Christianity And Church History During The 20Th Century

Christianity And Church History During The 20th Century
It is common and preferable to study history from above–through the lens of the predominant
culture or through the actions of a famous figure. Yet, learning history from below allows us to gain
insight from the feelings and emotions of those affected, in addition to learning a story or history
that is hidden when studied from above. The story is told from the perspective of the common
people or individual. In this paper, the history of Christianity will told from below. It will be told
from the prospective of an individual who was born and lived in South Africa in the middle 20th
century, during apartheid. First, this paper will briefly discuss the beginning of Christianity in South
Africa. Second, it will discuss Christianity and church history during the 20th century, which is the
main time period referenced in the paper. Third, it will discuss church history from the oral account
of and viewed through the life of Joy Hepkin, a black South African who currently resides in the
United States. The fourth sections will provide a reflection on the personal value gained from this
oral history and the value of oral history for ministry today.
PRELUDE
In order to gain a personal perspective on the history of Christianity in South Africa, Joy Hepkin, a
coworker, was interviewed. Joy is a registered oncology nurse. Joy was born in South Africa and
spent most of her time there living in Johannesburg. She is married and her husband is a pastor. Joy
was interview over a
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Sin: Can It Be Used In Scripture?
"If we claim to be without sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us (1 John 1:8 New
Living Translation)." Given we were born into a sinful world, it is not shocking to discern, as flawed
human beings, we sin often. Yet, with this knowledge, each day we are left questioning ourselves
about the true meaning of sin. What really is sin? There is adequately enough Biblical evidence to
help answer this question. To begin, here are three prime examples used in Scripture to support this
claim: First, we can weigh in on Greek folklore, of the seven deadly sins: lust, sloth, gluttony, anger,
pride, envy, and greed ( )." Which our early church fathers referred in "religious context, as an act of
violating God's will by transgressing his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
equal pay or recognition for females as our male counterparts (Jones, page 70)." Ideally, she goes on
to say, "Christian tradition demands serious reflection on the depth to which persons can "fall" in
their brokenness and their participation in the breaking of others (Jones, page 70)." What a profound
statement! From my personal experience shared above, in my assessment, this brokenness may be
for men to no longer be blinded by their sinful pride or greed, which marginalizes us as women.
First, to recognize this truth, we must begin a vigorous dialogue about the nature of women's
oppression in context of Christian theology, by the injustices imposed on women versus those of
men. Essentially, in professional settings, we must be regarded and empowered as persons with
distinctive talents and gifts apart from our femininity, fully capable of making great contributions to
any leadership role we worked just as hard to

David Walker: Analysis of the Appeal Essay
David Walker's Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in particular, and very expressly to
those of the United States of America, "promoted racial solidarity and moral elevation with fervor,"
and is as much a political source as it is religious. His Appeal adamantly argues against oppression
and slavery while encouraging a vivacious and lively spirit amongst the black community, in the
hopes of promoting unity and diminishing the acceptance of mistreatment from their white
counterparts. To convey this message, which was presented in a mannerism that was extremely
radical, Walker uses the bible and what can most clearly be defined as a Methodist theology to
support his stance on the issues of society.
David Walker was "born a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In writing the Appeal, Walker was looking to initiate a drastic move amongst the black population of
The United States of America. Those who believe in the Methodist doctrine believe that all people
are created by God, in His image, and regardless of sex, race, or color, all people have the same
inherent rights and Walker, who was adamant about change, incorporated this belief throughout his
writing. His appeal to the American public however was not only to abolish slavery, but once slaves
were free, to allow them all the Biblical rights they are due, as the Egyptians had to do when the
Israelis were freed from slavery under Pharaoh. As an abolitionist urging black people, free and
enslaved, to rise up against their oppressors by any means necessary, especially by violence,
Walker's purpose in writing the Appeal was to persuade his audience that enough was enough and
that the time had come to take a political, social, and economical change.
According to Hinks, Methodists were usually more willing to place "the powerful God of
Christianity... on the side of social and political justice." One religious message that Walker conveys
through this Appeal that supports this claim, was

John Storm Roof: A Bible Study
June 17, 2015, a dreadful shooting that occurred during a bible study service in Emanuel African
Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina. Dylann Storm Roof, age 22, killed nine
people, all African American, and one injured that left everyone speechless that night. Before the
shooting, a white man with a handgun enter the church while he was soon identifies as Dylann Roof
by several people, then open fire and killed nine people including the Senior Pastor and State
Senator. After the shooting, Roof was soon the center of a manhunt that ended the next morning
after the shooting. Before all this incident occurred, Roof wasn't planning to go after the church, but
he had different plan. According to his childhood friend, Roof was ... Show more content on
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He lived in a broken family where the lack of comunication didn't really exitisted. His parents were
divorced, but then Dylann father remarried a women, so I think this had to affect Dylann childhood.
He watched his dad verbally abusing his step mother and him as well, and this could probably led
Dylann thinking " oh it's okay to abuse and hurt people". When children see this situation occuring
in the family, it can affect some children through out their life. Dylann drop out in the nine grade,
and on his 19th birthday he received a hand gun as a gift. He spend his time mostly in his room,
playing video game, getting drunk, and was taking execessive amount of drug. I also think that he
was trying to get attention, because it mention how he told his friends that he was going to attack the
Collage of Charleston, but he wasn't able to due to security. So instead he attacked the church. I
truly think what caused Dylann to comitte this crime is because he lived in a broken family where
his dad was verbally abusive, was always in his room playing video game and probably the video
game that he played had kiling in it, was taking excessive amount of drug and getting drunk. Dylann
Roof wasn't born to kill people but he learned by watching all the problems that had happen through
out his

Family and Church Essay
Family and Church: Enduring Institutions
I. General Family Life
As a result of myths of white family life, there has been much confusion over the nature of black
families. One of the myths of the nineteenth century entails the close– knit white family, which was
parallel to that of the European family. Also, as a result of these myths, scholars often ignored the
differences of American and European life. For example, women in frontier areas had a much
stronger voice in family affairs than most scholars realized, simply because of the shortage of
women. Therefore, women exercised a large percentage of authority in the family. In the cities
where family was of little importance as an economic unit and the ... Show more content on
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American societies generally forbade extramarital sex yet regarded sexual intercourse as a healthy,
natural act unconnected with sin. The enslavement of the African resulted in the evolution of new
family practices. Men were forced to share authority with women and parents no longer completely
shaped the destiny of their children.
II. White Church Support for the Slave Family
The slave family received its primary institutional support from southern white churches. In some
sermons prepared only for slaves, ministers stressed biblical prohibitions against premarital sexual
intercourse, adultery, fornication and the separation of mates.
Southern clergymen considered the family second only to the church as a force that insured morality
abandoned attempts to abolish slavery in the first decades of the nineteenth century. Clergymen were
forced to determine the relationship between bondage, marriage, property, and Christianity.
Due to their concern with morality, the churches began in the 1740's to insist that the slaves be
married in Christian ceremonies. Many denominations required ministers to perform slave
weddings. The churches frequently investigated charges of adultery and fornication and tried to
promote the development of Christian family practices in the

Richard Allen 's Freedom Of Religion
It was a time where slavery and racism were at an all time high in America when Richard Allen
bought his freedom from his master in 1786. He had been born into slavery in 1760 and was sold
with his family to a new master at a very young age. This in itself was fortunate since many slave
families were separated when they were sold. Allen would go on to become the founder of the first
national black church in the United States and become one of the most influential black leaders and
activists in America. He fought for religious rights, education for black children, rights for blacks,
and against slavery. He was a founder for the Free African Society and was also a participating
member of the Underground Railroad to help runaway slaves. Richard Allen dedicated his life trying
to better the quality of life for those is his community as well as all blacks in the United States, both
the free and the enslaved.
Since the United States was founded, freedom of religion has always been a fundamental right that
the colonists sought after and fought for. It was this very same principle and right that was being
denied to many african americans and Richard Allen wanted the black community to have their own
church. At the time, blacks were sometimes allowed into white churched but they were segregated
and made to sit in the worst seats. They were also often times forced to leave if white people wanted
their seats. It was because of this discrimination that Richard Allen decided to found

A Brief Note On Hunger And Food Insecurity
II. The Issue A. In your own words, describe the presenting issue facing the community. In our
current economic crisis, many people have had to make tough choices and have ended up unable to
provide food for themselves and the ones they love. In Florida, we are faced with an alarming
number of people who are hungry without a secure source of food for themselves and their families.
B. Research and Trends (please use more than one source when answering this question) In 2006,
CNSTAT(The Committee on National Statistics) asked the USDA to clarify and make a clear
distinction between hunger and food insecurity. What the USDA came back with was the following
definitions (USDA, 2014): "Food insecurity, is a household–level economic and social condition of
limited or uncertain access to adequate food. Hunger is an individual–level physiological condition
that may result from food insecurity" (USDA, 2014, CNSTAT Review and Recommendations, para.
3). One of the main causes of food insecurity is Poverty. In 2012, the percentage of adults and
children afflicted by poverty in Pinellas County was calculated, and the percentage they found with
was a startling and quite worrisome number. It was estimated that 14% of adults and 21% of
children in Pinellas County are in poverty. That's over 130,000 Pinellas County residents who are in
poverty and may not be able to afford their next meal (Pinellas County, 2014). While Pinellas
County is suffering with a serious poverty and food

Gun Violence Essay
In the African American community, 83 percent of homicides are due to gun violence. In black
communities gun violence is commonly misunderstood as gang affiliation, which is false. Studies
show over 50 percent of gun crimes committed were not related to a felony, but were due to some
disagreement. The gun epidemic in predominantly black communities aren't just disagreements, but
race wars, police brutality, gang related, and even no reason at all.
Charleston Church Shooting On June 17, 2015 in Charleston, North Carolina, Dylann Roof walked
into the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal church during bible study and proceeded to opened
fire, taking the lives of 9 African American church members. Roof, with no regrets about the
massacre he committed, believes he had no other choice than to take the lives of innocent men and
women. Roof, who believed himself to be a white supremacist, designed his own logo with his
initials, a swastika, and the number 88, an abbreviation for the Natzi salute.
Police Brutality Michael Brown, an unarmed eighteen–year–old teen , was shot to death by a
Ferguson, Missouri police officer. Due to this unneeded assault protest breaks out in Ferguson
during the candlelight vigil for Brown. Ferguson police officer, Darren Wilson, not walks free of any
charges. On July 6, 2016, 32–year–old Philando Castile was shot and killed by Minnesota police
officer Jeronimo Yanez after being pulled over at a traffic stop. Castile informs Yanez that he is
armed and

`` Rosa Young : Life + Christ = Success?
"ROSA YOUNG: LIFE + CHRIST = SUCCESS" Introduction It is presumed when the word
"missionary" is mentioned, the person who it is referred to has taken a trip outside of their country
of origin. By definition, a missionary is, "a person who is sent to a foreign country to do religious
work (such as to convince people to join a religion or to help people who are sick, poor, etc.)."
Although, the definition is both board and specific, what about those who served as a missionary in
a country that at one time had been segregated by the color of race? An invisible line drawn across
our Nation that kept those of race, social class and gender separated from doing Gods divine work.
Most of us ignore or could not imagine that things of this nature would keep a person from
completing Gods tasks. If by happenstance a woman of color overcame such adversities would it
then encourage us as Christians to continue our efforts to advance the kingdom of God? The answer
is unknown, however; the work of missionaries continues on. The work of a missionary can be
summarized as one who is sent into a region (neighborhood, city, state or country) to engage in
evangelism. One who promotes a ministry of service that educates in areas like literacy, social
justice, health care and economic development. A calling by God that is referenced by many
religious organizations as the Great Commission in the book of Matthew, "Go ye therefore, and
teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the

Essay on Civil Rights Activist Rosa Parks
Civil rights activist Rosa Parks was born on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. At the age of
two she moved to her grandparents' farm in Pine Level, Alabama with her mother and younger
brother, Sylvester. At the age of 11 she enrolled in the Montgomery Industrial School for Girls, a
private school founded by liberal–minded women from the northern United States. The school's
philosophy of self–worth was consistent with Leona McCauley's advice to "take advantage of the
opportunities, no matter how few they were." Her refusal to surrender her seat to a white passenger
on a Montgomery, Alabama bus spurred a city–wide boycott. The city of Montgomery had no choice
but to lift the law requiring segregation on public buses. Rosa Parks ... Show more content on
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Rosa Parks was played by Angela Bassett in the 2002 TV movie The Rosa Parks Story. Three days
after her death in October of 2005, the House of Representative and the Senate approved a
resolution to allow Rosa Parks' body to be viewed in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. Martin Luther King
Jr. is an idol for most people; Rosa Parks was one of them. She admired his bold integrity to stand
up for what is right in equality. Dr. King was a light to the world, because people wanted things to
change, but they were afraid. They did not want to be arrested or attacked. They could boycott. They
could refuse to ride the buses. That would cost the city a lot of money. The city and bus officials
would not like that. This was a way Dr. King was standing up for Rosa. I added Dr. King to Rosa's
friends, because I felt he made a great impact on her life. If it weren't for Martin Luther King's
heroic act in taking charge of the situation, Rosa Parks may have been in jail longer than intended,
with a possible worse penalty. Three other of Rosa's friends that posted on her wall Raymond Parks
(husband), Leona Edwards (mother), and James McCauley (father). Her father was a full time
carpenter and her mother was a teacher. She saw her mother more than her father, but all family time
was limited. Rosa was nineteen when she met Raymond through mutual friends. Raymond was
described to be an immaculate dresser, and considered to be quite

Review Of ' The Ministry Of Music On The Black Church
Introduction and Thesis
Music is an inseparable element of Black life and therefore Black worship. The Black Church
understands worship to be a communal act of adoration towards God that may involve praise or
petition via song, dance, music (use of instruments), recitation, meditation, chanting, and or prayer
(Mason, 2016). According to James Cone, Black music is unity music because it unites...the hope
and despair;...and it moves the people towards the direction of total liberation; and confronts the
individual with the truth of black existence and affirms that black being is possible only in the
communal context (p. 5). It is with this understanding that black people worship through music and
without this understanding worship and music are diluted. J. Wendell Mapson articulated this idea in
his book, The Ministry of Music in the Black Church, when he noted that purpose of worship is
forfeited when singing music that has no relationship to everyday life, and the worshipper becomes
disconnected from the way music and worship have historically served blacks (41). In this same
vain, James Cone asserted that Black music is theological because it reveals how God moves people
towards unity and self–determination.
Such unity and self–determination was evidenced in 1801, when Richard Allen, founder of the
African Methodist Episcopal Church published a hymnal by and for African Americans (Costen,
81). Hymns have served black people in their everyday lives and had and have

Rev. King's Letter From Birmingham Jail
"The church was not merely a thermometer that recorded the ideas and principles of popular
opinion; it was a thermostat that transformed the mores of society." Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,
Letter from Birmingham Jail, April 1963. This quote from Rev. King, Jr. most of the time is linked
to his defense of the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism; but Rev King, Jr was first a Pastor
and a Preacher! I chose this opening because Rev King despite being jailed for protesting, loved the
church, just like apostles Paul, Silas, Peter, and many others. Despite their circumstances and being
able to prophecy their future, they still loved the church and wanted it to better itself. Rev. King
spoke about his love for the church very strongly in this letter and in this letter how he came from a
legacy of preachers (father, grandfather and great grandfather), so he had seen the good and the bad
in the church. So now in the 21st century, has the church, specifically ... Show more content on
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It is not uncommon to hear one ask, "How large is your congregation?" Dr. Robertson said "A large
congregation size in Philadelphia may not be large in a city like Atlanta where more African
Americans tend to fellowship. Church sizes fluctuate and this is not a new phenomenon. Gallop
Studies have shown more people go to church in times of war than in times of peace and more than
40% of Americans claim to attend church or synagogue regularly. These examples lead me to
conclude that Church Administration has not changed. In fact it cannot change because it is based
biblically on the foundation of the bible. Dr. Robertson noted that we need to not only "read" our
history but we should "talk" about our history. Doing this allows us to address issues that may have
happened before and not address them for the first time. If we begin to change the way we
administer God's church we no longer become God's church we are then just an

The Lee Was Born A Free African American Woman
Jarena Lee was born a free African American woman on February 11, 1783 in Cape May, New
Jersey. From birth to seven years old, little was known about her childhood, but what was known
about her childhood was that when Jarena was seven years old, she went off to work as a servant
maid because her family was very poor like most African American families living during this time
period. She was separated from her parents at a very young age, and the house or business she
worked at was almost sixty miles from her hometown of Cape May, which was a tragic ordeal for a
seven year old to experience.
Jarena Lee's parents did not provide religious tolerance in their household, but when she moved
away, she was later exposed to Christian teachings, and that's when she felt deep down in her heart
that she was a "wretched sinner. " She soon began to embrace Christianity with a passion, and
converted after hearing a sermon from a very famous African American preacher, Richard Allen.
Richard Allen was a minister, educator, and a writer during the time of slavery. Many former slaves
sought Allen as the most spiritual and "God–fearing" influential black leader. Richard Allen founded
the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), which was the church Jarena Lee experienced her
conversion at after hearing a sermon from Richard Allen.
The African Methodist Episcopal Church was and still is today known as the A.M.E. church. This
church is a mainly made up of African–American Methodist

The African Methodist Episcopal Church Essay examples
The African Methodist Episcopal Church also known as the AME Church, represents a long history
of people going from struggles to success, from embarrassment to pride, from slaves to free. It is my
intention to prove that the name African Methodist Episcopal represents equality and freedom to
worship God, no matter what color skin a person was blessed to be born with. The thesis is this:
While both Whites and Africans believed in the worship of God, whites believed in the oppression
of the Africans' freedom to serve God in their own way, blacks defended their own right to worship
by the development of their own church. According to Andrew White, a well– known author for the
AME denomination, "The word African means that our church was ... Show more content on
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They were not granted the ability to worship without fear. Fahlbush, stated, "The U.S. Civil War
ended slavery as a political institution. The discord of the war gave African–Americans in the South
freedom to worship among themselves. It was within this period that African–Americans, despite
contrary white opinion, developed and set up churches among themselves". In 1816, Richard Allen
founded the first African–American led church in the country, the African Methodist Episcopal
Church. The African Methodist Episcopal Church was the first major religious denomination in the
western world that originated because of sociological and not theological differences. It was the first
African–American denomination organized and incorporated in the US. The church was established
in what was known as the Blacksmith Shop Meeting House. "By 1786 blacks made up about 10
percent of the Methodist church in the United States, and though whites and blacks often worshiped
together, blacks enjoyed no real freedom or equality. Segregated seating was typical; the area
reserved for blacks was usually called the "Negro Pew" or the "African Corner."
FOUNDING FATHER
Richard Allen born a slave in 1760 and later became one of America's strongest early advocates for
racial equality. Allen was born to a biracial mother and an African father who were both slaves at the
time of his birth. Richard Allen had no formal education, and he taught himself to read. Richard
Allen

Adaptive Leadership In The African Methodist Episcopal Church
INTRODUCTION
This Chapter is more specific about the importance of developing personal adaptive leadership
practices. Learning to understand your internal and external personality and leadership traits will go
a long way in terms of foster creativity, boldness and a clearer understanding of the insides and out
of your own system.
SEE YOURSELF AS THE SYSTEM
In Chapter 13, the authors confer that the in order to understand the leadership traits you possess you
have to see yourself as the system, you have to learn the many facets of who you are and the
environment that created your logic and behavior . Once you have accomplished this feat, you will
have a better ability to properly assess whether or not your skill set will positively or negatively
impact the success of your organization 's. I think this is very important for church leaders especially
Pastors. Quite often in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, we find that many pastors are ill–
equipped to serve in a leadership capacity. Why? Well because quite frankly not every pastor
possesses the same exact skill sets. Some of these skills can be taught and duplicated while others
cannot. Senior Church leadership should look to individually match up and assess each church and
their needs with the right leader and system. Pastors would be best served in keeping their eyes on
the ball while developing a fuller understanding of their own skill sets and abilities and in that same
vein also their own limitations.

First Christian Methodist Episcopal Church Mission Statement
Essay
Written Assignment Unit 2
First Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
Mission Statement
"This team of servant–leaders will teach others to have fervent love for one another by using the
precepts of the Gospel and by following the examples set by our Lord and Savior Christ Jesus. Love
covers the multitude of sins and helps others discover God's plan and purpose in their lives." 1Peter
4:8
The Vision
"To be a Church of servant–leaders where the love of God is preached, taught and demonstrated;
where the boundaries of God's love are extended to those outside the Christian faith." 1John4:8
Since the beginning of time, the way that people, communities and churches deliver the word of
God has evolved into a global multimedia event. Now days the word of God is being delivered in
many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the new formats available today, you can participate in the churches' activities and services at
different times and different ways.
The Mission and Vision of the First Christian Methodist Episcopal Church is based on a Bible
passage form 1 Peter 4: "And above all things have fervent love among yourselves: for love shall
cover the multitude of sins." The First Christian Methodist Episcopal Church believes that their
vision is universal, they help others understand the purpose and the plan that God has for their
Church and their lives.
To achieve the Churches' Mission Statement and the Vision of their Chuch, the Church has
developed may program that assist their community and gets the community involved in this
programs and services. Giving back to the community is the greatest reward for their Church. The
First Christian Methodist Episcopal Church offers; Online Bible, Online Prayers Request, Online
Announcements, Online Giving, Online Calendar of events, Annual

The General Function Of A Female Slave
A slave was then basically anyone who was not white, but color was forced to have a master in
which all of the commands that came out of their mouths definitely would have to be done by a
slave. Many times they were treated badly and none of the slaves had a say in anything that they
would do. Slaves had no rights at all and they were considered basically nothing or a piece of
property; a property in which masters could share and buy slaves for themselves. White people who
could afford to buy a slave would. Slaves were mainly used for manual labor. The general function
of a female slave was mainly to do chores, while men, on the other hand grew crops and worked in
many other different things that involved a "men's job".
As a young girl who became a slave Biddy Mason can certainly relate to the definition of slave. At a
young age for a long time Biddy was considered as a Black slave woman who was illiterate. In other
words she could not read or write. She worked as a nurse and a midwife and traveled from
Mississippi to California to be able to become a successful businesswoman and a generous
contributor to social causes. Bridgett "Biddy" Mason was born a slave, August 15, 1818. No one
knows the location in which she was born in, but many people predict that she was born in Georgia,
while others predict more likely she may have been born in Mississippi. Biddy was given the name
"Bridget" without a last name. Since Bitty was a slave at the time she was given to Robert

Martin Luther King Jr.
After Martin Luther King Jr. presenting his speech known as "I have a dream" on March 1963, now
five decades has passed. We were once again forced to ask ourselves: did we yet have a long way?
A 21–year–old white man, Dylann Roof, killed nine African–American people at the Emanuel
African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, S.C. on Wednesday, June 17. They gathered for
Bible study. The mass murder has acted as an anti–black racist with radical violent statements of
African–Americans. Mr. Roof posted a few views of flying the white power flag on his Facebook
page several days before the tragedy. And his friend said that signs had been showed up but nobody
took it serious. The news shocked the nation since the struggles of race have been brought up
several times among the year. People around the nation mourned the deaths after the tragedy
happened. At the same time, similar issues happen repeatedly lead people to self–examine. No
matter the massacre occurred in Charleston, the police shooting in Cleveland or Boston, all of these
facts lead us to a same destination: the conflicts between the people in different skin tone. Although
52 years from the date of the speech delivered have passed, these issues are still there. Moreover,
they even go further on an unexpected path.
Mr. Roof, the mass murder, picked up the view of anti–black evidently on his Facebook page a few
days before he finally sat in the church. As his friend said, Mr. Roof claimed to "start a civil

Biography Of Jacqueline Bacon, African American Writer,...
Jacqueline Bacon, African American writer, quoted Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm in her
essay Freedom's Journal, The First African–American Newspaper: " We wish to plead our own
cause. Too long have others spoken for us" (Brown 13). This quote gave slaves a sense of
empowerment to stand up for themselves and no longer be property, but people. The Freedom
Journal is the first African American newspaper that was published in March 16, 1827 in New York
City by free black men Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm. They felt that a national newspaper
will give them a chance to have freedom to voice their opinions about public debates. Through their
process of creating their newspaper they endured many trials of deal with hatred and being criticized
for their choices. Through the time of creating the newspaper they were able to establish a black free
communities. " Beginning in the 1780s, a first generation of leaders began to address issues if
identity, self–determination, and group consciousness. They did so against a backdrop of racism,
oppression, violence, and tension within the new republic about slavery and the place of free African
American in the nation" ( Brown 14). Richard Allen, Frederick Douglass, and Solomon Northrup are
leaders for overcoming slavery, shaping African American history, and creating a community for
blacks to come together. These three influential people pleaded their case to gain their own voice
and identity.
Richard Allen was born a slave in

The African American Church
preached the gospel of the kingdom of God, (3) He met the needs of people, (4) He made disciples
through the power of the Spirit, and (5) He gave His life as a sacrifice. These are the keys to true
biblical ministry.
Understanding the African–American Church and the Pastor
The Black [African American] Church
A.B. Scott defines the Black[ African American] Church as "those independent, historic, and totally
Black controlled denominations which constituted the core of black Christians" Clarence Bunch, in
his thesis, "Servant Leadership and African American Pastors' suggests that
The African American church has stood as a center for social and educational support and survival
for African– Americans. Dwayne K. Pickett, in his research on ... Show more content on
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Howell in his article "The Role of the Black Minister in his Parish Ministry" suggests that the
African American Pastor is the head of his church. He is the chief staff person and, in some
churches, the only professionally employed person. It is expected of him/her to be able to carry the
church forward. The pastor must be the guiding personality in the congregation. The pastor's
administrative role unlocks many complications for his/her ministry to the people. As he/she directs
the members in planning and implementing the program, many occasions are presented for
comforting and aiding the religious needs of groups and

Open Door Policy Persuasive Essay
Do you believe the people of Charleston should have done more in this situation than just forgive?
Why or why not? I do not believe that the people of Charleston should have done more in the
situation of what they faced. On June 17, during a shooting at the Emmanuel African Methodist
Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina, nine people were killed during a Bible study
session by a troubled, 21–year–old boy, Dylann Roof. This situation, although disastrous, was
handled in a very peaceful and respectful way. The days following the events that unfolded showed
that people do not need violence, anger, and hate, to push their words into society. I feel that these
citizens, who mourned the loss of lives of innocent people, fulfilled a manner of respect to those
who passed away. I do feel, however, that I personally would have a harder time forgiving someone
for such monstrous acts. I am not religious, but no matter what, it isn't a thought I turn away from.
Everyone finds something to believe in. In a time of so much hate that we ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If they deem in necessary, then they can, but from what I have seen, this policy had allowed many to
turn their life around. The open door policy in churches allows anyone who feels the need to find a
path that they see fit for their life. If these policies are to change, it many cut off a life line that
someone is seeking. Churches go against their mission if they change their open door policy. For a
short time, that was the only place I knew anyone, and, although I don't attend for find religion to be
a part of my path anymore, that is something that allowed me to see people in a way of faith,
nonjudgement, and love. These people have a want to come together and feel a part of something
bigger, and taking that away from them would be awful. Everyone has the right to attend church in
my opinion, but placing that on lock down, and not allowing anyone in, makes it more

My Experience At Bethel African Methodist Church
t a really tough time in my life, I set out to search for a connection with God. I visited many
churches and denominations. I wasn't sure what I was searching for and if I'd recognize it when I
found it. While looking for a Bible, I called and subsequently visited the bookstore of the Bethel
African Methodist Episcopal Church in Baltimore, Maryland. While in the bookstore I felt
welcomed and cared for. That visit prompted me to attend the upcoming worship service. Upon
arrival, I felt a connection to the environment and people. Behind the pulpit there is a large multi–
colored mural with scenes from various functions of life. The artist depicted the people with multi–
ethnic physical features. This certainly was not a Michael Angelo rendition. I felt a sense of
belonging. The pastor used Psalm 51 for his text. Although the topic of sin was a part of his sermon,
the message that I heard was one of mercy, love, acceptance, deliverance and restoration. My
experience at Bethel felt like a great burden was lifted; I felt free. I was no longer alone; I found a
community of people who were also on a spiritual journey. Although I had been in therapy for a
number of years prior to my profession of faith, it was my new found relationship with God that
empowered me to make some personal changes. I describe my conversion experience with three
terms: liberation, empowerment and community. My connection with the African Methodist
Episcopal Church (AME Church) came as a

The Importance Of Leadership
What new insights about yourself have you gained during this Intensive As a result of this intensive
session, I now have a clearer understanding of how and why my spiritual autobiography and my
church context intersect in the formulation of a topical thread for my ongoing research. Likewise,
from the plenary, there were a plethora of themes covered during morning sessions pertaining to the
Gospel of Matthew, Chapter 13, and the "Parable of the Sower." These sessions were about growth
and maturity, and had a direct connection to the adaptive challenges within my church. As leaders
we must be careful not to fall into "thorn" like activity; such as being caught up in comparing one
church to another, material wealth, internal politics & ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This I believe also connects with the idea of growing in our relationships, rootedness and relevancy
as spiritual leaders also mentioned in our morning sessions. What new information have your gained
in this Intensive that will be important to your doctoral work? The doctoral process is much like
growing a garden. It takes time, it takes patience, and it's hard work. Some things you try initially
may not bear much fruit, while other attempts or methods may provide an abundance of resources
that will produce a wealth of information useful to our projects. One thing is for certain; as leaders
you must to till (turn over) the land so that when you are researching you can rest assure that no
stone has been left untouched by your Literature Review. It is also important to understand historical
information; as it provides data on what was successful in the past as well as what approaches
resulted in failures. As leaders we must pay critical attention to detail, otherwise we run the risk of
our research becoming irrelevant to the scholarly body of work we are trying to add to. Much like
the Black church of today change is implemented at a snail's pace while the church maintains
historical and cultural practices it deems critical, but irrelevant to many

Argumentative Essay On Charleston Church Shooting
The Charleston church shooting was a mass shooting and hate crime that took place at the Emanuel
African Methodist Episcopal Church in downtown Charleston, South Carolina. This took place
during the evening of June 17, 2015. This shook the entire world and was heard all over the news.
Nine people including the pastor were killed by the gunman Dylann Roof, A 21–year–old white
supremacist. Fortunately, three people survived the Charleston church massacre. The next day after
the attack, police arrested Roof in Shelby, North Carolina. He confessed to committing the shooting
hoping to start a race war. He had a website that described his motives and what was going through
his head. He specifically targeted one of the US oldest black churches. Roof wrote "I have no
choice. I am not in the position to, alone, go into the ghetto and fight. I chose Charleston because it
is most historic city in my state, and at one time had the highest ratio of blacks to Whites in the
country. We have no skinheads, no real KKK, no one doing anything on the internet. Well someone
has to have the bravery to take it to the real world, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Roof made a list of churches and his "selection of victims" and described that he wanted to target
churchgoers attending Bible study to magnify the societal impact of his crimes. The website he
created and posted his 2,000–word document, towards the end of it under a section called "An
Explanation," he described why he chose the Charleston church. Roof posted pictures of himself
with a .45–caliber Glock pistol, taking aim with the gun and pointing in front of a sign that says,
"Sacred burial site. Our African ancestors." He also posted pictures of himself outside of South
Carolina's Museum and Library of Confederate History and himself standing on and burning an
American

The Diversity Of The African American Community
Individuals throughout history have always identified and associated themselves with community
based a variety of attributes such as religious beliefs and ethnicity. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
further supports that being a part of a community is an intrinsic movement that motivates human
behaviour, as people feel emotionally stable when they identify themselves as a part of a
community. Thus, the building associated with communal identity is often dictated by the growth or
decline of the community itself. By examining the evolution of community buildings in relation to
the progression of the African American community in the United States of America, it is evident
that the psychological human needs have influenced the progression of the buildings.
Every community evolves from people alike, whether this is by race, religious beliefs or interests.
The African–American community was an outcome of racial discrimination and bigotry in America.
The enslavement of Africans in America began in 1619 and continued until President Lincoln issued
the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring "that all persons held as slaves... shall be free" in 1865
(Levine, 1996). Although former slaves received the rights of citizenship and the "equal protection
of the Constitution in the 14th Amendment (1866), their freed status remained precarious and
provisions of the Constitution were often ignored or violated. According to Levine and Urofsky, a
great majority of the "whites" believed that "blacks"

Analysis Of The Book ' Darwin 's Plantation '
The book Darwin's Plantation begins by showing many of the preconceived ideas that were
swarming around the United States in the early 1900's. Things like racial superiority, genocide,
racism, and even murder could be justified by the ideas that Charles Darwin planted.
Experimentation on Negroes was very common to see, most tests were used to prove that those of
color were less than those who were white. Though some of the information that was found actually
proved some positive things about the African American race, however that information was never
released. These ideas and experiments continued to spread, though many fired back with the ideas of
God. The book continuously recognizes the fact that racism isn't something that can be stopped by a
campaign or a passed law– it is only something that can be stopped by each person individually–
especially one who has the Holy Spirit alive within them.
After viewing how the African Americans were treated, the book then goes on into Darwin's
scientific reasoning for his beliefs. Darwin was right on his research and conclusions about natural
selection, but his inferior ideas about the differences in dark skin and white skin were wrong.
Science can now prove that natural selection can only create more diversity in humans– not a new or
lesser kind of human. Using this information the author then leads to the main focus of the book–
humans are all the same regardless of what they look like on the outside. The author believes

Advantages Of The Confederate Flag
The Confederate Flag Debate in Today's Society
The confederate flag has always been a symbol that has caused much controversy. It has been called
a symbol of pride, also a symbol of hate. Many people wonder why it is still seen in today's society
or why it causes so much tension if it is just a flag to some. The flag has "bisected the country for a
long time" (Kozlowska, 2014). It is a definite border between some citizens and a huge social
problem. It has caused issues for decades and still carries on racial slurs, white power, and bad
morals. Nonetheless the information provided compares both sides of the debate.
Research over whether or not the confederate flag is racist or a symbol of pride has been conducted
for many years now and it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Likewise, the people who are confederate–ignorant play a problem to society. Learning about the
reasons why is it a social problem gives a deeper understanding of where each individual comes
from.
Negative societal issues regarding the Confederate Flag
Now this was a common research scenario and many felt that it had no connotation to their life or
lifestyles. However, some were deeply hurt by the flag. In the article by Wallace Best he states,
"Mama suggested that she had never seen the Confederate flag during her years in the South
because the community in which she lived was strictly segregated, and few people, black or white,
ever "crossed the line" (Best, 2001, p. 14. Surely this portrays that the flag to them was a sign of
racial segregation and power. The whites were powerful over the flag and many African American's
failed to see it. It was seen as "stepping out of place" for the blacks. (Best, 2001). Blacks and whites
were not cohesive in being together.
Even though the confederate flag stands by two different sides in society, actions were not taken
upon until recently. It happened when racial actions and hate became more prevalent through
society. An example that was shown through research was in South Carolina. This state struggled
with deciding to keep or remove the flag. The debate over whether the battle flag should remain
flying on public space went on for fifteen years

Oratorio's Impact On African-American History
Spanning the course of three centuries, the United States saw a period of mass importation of
African slaves, a time in history which caused great human suffering, the effects of which are still
felt today. Ironically, this was also a time where Africans–Americans contributed greatly to the
culture of their new lands, as the foundations of spirituals were laid. During the period from 1500 to
1850, twelve million African slaves were imported into the Western Hemisphere, with the arrival of
the first Black slaves taking place as early as 1503. The mid–16th century marked the arrival of the
first Congolese in London. The early 1600s was a period of exploration in North America, with the
first English colony being set up at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 under Captain John Smith, later
establishing Williamsburg as the centre of their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The performance of a Handel Oratorio such as Esther by former slaves, to a white audience must
surely have been a significant event in the social history of African–Americans. Initially there was a
mixed reaction to their performances, ranging from indifference to ridicule. However, an enthusiasm
ensued which brought resounding success to the group both in America and in Europe. Audiences
were not confined to members of the public, as the group performed before crowned heads in
Europe and were entertained by political and noble figures such as Gladstone and the Earl of
Shaftsbury, showing that the social change brought about by the singers spread far beyond the
American shores. (Work, 1940, p.16) By 1878, The Fisk Jubilee Singers had raised one hundred and
fifty thousand dollars. This was a huge achievement and ensured the continuation of Fisk University,
but even more importantly 'was the interest the Jubilee Singers had created over the world in Negro
education and in the spirituals, known until recently by the name they gave them – Jubilee songs'
(Work, 1940, p.17). The Fisk Jubilee Singers marked

Deviance Essay
Deviance is the violation of social norms. Social norms and values determine what level of deviance
is acceptable. My folkway violation was on the cultural norms in black churches about not wearing
pants and not being late for services. I developed my foundation of religion in the A.M.E. (African
Methodist Episcopal) church. The majority of the congregation is black. This is because of social
norms only. When I was younger, Sunday mornings was filled with dressing in your best attire. For
women my grandmother's age (she took me to church) the dress was in the price range of 1–2
hundred dollars. A huge hat in the same price range, topped off with matching shoes and handbag.
Stockings or pantyhose were mandatory. Being tardy was also ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I was unable to make Sunday services. I went to Wednesday prayer meeting. Wednesdays, is not as
full as Sunday but it carried enough people for my experiment to bring the results. The attire for the
evening was a pair of shorts, (blue jeans) white tank top, and a pair of black Chuck Taylor tennis
shoes, low top, and no socks. I also came fifteen minutes late for desired and expected affect. I put a
piece of notebook paper and placed it inside my bible, popped a piece of chewing gum in my mouth
and proceeded to the doors leading inside. As I expected the Usher Mrs. Garibay was posted in the
back pew waiting on any late stragglers like myself. I was nervous. I can remember some of the
sermons preached about, "presenting your best to the lord". In addition, the treatment and talk that
took place when someone dared to breach this with a dress that was maybe a little short. Never had
anyone in my memory sat through any kind of service in my attire. I walked in very quickly, not
really having eye contact with the Usher; I grabbed a study sheet from her and quickly took my seat,
in the back. When I did look up it was to see about 45 members looking back at me. I recognized
about fifteen people I knew well. There was an uncomfortable silence. My beat so loud I thought
everyone would hear it. The pastor's first reaction was mouth open shock, then recognition, then
shock again. When the pastor's wife recognized me, she rushed over to where I was sitting. I was

African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church: A Case Study
For this assignment, I was tasked with researching and discussing the African Methodist Episcopal
Zion Church (AMEZC). Being raised attending and participating in church, and later becoming a
Minister in the African Methodist Episcopal denomination, I found it interesting to research the
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZC). I was interested in seeing the differences. In
this paper, I will share the researched information regarding its founding, polity, dates, places, etc. I
will also share its demographics, such as number of members, number of churches, number of
schools, colleges, seminaries, and include significant figures as well.
The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, dates back to October of 1796, when it was
organized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1822 this new group officially broke ties with the white Methodist denomination. In 1828 the
First General Conference of the A.M.E Zion Church was held, and Pastor Christopher Rush was
elected to become the second Bishop of the denomination. The African Methodist Episcopal Zion
Church also became the first black denomination to permit the ordination of women in1891.
The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZC) grew exponentially over the northern
states to a membership of 300,000 1880, and by this time, there were fifteen annual conferences in
the South. By 1896 the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMECZ) grew to 350,000
members, according to the Handbook of Denominations In The United States 11th Edition, by Frank
S. Mead and Samuel S. Hill, revised by Craig D. Atwood, and the website

Henry Mcneal Turner
Henry McNeal Turner (1834–1915), was an African American leader and the 12 elected and
consecrated bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, argued for African American
emigration to Africa. Henry McNeal Turner's life was guided by a faith in the capabilities of himself
and his people. He grew up in Abbeville, South Carolina. He was born free, and raised by his mother
and maternal grandmother. Legend had it that his paternal grandfather was an African prince. As a
young boy, Turner dreamed that millions of people would look to him as a teacher, and he was
determined to act on that vision. But first, he had to learn to read and write; in South Carolina,
teaching blacks to do either was forbidden. Turner was raised in the heart of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1880, Turner rode a wave of populist popularity to become the first southern bishop elected in the
AME Church at the General Conference in St. Louis, Missouri. As Bishop, Turner dedicated himself
to building a denomination. The AME Church had begun to lose ground to the fast–growing Baptist
denomination, which allowed greater freedom of expression during service. Turner wrote a hymnal
which included adaptations of many "slave ditties," as Bishop Payne called them. He worked to give
southern congregations a greater voice among the AME hierarchy, which, dominated as it was by
Northerners, tended to look down on their southern brethren. And he gave women a greater role in
the denomination. He even ordained a woman as deacon, but that move was condemned so loudly
that he rescinded it and never spoke about it again – the one subject on which he was silenced. He
would also prove to be the most controversial. He provoked white racists in print, and advocated a
wholesale move of blacks back to Africa "to achieve our dignity and manhood." He ordained a
woman, Sarah Ann Hughes, as a deacon in the church. During his tenure, he presided over the 8th,
5th, 1st, 12th, 6th and 7th Districts. He built alliances with Baptists. At the first Black Baptist
convention, he gave the speech for which he would be forever known: "We have every right to
believe that God is a Negro," he stated, proclaiming that a people needed to see their reflection in

The Importance Of Religion In Hermann Hesse's Siddhartha
We all die one day. Whether it's by old age, sickness, cancer, or anything in between, everyone dies,
and in turn, many people use religion to explain where we will go when we die. Religion is a
metaphysical idea that is shown in both Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse, and in real life. It is almost
always seen as a positive aspect that will only benefit people's lives, however, religion doesn't
always have a favorable reputation to it. There is good people in religion, but there are also bad
people. There are good non–religious people, and there are bad non–religious people. People will
still be good or bad without the influence of a higher power, as religion doesn't equal morality.
In the beginning of the novel, Siddhartha carries a self–absorbed attitude with him. This is shown
first when referring to his father and the other Brahmins, "... the wise Brahmins, had already passed
on to him the bulk and best of their wisdom, that they had already poured the sum total of their
knowledge unto his (Siddhartha's) waiting vessel"(5). Siddhartha believes that he can no longer
learn from the Brahmins, and has grown discontent with staying with them, and even though he is
involved in religion, he believes that the Brahmins, the people he is supposed to respect, have
nothing left to teach him. Siddhartha's attitude develops from self–centered to egotistical when he
meets with the Buddha, Gotama, and says, "...so I think, O Illustrious One, that nobody fines
salvations though teachings.

Southern Methodist University Research Paper
` My college is southern methodist university in Dallas, TX which is 181 miles from home.
Southern methodist university is 234 ares wide and has approximately 11,739 student enrolled
there.They are ranked on of the nation's most prestigious institutions of higher education. They were
founded in 1911 by the Methodist Episcopal church. Southern Methodist University is a private
school that is very urban. The average class size is 22 students which is really small. That's basically
the size of my class now.There teacher to student ratio is 11:1. What I love about the school is that
the residential commons in the commons like to interact with the student and do things with them
like taco nights or movie nights. I also love that since it is a ... Show more content on
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The University offers a strong foundation in the humanities and sciences, as well as undergraduate
and graduate degree programs through seven schools. Students benefit from small classes and
opportunities for research, leadership development and unique learning experiences on campus and
around the world. SMU is dedicated to shaping world changers. It prepares students to make an
impact through their chosen professions and service to society. SMU was founded by what is now
The United Methodist Church in partnership with civic leaders. This is the main thing I appreciate
about this school. I appreciate how much they put in into being a leader for yourself and your
community. This is why I want to go to

The Increase Of Mass Killings
A rising issue in our country today is the increase of mass killings that occur. More specifically, why
are the perpetrators for these horrific events inclined to go through with these actions? Why did
Dylann Roof kill nine innocent people at the Mother Emanuel African American Episcopal Church
in Charleston, South Carolina? Why did Adam Lanza murder twenty first–graders and six adults at
the Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut? Although we cannot fully answer
these questions, we can determine why these events happen so easily; primarily because of our gun
control laws. With the increase of gun violence in our country, we may be able to reduce this issue
by restricting laws pertaining to the accessibility and ability to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
From its inception two centuries ago, the renowned Mother Emanuel has endured relentless pain and
hardship to emerge as a beacon of faith and fortitude for civil rights in this country, particularly in
the south. It has the distinction of being the oldest African Methodist Episcopal (AMC) church in
the United States. The church was founded in 1816 for people of color formally breaking away from
Charleston 's white dominated Methodist Episcopal church. It was burned, rebuilt after the Civil War
and adopted the name Emanuel – meaning "God is with us". Ever conscious of its storied past, Dr.
Martin Luther King as well as other civil rights activists used Mother Emanuel to promote civil
rights (Huggins). There is a long history of violence against black churches, particularly in the south
(Resnick and Alvarez). Dylann Roof, a native South Carolinian, was well aware of Mother Emanuel
's history. A manifesto written by Roof was discovered shortly after this tragedy and offers some
insight on his distorted views. Roof never finished 10th grade or took an American history course.
He wrote that America's history of slavery was based on myths and lies, using the fact that not all
Southern whites owned slaves and claims to have read slave narratives that were positive toward
slaveowners. His twisted views are based on a white supremacy ideology and any reference of it. He
followed the doctrine of a South Carolina–based hate group

Why People Want The Statues Removed?
Death, violence, unnecessary arrests. What do all these things have in common? These words are all
results of protesters trying to take down Confederate monuments across the United States of
America.
Why People Want the Statues Removed
June 17, 2015 will be a day remembered in history as a tragic event that brought awareness to our
Confederate past. According to CNN, Dylann Roof, a white supremacist, shot and killed 9 people
who were part of Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in South Carolina on that Monday.
Roof is not a representation of all white people in America, he is a representation of poor life
decisions. Reported by Daily Intelligencer, Roof was photographed with a Confederate flag. The
image was disturbing to many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Peaceful protesting the statues is a great way to get your point across, however when the protests
turn violent, it is no longer acceptable. Why are people now destroying and removing property
because of what someone thought was right a long time ago. At the time of the civil war, those
citizens stood up for what they thought was right. As a country we have all realized that they weren't
doing the right thing, but that was over 150 years ago and those citizens are all long gone. People
are entitled to their own opinion, but why try and persuade the government by taking your anger out
on statues. Destroying the property won't change what happened. Not only is the destruction of
government property unethical, it is illegal.
[perfectpullquote align="right" cite="" link="" color="" class="" size=""]People are entitled to their
own opinion, but why try and persuade the government by taking your anger out on statues.
[/perfectpullquote]
Our first amendment also ensures our freedom to peacefully assemble, based on an article from the
Huffington Post there was nothing peaceful about what happened in Durham, North Carolina when
protesters destroyed a Confederate statue. Protesters tied a rope around the statue and pulled it down
until it fell and crumpled. Once the statue fell, protesters took turns spitting, kicking, or cursing the
statue. The destruction of government property and monuments is a

The United Methodist Church
The United Methodist Church is growing and it is happening in nontraditional areas. Between 2005
and 2013 outreach ministries connected the UMC with diverse communities and created over
130,000 new disciples in His image. Outreach ministries believe in providing sustenance to who are
without basic needs and envision a day without want. On this foundation, missionaries built
programs and create an opportunity for growth. Through ministry, the UMC continues to provide
support and generosity to those who need help, while transforming missionaries' actions into
disciples across the globe. UMC apportionments equip ministries and change the world.
The state of giving within The United Methodist Church has increased over the last decade. With the
rise in consumer confidence, United Methodist congregations are healthier than almost a decade
ago. The recession hurt everyone, but the US is finally seeing a proper economic recovery. Between
2009 and 2014, both new private housing permits issued and total construction spending increased
by 81% and 7%, respectively. As unemployment fell to its lowest level since 2008, at 5.5% in June
2015, consumers are currently spending 21% more. Consumer confidence index beat projections
and rose above an average of 90.0 for eight straight months and indicate an expansion in 2015
consumption. The US economy is in a better condition than six years ago and the UMC reflects
these trends.
The UMC connection is showing signs of economic recovery. First,

The Speech On African American Church
Sunday was often the only day that enslaved blacks did not have to work. The Sabbath became a full
day of preaching, community building and socializing. The African American church still maintains
this practice of an extended worship day with longer services and sermons than most other religious.
The average time for blacks' churches services is about ninety minutes, with the sermons lasting
more than thirty minutes long. This is the etiquette article of African American churches. The
Methodist church, however, rules governs differently. Their etiquette is designed specifically and
honorably to God. The honoring of the sanctuary in reference to the pulpit, communion table,
maintain silence before God, church bibles and hymnals, treatment of the pews. Languages that
honors God, enter and exit as directed appropriately. Honoring the Lord's Supper which includes,
kneeling at the communion rail, receiving the bread, receiving the cup, and remaining in church
after receiving the Lord's Supper and honoring the church building, that is, cleanliness is next to
Godliness, eat only where it is allowed, keep the outside of the church building neat and clean and
treat Christian symbols with respect. AME church, simple put etiquette is respecting the place you
worship and embracing your fellow brothers and sisters in Christ. Etiquette is also an opportunity
for teenager or youth church. Youth should also know the sacredness of God's house. Their attire,
language and behavior should

Biblical And Theological Address By Martin Luther King Jr.
7
Biblical and Theological Rationale
"What I'm saying to you this morning is communism forgets that life is individual. Capitalism
forgets that life is social. And the kingdom of brotherhood is found neither in the thesis of
communism nor the antithesis of capitalism, but in a higher synthesis. It is found in a higher
synthesis that combines the truths of both. Now, when I say questioning the whole society, it means
ultimately coming to see that the problem of racism, the problem of economic exploitation...are all
tied together. These are the ... evils that are interrelated."[footnoteRef:1] ...Now we realize that
dislocations in the market operation of our economy and the prevalence of discrimination thrust
people into ...constant or frequent unemployment against their will. [1: The Southern Christian
Leadership Presidential Address by Martin Luther King Jr., 16 August 1967.]
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s, quotation gives this researcher pause to consider it within the 21st
century economic context and argues that the Wall Street, and corporate priests of the Market God
are continually teaching, preaching and evangelizing a religion and theology to continuously
disenfranchise and maintain consumers and particularly communities of African–American ancestry
in economic bondage.[footnoteRef:2] Additionally, explicitly and implicitly Dr. King's is historically
rooted in a theology recognizing that the poor or marginalized accruing economic empowerment is
useless, unless it is

Nebraska Methodist Health System ( Nmhs )
Nebraska Methodist Health System (NMHS) is the first health system to encompass hospitals,
clinics, a nursing and allied health college, medical supply distributorship and central laundry.
Methodist Hospital is one of the three affiliated hospitals under the NMHS umbrella and is where
the large regional network began. Nebraska Methodist Hospital's first location was founded in 1891
by members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The Nebraska Methodist Hospital moved to its
present location, off of Dodge Street, in 1968 leading to the current vision of being the regions
preferred integrated health system. Today, the 124 year–old hospital has grown to a prominent, not–
for–profit medical facility with a direct mission statement, "Methodist ... Show more content on
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The leadership team Mr. Fraser is a part of believes that setting the bar ever higher on quality care,
customer service and requiring continuous performance improvement should be deeply ingrained to
the culture of the Methodist Health System. All employees are held to the values of the health
systems core values, which includes: cultural competence, being patient centered, respect,
excellence, teamwork and community service. The leadership team expects that all employees will
hold themselves and each other mutually accountable to uphold these standards.
In 1945, The Methodist Pathology Center (MPC) began the journey to provide clinical and anatomic
pathology excellence for the hospital. Dr. John Schenken, the head of laboratory for Methodist
hospital from 1945 – 1979, carved the path that has lead the Methodist Pathology Center to being a
nationally recognized center of pathology. In 1979, the prominent leader left the laboratory in the
hands of his equally qualified son, Dr. Jerry Schenken. In February 2011, Nebraska Methodist
Hospital opened The Schenken Pavilion, a $22 million, 42,000–square–foot laboratory to further
enhance the foundation of pathology excellence the Schenken family had created ("Methodist
Pathology Center"). The facility provides services for Methodist hospital patients, as well as serving
individuals, physicians, clinics and hospitals in a three–state area. ("Methodist News Hub"). The
Methodist Pathology Center is

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