The DSM under 300.14 states: The essential feature of DID is the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. These states seem to pilot the person-without them always having knowledge of it. Most people experience mild disassociation, with DID the disassociation is severe producing a lack of connection with thoughts, feelings, or identity related to a trauma that has occurred. The disassociation appears to be used as a coping method for dealing with the trauma or trauma’s.
It is not uncommon for people with this disorder to have" disagreements” among their personalities. Sometimes the different states have different names. The main cause of the disorder seems to be the clients inability to integrate the many aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder experience frequent gaps in memory. Some symptoms can be: nightmares, flashbacks, aggravated startled responses, and suicidal or aggressive behaviors Continued on next slide
Depression, mood swings, sleep disorders (Insomnia, night terrors, and sleep walking) anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, alcohol and drug abuse, compulsions, and eating disorders. Other symptoms may include amnesia, time loss, trances, and out of body experiences. Some people with dissociative identity disorder have a tendency toward self persecution, self sabotage, and violence. Each identity of the disorder can have their own age, sex, and race. The personalities can be people and even animals. A process called switching occurs when each identity controls the emotions and behaviors of the individual.
While there is no definitive test, like a blood test that can accurately assess a patient to have the disease a mental health interview is conducted for the signs and symptoms discussed earlier. The DSM IV states: the disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. In children the symptoms are not attributable to imaginary playmates or fantasy play. The research suggests that the main cause is due to trauma or sexual and physical abuse.
The most recommended course of treatment for Dissociative Identity Disorder is psychotherapy with hypnotherapy to reach the different identities and work on modifying behaviors exhibited by the different personality states. If not treated individuals are vulnerable to abusing substances, suicide, domestic violence, poor relationships and criminal activities.