Biomaterials are materials that are compatible with living tissue and used to replace or enhance the function of bodily tissues or organs. They serve as spare parts in the human body to improve, restore, and measure physical functions as well as enhance survival and quality of life. Biomaterials must be biologically inert, biocompatible, non-allergic, non-toxic, and long-lasting. They are classified as polymeric, metallic, ceramic, or composite and used for applications such as replacing damaged parts, healing tissues, improving function, correcting abnormalities, diagnosing issues, and dental implants.

2. What are biomaterials???

4. Definition
• Materials-biocompatible-used to
treat or replace the function of
bodily tissues or organs.
• Spare parts for use in human
body to improve, restore and
measure the physical functions
and to enhance survival and
quality of life.

5. Biocompatibility
The acceptance of an artificial implant by
the surrounding tissues and by the body
as a whole.
What is implant???

7. Role of Biomaterials
Stems from the inability to treat many
diseases, injuries and conditions with
other therapies or procedures.
IMPLANTS:
Biomaterial structures used to
replace, support or enhance a biological
structure.

8. Properties
• Biologically inert
• Biocompatible
• Non allergic
• Non viable
• Non toxic
• Long term replacement must not be
biodegradable.

9. Performance of biomaterials
Probability of failure of an implant,
r=1-f
r-reliability,f-numerical value.
For multiple modes of failure,
r1=(1-f1), r2=(1-f2),r3=(1-f3),…….
rt=r1*r2*r3*……..rn

10. CLASSIFICATION
Classificati
on
Ex Merits Demerits Applications
Polymeric Nylon,Si,rubber etc Resilient, easy to
fabricate
Not strong,
deforms with
time and may
degrade.
Blood and soln
bags, disposal
syringes, dialysis
devices
Metallic Alloys of
Ti,Co,Cr,stainless steel
etc
Strong, tough,
ductile
Less
biocompatibility,
may corrode
Bone and joint
replacements,
surgical
instruments,
Dental root
implants, cardio
vascular devices,
heart valves.
ceramics Alumina, Zirconia
,Silicone nitrides
,Carbon etc.
Very
biocompatible,
inert
Brittle , not
resilient
Dentistry ,
orthopedic
implants.
composite Carbon-carbon, fiber
reinforced bone cement
etc.
Strong ,tailor-
made
Difficult to
fabricate
Joint
implants,heart
valves.

11. Applications
Problem Area Examples
To replace diseased or damaged
part
Heart, artificial hip joint, kidney
dialysis
In healing Sutures, bone plates, drug
release
To improve function Cardiac pacemaker, intraocular
lens
To correct functional abnormality Spinal rod, artificial tissues
To correct cosmetic problem Facial reconstruction
In diagnosis Probes and catheters
In treatment Catheters, drains
Dental Dental implants

14. Thank youThank you