D240 Ema

d240 ema
Louise Donovan
D240 EMA
02OCTOBER 2013
PI–Y8323838
PART ONE
The aim of this quantitative study on "Computerised cognitive behaviour therapy, CCBT and older
people", is too firstly measure if the group of older people are interested in using computerised
therapy, and are they willing to learn computer skills needed for computerised therapy. Other factors
were also taken into the results, such as if the group being studied had previous experience of self–
help and therapy, and if they had any experience on computers. A small scale study took place with a
short questionnaire, of nine questions, and given to 60 people using a mental health service.
Participants were aged 65 plus, some who regularly attended day hospital, fewer who were ... Show
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PART TWO
The research for this study in the article 'CCBT and older people' is using the quantitative approach.
Therefore relating to outcome research, to determine how much something is helpful or unhelpful.
Quantitative is measurement in the form of numbers, to reveal facts and in this article, it was to
measure how many people would be willing to use CCBT, with three columns, yes, no and unsure.
These measures were displayed on a bar chart, and are very clear when looking at the results, how
much of one response there is. As with quantitative research you can study a much larger group of
people, to then make a possible generalisation, as more people studied. However the article study,
there were only 60 users identified as participants and only 38 of them completed and sent back the
questionnaires, so the study scale was small. There have been 14 other studies into computerised
coginitive behaviour therapies, and its management in depression and anxiety, including randomised
control trials, in people age 61 years and younger. Therefore Elsegood and Powell research of 'ccbt
and older people' are one of the very few with older participants. RCT (randomised control trials)
are conducted to ascertain whether funding by the government is suitable, in the area of therapy for
psychological problems, and in this study depression and anxiety. Evidence from the trials on
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Rebecca Curtis Article Summary
Summary of Article: In the article "Speaking Freely: My Experiences in Individual Psychotherapies,
Group Therapies, and Growth Groups," Rebecca Curtis discusses her experiences with multiple
forms of therapy. First Curtis reviews her experiences with group therapies, then psychotherapy,
followed by two psychoanalysis experiences. Curtis also discusses the value of each of her
experiences as well as the difficulties she had with certain experiences.
Most Important Idea(s): There are three types of experiences that Curtis mentions in her article. First
is her experiences with training groups and therapy groups. Second is her experience with
psychotherapy. Finally Curtis mentions two of her experiences with psychoanalysis. However, out
of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Curtis' second analyst was different from her first. According to Curtis, competition with this analyst
was nonexistent. Annoyances that occurred because of the first analyst did not occur with the second
analyst. The second analyst did not conform to one theory causing Curtis to feel more connected
with this analyst. Curtis also felt that this analyst did not overuse the theory of transference (Curtis,
2011). Curtis states that during this experience, "I could speak freely but learned to think more
carefully about the consequences in advance, at least about some of them some of the time" (Curtis,
p. 802).
Value of Article: I find this article to be enlightening about how different types of therapies affect
the same individual. Curtis had experience with two types of group therapies before she interned,
however she still learned from the group therapy she observed during her internship. While
psychotherapy did not resonate with Curtis, psychoanalysis worked better for her. Curtis depicts two
encounters with psychoanalysis that had two drastically different methods and results. The value of
this article is that it shows individuals that even though one method of therapy did not work another

Treatment For SUD
Formats of Treatment For SUD Treatment programs were created to help individuals with SUDs to
establish and maintain a recovery program. There are many treatment approaches, but the focus here
will be to examine the similarities and differences of outpatient treatment programs and residential
treatment programs. Summarizing the components, variety of treatment programs, and aftercare
programs will also be reviewed. Outpatient and residential treatment programs require the client to
participate in individual therapy, group therapy, and attend 12–step group meetings. Frequency of
therapy vary with each program. A treatment plan is developed between the therapist and client with
goals, steps to reach the goals, and monitoring the progress. The ... Show more content on
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Individuals that are substance use focused, lack support, resistant, suicidal, or homicidal are best
suited for this type of program. The client participates in multiple individual therapies, group
therapies, and 12–step meetings each week. Residential treatment programs include detoxification
programs (rapidly wean client off substance prior to referral to residential program) and hospital–
based treatment program (offering medical services with individual, group, marital, and family
therapy). Another form of residential treatment programs are therapeutic communities. These consist
of 24–hour programs that may last 12–24 months. The client receives individual and group therapy
and follow a 12–step program in a structured environment. An active participant, the belief is that
community will foster change and healing in the client. Therapeutic communities provide encounter
groups and tutorial

Cognitive Therapy And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay
Since the beginning of psychotherapy as a discipline and theoretical body of knowledge, there has
been many different psychotherapies developed and practiced. Some psychotherapies share
similarities and, at times, use the same mechanisms of change (e.g., cognitive therapy and cognitive
behavioral therapy) while other psychotherapies are fundamentally distinct from each other (e.g.,
psychoanalysis and acceptance and commitment therapy). The integration of the mechanisms and
theoretical basses of two or more psychotherapies has been sought out as a means to create methods
of psychotherapy that are increasingly effective and useful for practitioners. Integrating aspects of
different psychotherapies has been attempted in four ways; by using assimilative integration,
technical eclecticism, theoretical integration, and common factors (CF).
Assimilative integration is a popular method of practice that relies on the practitioner having one
dominant theoretical grounding and using methods from other psychotherapies when they are seen
to be useful in therapy. In other words, the therapist dominantly practices one theoretical orientation,
which he or she uses for the fundamental cause of pathology and most therapeutic techniques, while
using techniques from other theoretical orientations when they would benefit particular patients or
be suitable in certain situations. An example of the assimilative integration approach is when a
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) practitioner decides

Art Psychotherapy: Group Dynamics Essays
One of the many significant concepts of group dynamics that I found to be the most interesting is the
idea of how any and all aspects of the group process has the natural ability to bring up all the past
relatable experiences of each individual group member. I found this to be very true on so many
levels within each session, process and the overall development of the group. It has personally been
meaningful to view the life of a group as a story with a beginning, middle and end–simply a process
of constantly moving succession of moments. Seeing it in this manner then makes perfect sense that
every story will remind us of all past stories and that every parts of the story will remind us of all the
parts of past stories. With all of this in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I can now see the underlying significance and purpose behind yearbooks and the influence that this
annual festivity may have on each individual child and adolescent, but also the "school–attending
group" as a whole in terms of closure. In relation to group dynamics, the yearbook can be seen as
the school's way of addressing "the end" as Yalom (2005) describes, "Pain over the loss of the group
is dealt with in part by a sharing of past experiences: exciting and meaningful past group events are
remembered; members remind one another of the way they are then" (p.390). The 'Positive Me'
exercise not only allowed members to give and receive feedback to and from each other, but it also
gave each person a souvenir or memorabilia–like gift–something concrete to take away with them as
a reminder of this particular group experience. It also served as a great "warm–up" and transition
into the process of using the creative modality to address and experience the closing phase of our
group development.
Our final art therapy experience began with each member choosing out one of the 19 cut out pieces
of yellow paper laid out on the floor to draw on. The instruction was then to use the art materials
(crayons, pastels and markers) to express "who you are in this group". Even though I was fully
participating as opposed to observing or 'fishbowling', I briefly checked in with the group from time
to time on a

The Gap Of Quality Of Life Essay
I. Introduction
The problem that I am going to focus on this research paper is the gap of quality of life(QOL)
between panic disorder patients, nonclinical panickers and normal people without panic disorder. In
2009, The National Institute of Mental Health announced that about six million American adults
suffer from panic disorder(PD). Panic attacks are defined as sudden bursts of emotions which
include fear of dying and losing control and so on. Most of the people suffer from occasional panic
attacks but not all of them develop into panic disorder. People who have worries about recurring
panic attacks have more frequent panic attacks than the others who do not. People who have genetic
predisposition, had extremely unpleasant early childhood experience with anxiety and risk, and
having to face challenging changes on becoming an independence adult are more like to have PD.
One out of 75 people suffer from panic disorder and it usually appear during the teen or early
adulthood. It is also said that having a family member with panic disorder will increase the risk of it
in other family members. PD is highly treatable with psychotherapy such as cognitive behavior
therapy or medication or both. Since PD symptoms are very similar to heart attacks or other life
threatening condition such as shortness of breath or hyperventilation, sweating, heart palpitations,
chest pain, trembling, dizziness, and hot or cold flashes, there are more chances to be misinterpreted
those symptoms and

Educating Members Of A Psychotherapy Group
1. Most times we get confused with these two terms because of their overlapping into each other.
Though they may be similar, they are different and sever different purposes. A psychoeducation
group is like the shadow of a psychotherapy group. Psychoeducation group focuses more on
educating members of the group about the different aspects of psychology. The Psychoeducation
aspect of any psychoed group is sometimes be referred to as an awareness group.
On the other hand, a psychotherapy group is a group that offers services or treatment to members of
the group. Psychotherapy group can many forms and it varies based on the focus of the group. This
is most times a small group with a therapist. Many groups are designed to target a specific problem,
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The reason why I prefer clients known by the agency or clinic; is that they would already have a
sense of familiarity with whomever that will be facilitating the group. For screening the agency
would screen them based on the information on file and extended and invite. In this case I would
recommend that the group stays in 30s–40s age range. Most parents within this age range experience
postpartum depression. You would want to stick with this age group because people at this age
understands each other more than there's a huge age like 20s/50s sometimes judgement is passed. I
would be very helpful if the group has an orientation before the start of the group in order to give a
debrief of group norms and expectations. This is give the volunteer group members a chance to see
if they fit in the group or not. One of the major things I would work on as the facilitator is social
skills and how to cope with postpartum. This I thing would better aid the members, based on their
diagnosis. For this counselling group I would organize discussion topics surrounding postpartum
and relate it to reality. Because of the counselling method of the group. In closing making a
blueprint for your group is just as important as making one for your

The Main Differences between Group Counseling and Group...
Group Counseling vs. Group Psychotherapy: In the past few years, community agencies have
increasingly used groups since various groups have become a common feature of today's society.
Some of the most common groups in today's society include groups for women, men, parent
education, children, HIV/AIDS support, and those for reducing substance abuse. Due to the
increased use of groups by communities, there are various approaches that have emerged including
group counseling and group psychotherapy. Group counseling is a designed preventive and remedial
approach to meet the needs of specific population in the society like women, men, the elderly,
adolescents, and children. On the contrary, group psychotherapy is a re–education process of the
present and past through conscious and unconscious awareness. Differences between Group
Counseling and Group Psychotherapy: There are several notable differences between group
counseling and group psychotherapy including "¦ Focus: The main difference between group
counseling and group psychotherapy is on the focus of the group. Group counseling tends to focus
on the development, improvement, progress, self–consciousness, prevention, and elimination of
obstacles to growth while group psychotherapy focuses on issues like personality reconstruction,
treatment, and remediation (Corey, 2011, p. 8). Goals: Due to their divergent focus, group
counseling and group psychotherapy also differ in relation to their goals. Since group

Group Psychotherapy Research Paper
Depression in late life is very common, particularly in older adults who are moving in to a different
phase of their lives. They may experience a loss of a job, death of a spouse, empty nest, or a move
that has taken them away from their social network. Geriatric depression is expensive for everyone
involved, from the seniors who suffer not only mentally but physically from its effects to the
increased use of health services such as emergency room visits. Suicide is also a consequence of
depression in seniors. Sometimes depression is not diagnosed properly because its physical
symptoms can mimic other illnesses. Many women, ages 55 and up, experience feelings of
loneliness, isolation and do not know what to do now that they are in this new stage in their life; not
working etc. Is the women's group effective in helping members overcome feelings of depression
and isolation?
The program that will be evaluated is a closed ten–week psychotherapy group focused on increasing
support and connection around the aging process. Several topics will be discussed during this ten–
week period. These include: increasing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
S., & Rook, K. S. (2013). Emotional and social loneliness in later life. Journal of Social and
Personal Relationships, 30(6), 813–832.
This study investigated the difference between emotional and social loneliness using structural
equation modeling, evaluated whether a two–dimensional or unidimensional conception of
loneliness provides a better fit to the data. Second, the extent to which positive and negative social
exchanges are associated with older adults' loneliness was examined. Third, they also investigated
whether the structure and social–exchange correlates of loneliness differ for currently married
versus formerly married older

The Goals Of A Psycho Education Group
The goal of a psycho–education group is to provide education, support, and direction for the purpose
of understanding the problem concerns and how to lessen the effects of the here and now as well as
the future. It is a therapeutic approach under the guidance of a trained mental health professional.
Psychoeducational groups are beneficial in a group setting for providing greater awareness and
understanding of a participant's problem. The groups are structured sessions with specific learning
outcomes identified for each session, closed and time limited. In 1975, Ivan Yalom identified eleven
therapeutic factors that affect change in a client. These factors are as the following: altruism, group
cohesiveness, universality, interpersonal learning – input interpersonal learning – output, imparting,
information/guidance, catharsis, identification, family reenactment, self–understanding, installation
of hope, and existential factors (Yalom, 2005). According to Yalom, the importance of various
therapeutic factors depends on the type of the group therapy practiced.
Summary
Group therapy is used widely in the treatment and education of substance abuse. Different types of
group therapy that works for substance abusers. Psychoeducation therapy and CBT is more
beneficial for substance abuse users than other therapy groups. It works best with people who are in
denial of substance abuse use, newly recovered addicts, clients who need additional support to assist
in

Health Care At Tri County Regional Hospital
Tri–County Regional Hospital is becoming the cornerstone of the community as the hospital has
shown growth and opportunity specifically as it relates to Behavioral Health. Pat has demonstrated
great management skills and success by being promoted from manager of Tri–County Regional
inpatient behavioral health unit to fill the role of Director of Behavioral Health Services as well as
becoming the new Director in the Allied Health Services Division of the hospital within a year
timeframe. More importantly, while Pat served as manager, he made several key improvements such
as improved patient care, increased average utilizations, increased repeated referral rates and
improved employee satisfaction and retention. Most recently, Pat was recognized for having a
successful first quarter 2018 rollout of a treatment program in the Behavioral Health Intensive
Outpatient Program. These are indeed great accomplishments and it appears that Pat is not done as
he is interested in opening a local psychotherapy group practice which will provide a therapy option
for current and former patients that received mental health treatment from the unit as well as
referrals from the community. Pat suggested this addition would be ideal as it would potentially
increase referrals due to the service being "in house" as well as the potential to build a team of
experts specializing in the needs of the patients instead of referring patients out–not ensuring they
would be seen properly and in a timely

Art Psychotherapy
The Article, "Art Therapy Strategies to Raise Self–Esteem in Female Juvenile Offenders: A
Comparison of Art Psychotherapy and Art as Therapy Approaches" by Liz Hartz, & Lynette Thick
seeks to find the benefits of Art as therapy and Art psychotherapy methods during artistic
experience. The research problem is to analyse the differences between these two art therapy
approaches administered over female Juvenile offenders, with self–esteem, peer–relations,
behavioural conduct and social acceptance as the measuring scales. The Abstract provides a clear
indication of improved self–esteem among the clients of both the treatment groups. It is a good
conception to adopt both these approaches, which might help in developing art therapy theories
individually.

Essay about Group Therapy Theory Comparison
Looking for new and more effective ways to treat the issues of their clients, counselors and
therapists may often begin to consider leading a group therapy session. Group therapy is a form of
therapy in which a therapist either treats or provides psychoeducational skills to a small, carefully
planned target group of individuals in an effort to ameliorate the issues and dysfunctions of each
individual in that particular group of patients together (Scheidlinger, 2004). In this group, therapists
often utilize some of the psychotherapy theories such as Gestalt, transactional analysis,
psychotherapy or psychodrama which they often use to treat clients individually.
Counselors regularly decide which school of thought they will mainly utilize ... Show more content
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It will also introduce and discuss an emerging form of therapy called interactive group therapy.
Group Therapy and Adolescents When working with different age groups the therapist must regard
developmental stages of not just the group as a whole but must also take into consideration the
developmental and cognitive abilities of each individual in their small group. There are some forms
of therapy which may either be more appropriate to use with younger students, or can be modified to
suit the needs of younger students or students who have a reduced level of cognition. In adolescent
psychotherapy, the therapist needs to be aware of the relationship adolescents have with each other
and with their parents and caretakers. At this point in their lives, these relationships are often quite
tumultuous (Holmes, Heckel, & Gordon, 1991). In addition to their social networks, the therapist
also needs to be attentive to the manner in which the adolescent's early experiences form their sense
of self and respect the adolescent's desire to be independent and be active in deciding the paths of
their lives. With this in mind, the therapist will allow adolescent group members to have a more
active role in participating and at times even taking a leadership role within the group sessions

Humanistic Approach To Psychotherapy
During my earlier years as undergraduate, I recall being very interested in the humanistic approach
to psychotherapy, simply because it was congenial to the person I was at that time. I was deeply
interested in the concepts of free will, self–concept, self–actualization, and most importantly,
conditions of worth. In addition, when I considered the type of therapist I would have been the most
willing to do therapeutic work with, I tended to think of a therapist with a humanistic orientation.
However, I was quite naïve and discredited the other theoretical orientations.
While taking two upper upper–division courses (i.e., Clinical Psychology History and Systems), I
began to get more exposure to other perspectives. As a result, I became more

Personal Goal: Group Psychotherapy
Personal Goals
Despite having experience running groups, I can safely say that I still feel ill–prepared and untrained
in the modality. I have received no direct training or classroom instruction on group psychotherapy.
My first goal is to gain knowledge about the nature of group work and the many different
specializations that exist. Over the years, I have discovered that I am more comfortable working
with adults than adolescents in a group setting. I also find it easier to run a psychoeducation group
than an open–ended process group, which brings me to my second goal. I would like to become a
more competent process group leader and develop skills to help keep a group focused and on task. I
feel anxious and unsure of myself at times when

Music Therapy : Where Does It Stand?
Music Therapy: Where Does It Stand?
When one needs psychotherapy, there are several options. Most people use one or more of these five
types: body psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), existential psychotherapy,
interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), or relational psychotherapy (Jefferies). These are some of the
most popular forms of psychotherapy, and most patients who use them are successful in healing or
reaching a manageable state. Because of their famed efficiency and reliability, many people go
straight to the aforementioned therapies and don't consider other types. There are many other forms
of psychotherapy that could potentially be as effective and reliable, considering their stats and
patient outcomes. One of these is music therapy.
What is music therapy? Music therapy is defined as "the clinical and evidence based use of music
interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed
professional who has completed an approved music therapy program" ("American Music..."). Music
therapy is used to treat people with a wide variety of needs. It can be used to treat people with
anxiety, depression, an eating disorder, trauma, schizophrenia, substance abuse problems,
Alzheimer's and/or dementia, stroke, and those that are speech impaired (Snell, Register, and
Simpson). There are also several different methods of music therapy. These include music games,
music listening, music with art, music assisted relaxation,

Group Psychotherapy
Staff and patient experience of improving access to psychological therapy group interventions for
anxiety and depression principally recommend cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment
of most cases of anxiety and depression, and all IAPT services are required to deliver CBT
alongside other NICE–approved therapies (Newbold, Hardy & Byng, 2013).
The limited existing research comparing the effectiveness of group versus individual CBT indicates
only small differences in effectiveness, suggesting that group CBT may be a valid response to the
high demand on primary care mental health services (Newbold, Hardy & Byng, 2013).
Yalom (2005) argues that 12 main factors facilitate change in group psychotherapy. These include
altruism, group ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In regards to normalization; on attending a group session, patients felt a great sense of relief that
others had similar problems. This helped them feel normal, reducing anxiety(Newbold, Hardy &
Byng, 2013). In regards of feeling connected; Patients enjoyed having people to talk to who
understood how they felt and somewhere to go to meet others with the same problem (Newbold,
Hardy & Byng, 2013). In regards to group support; as the group sessions progressed, patients were
able to give and receive support from each other as well as the therapist (Newbold, Hardy & Byng,
2013). In regards to the role of hope; being part of a group where people with the same problem got
better brought hope for patients' own recovery(Newbold, Hardy & Byng, 2013). Group interaction
was not always positive, with some patients taking more opportunity to talk than others (Newbold,
Hardy & Byng, 2013). And lastly, some suggestions were made on improving group–based work,
including keeping the number of patients small enough for all to have the chance to contribute
(Newbold, Hardy & Byng,

Drug Based Treatment : Advantages And Disadvantages Of...
Disadvantages of Drug Based Treatment
Pharmacotherapy typically is not the first course of action when treating post–traumatic stress
disorder. Doctors hesitantly prescribe medications because of the risk of side effects or unfavorable
outcomes. PTSD drug treatment side effects include intolerable sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal
issues, glaucoma, sedation, dizziness, and depression. Taking any medication runs the risk of side
effects but psychotherapy eliminates that risk. Side effects can easily change the outcome of the
course of treatment by making the quality of life worse than before treatment. Some therapists such
as Dr. Robert Moore claim that medications do not treat the root of the problem. Pharmacotherapy
locks the problem in and does not solve anything, it just halts the symptoms temporarily. Overall
medications do not clear up the residual psychological effects of PTSD (Films for the Humanities &
Sciences).
Advantages of a Therapy Based Treatment
Doctors define Psychotherapy as "a service provided by a trained psychotherapist to recognize and
treat mental, emotional and behavioral disorders in their clients by psychological means. The
process utilizes various forms of interaction and communication to accomplish this goal. The
treatment may be for an individual, a family unit of a group. The approach is also called talk
therapy" (Nugent). Psychotherapy breaks off into three groups, cognitive behavioral therapies,
cognitive processing therapy, and

Outline The History Of Group Work, Its Advantages And...
This assignment will aim to define what group work is, outline the history of group work, its
advantages and disadvantages and the use of group for individuals suffering from ill mental health.
The second part of this assignment will be a reflection that will outline the authors personal
experience of participating in a group in the university setting and the challenges and growths
associated with that. Human beings naturally form groups and are shaped by them. Usually
beginning in the microcosm of the family and extending to larger societal and cultural groups.
The use of therapeutic groups within the mental health field emerged in the early 20th century. The
prevalent psychoanalytical theory at the time fixated on the internal world of the individual to
explain mental ill health. Alfred Adler challenged this position with his belief that individuals do not
exist in isolation and that their family and loved ones should be included in therapeutic
interventions. Social psychologists such as Kurt Lewin pioneered the idea that individuals are
profoundly influenced by their environment. The language of "group work" and "group
psychotherapy" was first coined by Jacob Moreno in his work with prison populations (Ryrie and
Norman 2013).
Therapeutic communities were developed in the United Kingdom in the wake of World War II the
first at Northfield military hospital, this is now considered the first intentional therapeutic
community. This community pioneered a the first

Dissociative Identity Disorder: Article Analysis
In the article Dissociative Identity Disorder : A Controversial Diagnosis , stated that patients of
dissociative are " possess extreme sensitivity to interpersonal trust and rejection issues" (Gillig
,2009) . This creates a hard time for therapists to treat patients with multiple identity disorder
because of trust and rejection issues.The treatment for consist of psychotherapy and hypnosis .
Hypnosis is used for communicate with different personalities and to understand their role. There
are different types of psychotherapy that decrease the symptoms of dissociative identity disorder
.One of the following types of psychotherapy is cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral
therapy helps the patient to cope with negative thoughts and

The NIDA: The Possibility Of Rehabilitation
The organization also states that there is a significant gap in the availability of treatment since less
than 10% of the afflicted gets the necessary rehabilitation. Food, sex, gambling and shopping
addictions albeit less significant also have a substantial effect on the region. In fact, these habits
arise partially from cross–addiction where drug users substitute their predisposition to medications
to other substances such as food, sex, and gambling. The NIDA also claims that approximately
40%–60% of the few individuals who undergo treatment are likely to relapse from the success of the
rehabilitation and revert into their addiction. Therefore, a distinct problem is evidenced by these
statistics. Firstly, the North American region, including

Critical Review of Meta Analysis
A Critical Review of Meta–Analysis
Abstract
Meta–analysis has been much debated and criticized since its creation, and it has been argued that
systematic reviews are superior. The present study examined the reverse idea – that meta–analysis is
the superior method. A literature search was conducted of meta–analysis studies for psychotherapy
within the PsycINFO database. The resulting studies were further examined and classified as either
primary articles or secondary articles. Primary articles were further examined for secondary articles
associated with them. It was found that there was some criticism within the literature. The results
were compared to a study of systematic review literature conducted at the same time. The ... Show
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As with any other process, meta–analysis has several disadvantages or weaknesses. It's been argued,
for example, that one of the weaknesses of meta–analysis is associated with the fact that it requires a
great amount of effort and expertise, and that currently there is a major drawback in the research
community of those who conduct them (Berkeljon & Baldwin, 2009). Lipsey & Wilson (2001) also
argued that meta–analysis often 'loses' a lot of valuable qualitative data (for example, the social
context of the study) because it aggregates only quantitative data. It is further argued that the
exclusion of such data may sometimes interfere with the process of arriving at the right conclusion
(Lipsey & Wilson, 2001). Other authors also argue that meta–analysis includes a mix of different
studies in a single review which could be very problematic (Berkeljon & Baldwin, 2009). For
example, Glass, McGraw & Smith (1981) referred to this as the "apples and oranges" problem,
arguing that different treatments and measures are given the same weight, when, in fact, they are not
always the same. This, Glass, McGraw, and Smith claimed, can result in a misrepresentation of the
measures used in each study, as well as their level of contribution to the review, which would skew
the results. Lastly, the weaknesses of meta–analysis have been noted by others to stem from the fact
that if poor quality studies or

Cultural Factors Of Eating Disorders
Cultural Factors Culture has been identified as one of the etiological factors leading to the
development of eating disorders. Rates of these disorders appear to vary among different cultures
and to change across time as cultures evolve. Additionally, eating disorders appear to be more
widespread among contemporary cultural groups than was previously believed (Miller, 2010, para.
2). Miller (2010) also stated that a variety of American ethnic groups have higher levels of eating
disorders than previously recognized. According to Miller (2014), a recent study of early adolescent
girls found that Hispanic and Asian–American girls showed greater body dissatisfaction than
Caucasian girls. Furthermore, Miller (2014) also reported levels ... Show more content on
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"Counseling or psychotherapy alone, as well as in combination with pharmacotherapy, requires
highly trained mental health and/or medical professionals working in outpatient or inpatient
facilities, and these treatments can be quite expensive" (Erford & Richards, 2012, p. 152).
Psychotherapy
Bulimia Nervosa treatment led to many debates over which approach is most effective.
Psychotherapy can be very helpful in addressing not only disordered eating, but also overall
emotional health and happiness. The focus of psychotherapy treatment is to address the underlying
emotional and cognitive issues that result in the disordered eating. Erford & Richards, (2012), have
reported the efficacy of counseling or psychotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. The study
concluded that the effects did not last, and better results were obtained when medication was
combined with psychotherapy" (p. 152).
Family Therapy
In the article, Effects of bulimia on friends and family, (2012), stated that family therapy may be
used for younger bulimics, or those who do not respond to cognitive therapy. Family therapy relies
on the support of siblings and parents to encourage a bulimic to engage in healthy eating behaviors
and for treatment to be successful (para.4). There are usually many questions that need to be
answered. Unfortunately, bulimia is a difficult disorder to understand, even for the victim. If
everyone can become a part of the

How Somatic Experience Is Reflected In Spoken Therapy
This workshop focuses on how somatic experience is reflected in spoken therapy. The workshop
offers the perspective of a DMT and her endeavors to integrate this approach in her training in
verbal psychotherapy. By using somatic experiences we will explore ways in which body awareness
informs clinical practice. Followed by examples that illustrate the movement beyond the polarity of
verbal and nonverbal. Participants will have a chance to see how bodily practice are used in verbal
therapy. Finally, using both somatic and cognitive reflection, we will attempt to embrace the tension
between dichotomizing and integrating the verbal and the nonverbal.
This workshop will provide a dance/movement therapy perspective to analyze spoken therapy. It
will be focused on possible areas of integration and overlap that could make the bodily interventions
and movement observation tools applicable in spoken therapy. The workshop will propose a
perspective of moving beyond the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After a brief overview of challenges in the use of nonverbal techniques in the "seemingly purely
verbal" therapy, participants will be encouraged to use some of the techniques of movement
observation, breathing and bodily awareness. Individual, dyadic and group experiences will be
offered and time for participants to discuss in pairs and in group will be offered. The experiential
part will be followed by the presentation of the clinical vignettes and examples from the workshop
leader's practice. Both somatic and cognitive reflection will be encouraged.
1. Attendees will be able to list and describe some of the main ideas in dance/movement therapy and
analyze the ways in which this practice can be integrated with spoken therapy.
2. Attendees will gain tools that could guide them analyzing the influences of verbal and nonverbal
processes in psychotherapy.
3. Attendees will be exposed to the somatic and cognitive interventions to be used in

Corey In Group Therapy
There are differences that a therapist would need to consider when counseling families verses small
groups. Psychotherapists use methods to help a person to chance and overcome their problems in
desired ways. Psychotherapy is often used to solve psychological problems that the client would
have.
When therapists work with a client's family, the therapist would begin to talk about what the client is
doing. For example: the therapist would attempt to draw the client's attention to what they are doing,
or a particular moment in the session (Mackrill, 2008). The therapist would like the clients to talk
about their everyday lives while in treatment (Mackrill, 2008). The therapist will encourage the
clients to change their independent strategies and release their former strategies for change. The
therapist would use client interviews about their everyday live in between sessions. The therapist
would use data from counseling sessions (Mackrill, 2008). Individuals would come to therapy to
work on their emotional problems or mental issues. Person would be in distress, to the point that
they would not know how to function when dealing with the problem ... Show more content on
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These are possible expectation for certain behaviors or symptoms (Corey, Corey, & Corey, 2014, p.
39). Therapists will question the group members about their feelings, and they might question the
client to reduce intensity (Corey, Corey, & Corey, 2014, p. 39). A therapist would use supportive
behavior so that when clients face a crisis, the client can begin to get rid of old patterns that might
be limiting them from making positive changes in their life (Corey, Corey, & Corey, 2014, p. 40).
The therapist would need to work with each person and how they would work together. Group
members may not participate in counseling and may refrain from sharing their thoughts because
they may feel that they are being judged by others in the group. They prefer to keep themselves

Ethic in Counseling
Abstract
It is the purpose of this paper to address the topic of ethics in group counseling. This author will
define what group ethics is according to the psychological organizations such as the American
Counseling Association (ACA), and the Association of Specialist in Group Work (ASGW). This
author will also address what the American Association of Christian Counselor (AACC) has to say
about the ethical standards for Christian Counseling. To effectively practice ethically group therapy
a counselor needs to internalize the morals, values, and behavioral makeup of each individual within
the group. This paper will also look at the comparison between group and individual psychotherapy
and why a counselor will choose between the two. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, and perhaps most important, the ACA ethical code serves to protect this covenantal
relationship as it continues to evolve" (p.121). By looking at counseling relationships as a covenant
between the counselor and client the counselor will then respect the welfare and the dignity of their
client.
Ethics in Group Therapy
Corey & Corey (2006) state that counselors need to have a "thorough grounding in ethical issues is
as essential as a solid base of psychological knowledge and skills" (p. 64). They found that groups
have been responsible in bring about change in the members and that the profession of mental
acknowledged its effectiveness late in the counseling profession. According to Markus and King
(2003) they found that group therapy has been seem effective treatment modality for some
psychological and psychiatric disorders and issues. Professional organizations have seen the
importance in developing ethical standards for counselor who will provide group psychotherapy due
to the group may experience different ethical issues than individual therapy. Fallon (2006) found
that there are two areas that need to be addressed, the group's rights and what the responsibilities for
the group leader. Kocet (2006) states that for a counselor to be effective they need to have a solid

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt ), Group Therapy,...
A variety of problems can plague families. These can range from mental health issues in parents or
children all the way to problems involving abuse and neglect. To keep families functioning in a
healthy manner, there are many therapeutic approaches that can be used to intervene and change the
course of the familial issues. While remaining focused on family matters, I will introduce five of
these interventions including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), group therapy, client centered
therapy, psychotherapy and mindfulness based stress reduction. By placing a significant amount of
importance on problems occurring in the present, this type of psychotherapy is appealing to patients
with a desire to learn their way to better mental health. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Facilitating this collaborative process involves the therapist acting as an educator and active
participant in therapy. The concept of the therapist as an active participant means that the therapist is
there, not just to observe or interpret, but also to engage, lead and teach. The cognitive–behavioral
therapist acts as a guide to their patients; they guide their patients toward goal completion. Through
creating, assigning and following–up on real–world applications of behavior changing techniques,
the therapist assumes the role of an educator in the patient–practitioner dyad. CBT is structured
therapy. This means that there is a standard arrangement for each session. Beck (1995) stated the
underlying principle for adherence to a defined structural model as being important to increasing
understanding of the therapeutic process for both the patient and the therapist, to preventing relapse
of symptoms after cessation of therapy and directing the focus of the session toward the most
important issues (p. 8). This structure limits the possibility of idleness in the patient's progression
due to sessions that derail, ending up off–focus and off–topic. The structure of a CBT session begins
with checking the patient's current mood, recapitulating the previous session and homework, setting
an agenda for the current session, and assigning a new homework assignment. CBT is not without
its limitations, however. For some families, there may be

Psychotherapy: Three Principles of the Analysis of...
Three principles of the analysis of transference are proposed: known as a process of change,
redirection or alteration, transference can be a very effective implement in psychotherapy. With the
research and opinions of therapist and journalist ranging from Ryan Howes Ph.D., Mark Dombeck
Ph.D., Dr. Henriette T. Glatzer and Dr. Angela Molnos, there will be in depth definitions,
explanations and reasoning as to why and how transference works.
There are numerous examples of transference reactions and how it takes place in group
psychotherapy. Being recognized as a universal mental mechanism transference can easily emerge in
group treatment. There are some group therapists who agree that transference is a primary
mechanism in group ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These conditions cannot help but produce regression to an infantile state. (Ida Macalpine M.D. 1950
Psychoanalytic Quarterly)
I've also found that based on Freud's opinion that when an individual becomes part of a group, his
unconscious mental processes tend to dominate his conscious ones. There are therapist though who
argue that transference can emerge easily in group treatment. Some group therapists agree that
transference is a primary mechanism in group psychotherapy and one from which all other
therapeutic dynamics stem.
There are yet and still other therapists that assert that since group therapy is less artificial than
individual therapy, transference is hastened. A lot of group therapist feels that the mutual support
among patients reduces anxiety and lowers resistance. After reading Wolf's opinion I've found that
one of the most important periods in group analysis is the recognition and resolution of the
transference.
After reading an entry by Mark Dombeck PH.D., I've learned that in his opinion one of the most
important concepts associated with the psychodynamic tradition is the idea of transference.
Transference in this case is an understanding of a person. Where it is being transferred to is onto
another person. When transference is occurring, basically what is happening is that we are trying to
understand someone (usually someone we don't know very well) by making an assumption that they
are similar to

Bortons Reflective Framework Model
Using Bortons (1970) reflective framework model, I am going to reflect on an experience I have had
whilst out in practice with the community mental health team in the North of England. Whilst on
placement I noticed there were numerous referrals of individuals with personality disorder. Whilst in
multi–disciplinary meeting when we used to get these referrals I would very often hear people say
"typical PD" or "well there is nothing our service can do for them". At these times, I was concerned
for the individual's welfare and when speaking to the services users myself, I found it difficult due to
me having limited experiencing working with individuals who have a diagnosis of personality
disorder (PD). Because of this, I have decided to look up possible research ideas regarding PD. To
see if there was a different type of medications, therapies and other services which are available to
individuals with varied diagnosis of PD. From my experience and observations of working on acute
wards, I found that health care professionals aren't sure how to treat or mange service users with PD
sometimes. According to the American Psychiatric Association (2001) the primary treatment for
personality disorders is psychotherapy, complemented by pharmacotherapy to treat symptoms
during periods of acute decompensation. Therefore, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The effectiveness of psychotherapy was assessed over a 60 month period after baseline. A total of
205 patients with PDNOS were assigned to one of the six treatment modalities. The study
population were selected for treatment from six mental health centres in the Netherlands. The
patients had to go through an intake procedure which consisted of one or two assessment sessions
and semi–structured interviews for PDNOS diagnosis and

Group Therapy Psychotherapy
The purpose of this research is to outline alternative therapeutic cures for individuals or patients
with posttraumatic stress within a group setting. In particular, those suffering from post sexual abuse
and non–psychotic mental health disorders in order to improve the mental well being of the
individual. The research focuses on the impact group therapy has to help the patient to realize that
those suffering are not alone and that other people are going through similar, if not the same,
personal mental struggles. The research also shows that through group therapy, different therapeutic
methods are used such as art therapy and musical therapy. Through these therapeutic methods, it
may help to further acknowledge the thinking style of a patient, ... Show more content on
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(Pfeifer, 2010). This alternative therapy was originally designed to help an individual to recover
direct memories, increase self–esteem, and to help contain control over feelings of traumatic
memories. (Crone, O'Connell, Tyson, Clark–Stone, Opher, James, 2013). Individuals with post
trauma due to sexual abuse tend to feel intimidated by verbal expression of their personal
experience. Art therapy is studied as a successful alternative therapy method of psychotherapy given
the specific study group of post sexual abuse trauma. Studies have proven that art therapy helps to
release tension and minimizes anxiety levels to bring out and find an act of external expression
providing aide to deal with difficult and negative life experiences. Non–verbal communication is
used as an emotional indicator between an individual and a group. (Pfeifer, 2010). Art therapy,
therefore, not only eliminates tension through verbal communication but also helps work through
issues leading to a greater understanding of the cognitive state of a suffering individual. Words go a
long way but colors and figures on a canvas can scream a louder sense of

Group Phychotherapy Case Study
Introduction to Group Psychotherapy
The practice of group psychotherapy in clinical settings have been started from hundred years ago
(Razaghi et al., 2015). As such, since the 1960s, group psychotherapy of serious neurotic disorders
in a day unit setting has been widely developed in Eastern European countries. Group
psychotherapy for inpatient is offered for patients who, due to the disabling intensity of their
symptoms, function abnormally and, therefore, have a poor quality of life, and are admitted for few
months intensive treatment in day clinic settings (Suszek, Holas, Wyrzykowski, Lorentzen &
Kokoszka, 2015). As a matter of fact, there is a difference between inpatient and outpatient group
psychotherapy. Regarding differences between ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Everyone will begin with an exercise of progressive muscle relaxation and giving a short summary
of their current circumstance before the session start. Mindfulness–based exercises often to be used
as a closing exercise in the group program. Usually, all sessions will be closed by asking questions,
such as 'How do you feel at this moment? What have you learnt today?' (Ruesch, Helmes & Bengel,
2015). In a spiritual religious group, topics of discussion in the sessions are as first session:
introduction, an explanation regarding objectives and provisions of the group, the advantages of
group therapy, talking over depression and suicide, explaining the topics of upcoming sessions and
assignments; second session: prayer; third session: reading Quran and understanding the meaning;
fourth session: concern with forgiveness and clemency; fifth session: repentance; sixth session:
concentration on the silent thought; seventh session: talking over religious disciplines; eighth
session: serving others and doing advance services; ninth session: patience, and tenth session:
reliance on God (Ebrahimi, Kazemi, Khoshknab & Modabber,

Depression Symptoms And Treatment Of Depression
If you 've been treated for depression but your symptoms haven 't improved, you may have
treatment–resistant depression. Taking an antidepressant or going to psychological counseling
(psychotherapy) eases depression symptoms for most people. But with treatment–resistant
depression, standard treatments aren 't enough. They may not help much at all, or your symptoms
may improve, only to keep coming back. If your primary care doctor prescribed antidepressants and
your depression symptoms continue despite treatment, ask your doctor if he or she can recommend a
medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental health conditions (psychiatrist).
The psychiatrist will review your medical history and may: Ask about life situations ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For some people, it takes even longer. Increase your dose. Because people respond to medications
differently, you may benefit from a higher dose of medication than is usually prescribed. Ask your
doctor whether this is an option for you – don 't change your dose on your own. Switch
antidepressants. For a number of people, the first antidepressant tried isn 't effective. You may need
to try several before you find one that works for you. Add another type of antidepressant. Your
doctor may prescribe two different classes of antidepressants at the same time. That way they 'll
affect a wider range of brain chemicals linked to mood. These chemicals are neurotransmitters that
include dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. Add a medication generally used for another
condition. Your doctor may prescribe a medication that 's generally used for another mental or
physical health disorder, along with an antidepressant. This approach, known as augmentation, may
include antipsychotics, mood stabilizers (lithium or anti–seizure medications), anti–anxiety
medications, thyroid hormone, beta blockers, stimulants or other drugs. Consider the cytochrome
P450 (CYP450) genotyping test. This test checks for specific genes that indicate how well your
body can process (metabolize) a medication. Because of inherited (genetic) traits that cause
variations in certain P450 enzymes, medications may affect each person differently.

Persuasion And Healing : A Comparative Study Of...
A Review of Dr. Jerome and Julia Frank's Book; Persuasion and Healing: A Comparative Study of
Psychotherapy
Name
Institution A Review of Dr. Jerome and Julia Frank's Book; Persuasion and Healing: A Comparative
Study of Psychotherapy
Introduction
In an attempt to further examine the nature of the therapeutic process and its effects on change,
Jerome Frank joined forces with his daughter, Julia Frank, as co–author to the latest edition of his
book called, Persuasion and healing: A comparative study of psychotherapy. The book's main
theoretical model points revolve around healing in all forms during psychotherapy and the role of
persuasion and rhetoric in that process. To illustrate the diverse forms of help cross–culturally, he
examines religious healing, reorganizing thoughts, placebo effects, empirical studies of persuasion,
and psychotherapy. Also, he considers the supports surrounding his belief about the effectiveness of
specific common features in psychotherapy than anything else. In this paper, I will focus on Frank &
Frank's common factors and how they facilitate a healing setting in psychotherapy.
Review
Before we begin discussing the common factors, we must explore Frank's definition of
psychotherapy. According to Frank, psychotherapy alludes to a situation that involves three key
influential elements; a healing agent, a sufferer, and a healing relationship. A healing agent is an
individual trained in a healing method that is approved by the

Journal Articles Summary: Group Psychotherapy
Running Head: JOURNAL ARTICLES SUMMARY Journal Articles Summary: Group
Psychotherapy Self–disclosure in Psychotherapy Supervisors: Gender Differences This journal
article discusses the issue of self–disclosure in psychotherapy, which is greatly affected by the
gender differences. The relationship between the supervisors and the trainees is very much
dependent upon the relation of the two. Sometimes they become so familiar with each other that
they get involve in sexual relationships, which is unethical and creates the bad impression of
supervisors. The article suggested a way of creating understanding between trainee and supervisor
by self–disclosure as the trainees who self–disclose themselves feel more connected to the
supervisors. However, an issue highlighted related with self–disclosure was of gender, which
according to the authors influence the supervisory process. The authors performed two studies; one
for studying the role of self–disclosure and other for differences of gender. The results showed that
the trainees and supervisors of the medical profession have different opinions regarding the gender
role behaviors and differential socialization patterns about appropriate self–disclosure in
psychotherapy supervision. Psychotherapy Supervision in the 1990s: Some Observations and
Reflections In this article, the author Edward Watkins discusses ten ideas or conclusions about the
psychotherapy supervision. These ten points highlight the several psychotherapy

Comparing Two Psychotherapy Groups
Overall regardless of which type of group the purpose is to provide a therapeutic expeince for the
participant. Consequently, clarify and hope are some of the fundamental desires that counselors
should be pursuing to instill in their clients conscious. Equally important is that clients retain a
mindfulness about information and tools they need to make changes and to support clients.
Furthermore, the group interaction provide members a median to experiment with novel behavior
and receive honest feedback from peers concerning the efforts of their behavior (Corey, Corey , &
Corey, 2014).
The two therapeutic groups that increase members' knowledge and have distinctive purposes are
counseling and psychotherapy (Corey, Corey , & Corey, 2014). ... Show more content on
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The purpose of psychotherapy is for "reconstructing major personality reconstruction major
personality dimensions" (Corey, Corey , & Corey, 2014, p. 11). Equally important, is the counselor's
ability to overcome resistance that fosters a realistic, cognitive, and multiple client or social centered
approaches as well as maintaining a secure environment for the self–expression, exploration of
complicated areas. Moreover, group dynamics should expound on helping members understand how
past experiences and help members incorporate new perspectives. In addition, therapist should be
experienced identifying and handling disturbed populations, i.e. transference, anxiety, depression,
adjustment disorder, etcetera in from an evidence based theoretical or technique approach.
In contrast psychotherapy group is designed to ameliorate psychological problems from a
unconscious and conscious awareness, whereas counseling group is constructed to service clients
dealing with conscious problems. Not to mention, counseling groups maybe open structure in which
participants shape the direction of the group. Conversely, psychotherapy group should incorporate a
limited client–centered approach but theorist normally foster techniques specifically desired to
address psychological issues rooted through reexperience, interpretation of resistance or

Counseling, Psychotherapy, And Psychoeducational Group Essay
Counseling, Psychotherapy, or Psychoeducational Group In considering that a group on aging is
centered on a particular theme, a psychoeducational group would be most appropriate. Corey (2010)
suggests that the elderly may benefit from a psychoeducational structure as groups of this nature not
only provide the opportunity to connect with members within the group, but teach members the
skills they need to learn how to foster relationships and support systems beyond the group. Many
older individuals, especially those within nursing or retirement homes, face isolation and loneliness
as they have been removed from their friends and family primarily due to health reasons. Friends
and family may visit often, but being separated from one's home, community, and family unit, which
can take a toll on an individual's mental and emotional well being. Attending a psychoeducational
group on successful aging might provide people a way to connect with their peers, while providing
tools and coping skills to achieve a sense of meaning outside of the group. Co–leader Considerations
For a psychoeducational group on aging, a comfortable and light rapport should exist between the
co–leaders (Corey, 2010). This will not only put the members at ease, but will make for a more
successful session for the co–leaders as they can bounce the concerns and ideas they may have off of
each other before and after each session. Additionally, it would likely be easier for members to trust
and confide in

Group Psychotherapy Theory
After reading the book "The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy", the author Irvin D.
Yalom provides a complete context of group psychotherapy standards. The specification of research,
developments and topics makes this book to be rather knowledgeable. Chapter 1 consists of the
therapeutic factors, chapter 5 reflects on the tasks of group therapist, and chapter 12 on the advanced
group, as we will get into further detail throughout this paper on the interactional focus of group
therapy.
Chapter 1 covers a variety of important topics that contribute to the effectiveness of group
counseling. This chapters touches base with group therapy and the effectiveness of group counseling
as a form of psychotherapy. The therapeutic factors introduced ... Show more content on
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As mentioned, the job of a therapist to create the machinery of therapy, to set it in motion, and to
keep it operating with the maximum effectives (Yalom, 2005). First and foremost, the relationship
between clients and therapist must be established for specific tasks and techniques to be of quality
effectiveness. The group therapy for the therapist is indirect, which underlies the difference of roles
in a group setting and on a one–to one. One fundamental tasks is the creation and maintenance of
the group by the group leader that serves as unifying force. Concepts and techniques are vital to
process group creation to provide consistency. Expose the importance of key factors to provide a
safe and stable environment that illuminates positives vibes; rather than conflict or resistance
between members. Groups obviously are constructed from a diverse population with co–occurring
conditions, and of course certain group members may be cooperative but others may cause
disruptiveness. This is where the therapist needs a balance and make adjustments as needed to
provide a good practice during group

Theory Of Group Development : Group Dynamics And Counseling
Theory of Group Development
Group Dynamics and Counseling
CP 6642
Marjorie Morales
Theory of Group Development Psychotherapy is defined as a relationship marked by a goal. The
benefits of group therapy can be very effective when changes require the support amongst group
members (Tasca & Francis, 2014). Group psychotherapy is considered as field of clinical practice
and an approach specific to the field of psychotherapy (Tasca & Francis, 2014). All group therapy is
intended to relieve illnesses, worries and or troubles with the help of a qualified therapist and or
leader (Campbell & Brigman, 2005). What distinguishes group therapy from other methods is the
use of interaction with the group itself as an agent of change. Psychotherapeutic methods are very
numerous but retain the encounter of individuals influencing each other (Campbell & Brigman,
2005). The professional expert will attempt to guide the group towards a change of perspective, a
different perspective, which will lead that person to reverse its position and connect with the group
in general through a series of therapeutic tools (Lepper & Mergenthaler, 2005). The Psychoanalytic
Therapy Approach was created by Sigmund Freud a neuropsychiatrist of Vienna (Corey, 2013). It is
the basis of psychoanalysis that has been obtained in the development of different schools of deep
psychology or analytical and dynamic orientation. The same theory has influenced many other
psychological therapies

Bipolar Disorder : A Major Impact On The Social,...
Bipolar disorder is a highly intermittent illness often beginning in the critical life period of late
adolescence and early adulthood. Bipolar disorder can have a major impact on the social,
educational and occupational development of individuals. Psychotherapy has been found to treat
people with a mental disorder by helping them understand their illness. It teaches people strategies
and gives them tools to deal with stress, unhealthy thoughts, and unhealthy behaviors.
Psychotherapy helps patients manage their symptoms better and function at their best in everyday
life. Sometimes psychotherapy alone may be the best treatment for a person, depending on the
illness and its severity. Other times, psychotherapy may need to be combined with medications to
get the best outcome or treatment. Therapists will work diligently with individuals and families to
devise an appropriate treatment plan. Not always, will it be easy to fine the appropriate treatment or
balanced treatment for the patient and family on the first therapy visit. That being said, it can
sometimes prolong a recovery or make the patient and family noncompliant. By far, the researchers
and healthcare professionals know that the best and most effective treatment for bipolar disorder is
early diagnosis and early intervention. So, it takes everyone to work as a team including the patient
and family to be successful towards the road to recovery. Keywords: bipolar disorder,
psychotherapy, medication,

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