9. NATURE
•Refers to the heredity, the influence of
inherited characteristic
•Examples: personality, physical
growth, intellectual growth and social
interaction
10. NURTURE
•Refers to the influence of the
environment
•Examples: parenting style, physical
surrounding, economic factors
15. CHROMOSOMES
• Where genes are located
• Found in nucleus off a cell
• 46 chromosomes (23 from
each parents)
•Autosomes are the 22 pairs or
44 chromosomes
• The last pair are the sex
chromosomes
–XX FOR FEMALES
–XY FOR MALES
28. KINDS OF TWINS
• MONOZYGOTE (IDENTICAL)
–Two babies come from one fertilize egg
• DIZYGOTE (FRATERNAL)
–Where in a woman’s body may either release more
than one egg at a time or release an egg in a later
ovulation period after a woman has already
concieved one
32. PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
GERMINAL PERIOD
• 2 week period
• Zygote continues diving and
moving toward the uterus
• The placenta and umbilical cord
also develop this time
• Cell differentiation is the process
that result in specialized cells for
all of the various parts of the
33.
34. PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
EMBRYONIC PERIOD
• 2 weeks after
conception to 8
weeks
• The zygote now
become an embryo
• Pre-lim version of
various oragan
• Embryo is vulnerable
35. PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
FETAL PERIOD• 8 weeks to birth
• Developing organism now called fetus
• Organs continue to develop until become fully functional
• Miscarriages most likely occur in the first 3 months
38. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
• After birth body system start to function
• REFLEXES-an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus
• MOTOR DEVELOPMENT- (birth to 2 years = rapid development)
– Raising head and chest. 2 to 4 months.
– Rolling over. 2 to 5 months.
– Sitting up with support. 4 to 6 months.
– Sitting up without support. 6 to 7 months.
– Crawling. 7 to 8 months.
– Walking. 8 to 18 months.
• BRAIN DEVELOPMENT- (birth to age 3 year)
– Extensive growth of neurons occur
– Involves in necessary loss of synaptic pruning to make way for functioning
connection and cells
41. •Piaget believed that children form mental
concepts or schemes as they experience new
situations and event
•Assimilation – children first try to understand
new things in terms of schemes they already
possess
•Accommodation- process of altering or
adjusting old schemes to fit new information and
experiences
Editor's Notes
** irish explaination kay naka underline only!!
As discuss from the past human development is how and why human beings change over the course pf their life
Originally concerned with infants and children, this field also cover adolescence and adult development
a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables over short or long periods of time
First let us define cohort. Cohort is a group of people born around the same time and cohort effect is the influence of historical experiences on the outcome data
It is the several different age groups are studied one at a time
Any social or developmental involving collection of data from same individual or groups across time
Our genetic determine our behavior. Our personality traits and abilities are in our nature
We inherit genes from our parents we are born with a certain set of characteristics. We clearly inherit physical traits, but we also inherit personality traits and preferences.
So basically nurture is anything that can have influence of development that does not come within the person
Our environment, upbringing and life experiences determine our behavior. We are nurtured to behave in certain ways.
Behavioral genetics in which heredity interacts with our experience to create who we are
Genetics is the study of heredity. Heredity is a biological process where a parent passes certain genes onto their children or offspring. Every child inherits genes from both of their biological parents and these genes in turn express specific traits.
Deoxyribose is that chemical that make up gene.
Each nucleotide is composed of:
Pentose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous bases
two strands of DNA are in complementary pairing:
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T);
Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C)
Amines : organic structure containing genetic codes for building protiens// ex- hair color, muscles, skin//
Bases- aquacious soln.
Autosomes are the genes related to eye color, height or hair texture.
The sex chromosomes determined biological sex
In biology, a gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function
Symptoms commonly include physical characteristic like the almond shape, wide eyes and intellectual dissability
Since of the extra X this produce masculine characteristic, enlarged breast, obesity etc
Since of the extra X this produce masculine characteristic, enlarged breast, obesity etc
