Hibernate is an open-source ORM toolkit that provides a framework for mapping Java objects to relational database tables. This mapping is accomplished through an XML configuration file. Hibernate supports querying the database using HQL, a dialect of SQL optimized for objects, or native SQL. It allows for persistence of plain Java objects to and from the database, flexible mapping of objects to tables, powerful queries, and caching for performance.

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ORM goal: Take advantage of the things SQL
databases do well, without leaving the Java language of
objects and classes.
ORM real goal: Do less work and have a happy DBA.
Hibernate is an open-source ORM toolkit for the Java
language, providing a framework for mapping an object-
oriented domain model to a traditional relational
database.

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XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a human readable
way of describing structured data.
XML is made up of tags enclosing text:
<dataset>
<record>
<name>David</name>
<age>47</age>
</record>
</dataset>
Mapping Java classes to database table is accomplished
through the configuration of an XML file.

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SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language
for accessing and manipulating relational databases.
SQL queries allow the user to specify a description of the
desired result set:
SELECT title, price
FROM Book
WHERE price > 100.00
ORDER BY title
SQL is designed for the retrieval and management of data in
database and database schema creation and
modification.

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• Hibernate Query Language (HQL)
• “minimal” object-oriented dialect of ANSI SQL
• Criteria Queries (QBC)
• extensible framework for query objects
• includes Query By Example (QBE)
• Native SQL queries
• SQL queries may be defined and called exactly HQL
query

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• Persistence for POJOs (JavaBeans)
• Flexible and intuitive mapping
• Support for fine-grained object models
• Powerful, high performance queries
• Dual-Layer Caching Architecture (HDLCA)
• Lazy loading