale For Children Second Edition (...
Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children–Second Edition (BASC II) Cole's mother and English
teacher completed BASC II scales. The BASC II measures a student's emotional, behavioral, and
adaptive functioning. The score that is used for the scale is the T–score. The T–score indicates the
distance of a score from the norm group mean. The BASC II has a mean T–score of 50 with a
standard deviation of 10. Scores ranging 60 to 69 are considered to be in the At–Risk range. The T–
scores that are 70+ are in the Clinically Significant range. On the Adaptive Scale portion of the
BASC II, the T–Scores that are from 30 to 39 are in the At–Risk range. The T–scores that are below
29 are in the Clinically Significant range.
Cole 's teacher rated him in the Clinically Significant range in the area of Hyperactivity, Aggression,
and Somatization. His T score on Hyperactivity at 61. Cole 's teacher reports that he often engages
in a number of behaviors that may be adversely affecting other children in the classroom. At times,
Cole is considered to be restless and impulsive, and has difficulty maintaining his self–control. Cole
's T score on Aggression is. Cole 's teacher reports that he sometimes displays aggressive behaviors,
such as being argumentative, defiant, and/or threatening to others. Cole 's T score on Somatization is
67. Cole 's teacher reports that he displays several health–related concerns.
Cole's teacher rated him in the At–Risk range in the area of Attention

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