Vladmir Propp identified character types that commonly appear in stories, including the hero, villain, princess/prize, donor, and helper. Tzvetan Todovov theorized that storylines follow a pattern of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium. Claude Levi argued that conflict between opposing sides is necessary for a story. These theorists helped define common narrative structures and elements that are still used for analyzing stories today.

1. Task 9
narrative
James armstrong-bisson

2. Vladmir propps elements and 8
characters theory
• Vladmir propps (17 April] 1895 – 22 August
1970) had a theory that all stories are made
up of certain elements and certain character
categories the hero villain the princess or prize
the donor the helper the princesses' father
the false hero and the dispatcher

3. hero
• In a story the hero tends to succeed in the
story he/she also helps to lead the reader
through the story line the hero will be on a
mission to get the prize or princess in the
story
• In my story the hero is the tramp he is on a
mission to get food and he uses his quick mind
to succeed in getting his prize

4. The villain
The villain in the story does not have to be evil
or mean the villain just has to try to stop the
hero from getting the princess or the prize in
the story
In my story the villain could be seen as the old
woman as she wont give the food to the
tramp in the beginning of the story therefore
stopping the hero from succeeding

5. The princess or prize
• The princess or prize in the story is the goal for
the hero as well as sometimes the villain in the
story when the hero in the story succeeds in the
story this is what he will receive it does not have
to be a princess the goal can be anything wealth,
food or love
• In my story the goal for the hero is food and at
the end of the story the hero gets the soup that
he is looking for

6. The donor
• The donor of the story tends to give
something to the hero in order to help him
complete his goal and get to the prize or
princess
• In my story this would also be the old woman
as she is the one who gives the tramp the
things he needs to make the soup therefore
helping the tramp with his mission for food

7. The helper
• The helper is there to support the hero in the story they
tend to find certain things hard this is to show the reader
that the hero is better them this also explains why the
helper is not the hero in the story the helper can also pop
up and down in the story he may not stay with the hero all
the way through the story
• In my story there is not a helper although some people
might consider the old woman a helper as she starts to help
the hero when he runs in to trouble
• A example would be Shaun's friends in Shaun of the dead
as they help the hero when he runs into trouble in the film

8. The princesses' father
• The princesses' father or the keeper of the
prize this is a person who the hero will have to
over come or convince to get to his goal
• For example in my story the keeper of the goal
would be the old woman as she is 9n charge
of the food in the story and therefore the
tramp has to convince the old woman to give
him some food

9. The false hero
• The false hero is a hero like person who is
seen to act in a non heroic way to get to the
same thing as the hero
• In my story the false hero would be the tramp
although he is the hero he lies to trick the old
woman out of her food and this is a non
heroic action

10. The dispatcher
• The dispatcher is the person responsible for
sending the hero out to get the goal
• In my story there is no dispatcher although some
people would say that it is the tramp as he is
hungry so he decides to see if he can find food
therefore sending himself on the mission
• A example would the mother of little red riding
hood as she tells little red riding hood to go out
to her grandmothers house therefore sending
little red riding hood out on her mission

11. TzvetanTodovov
• TzvetanTodovov had a theory that every
storyline followed the same type of path this
went equilibrium disequilibrium then new
equilibrium

12. equilibrium
• This is the starting of most stories where
everything is normal for the hero in the story
• For example in my story the equilibrium would
be that the tramp is hungry and walking
around with nowhere to live

13. disequilibrium
• This tends to be just after the equilibrium
where something happens that is not normal
for the hero of the story therefore disrupting
the equilibrium
• For example in my story this would be where
the tramp finds the house as this is not
normal for the tramp

14. New equilibrium
• This is a return to equilibrium for the hero or
something that is now considered equilibrium
• For example in my story this would be where
the tramp fills his water bottle and continues
to walk the story has ended the same way it
began with the tramp walking around with
nowhere to live but the difference is this time
he is full of soup and no longer hungry

15. Claude levi
• Claude levi had a theory that a story can only
happen if two opposing sides come together
and have conflict
• For example in my story this would be the
tramp and the old woman because the tramp
wants to eat and the old woman doesn’t want
to feed the tramp

16. Narrative structure: types of structure
• There are 9 different types of narrative
structure open closed single strand muti-
strand linear non-linear realist and anti-realist

17. open
• This is where the story does not reach a
conclusion this might be useful in a series of
books

18. Closed
• This is where a story does reach a conclusion
this tends to be most fairy tails as they have to
be kept short and young children read less

19. Single strand
• This is where a story has a single storyline

20. Multi-strand
• This is where a story has more then one
storyline within the story

21. linear
• This is where a storyline starts at the end and
ends at the end and the story will follow in
time order

22. Non-linear
• This is the type story that involves flash-backs
as well flash forwards the story will jump
around the timeline of the story

23. realist
• This is where a story is believable meaning it
could happen to anyone in real life

24. Anti-realist
• This is a highly unlikely if not impossible to
find or happen in real life