The study examines differences in the Islamic ruling for touching the Holy Quran from Excreted, pleurisy, menstruating, bleeding following childbirth and infidels, between permitting and prohibiting, and also examines differences in their permissibility to read the Holy Quran without even touching it; Scholarly views range between the overall and partial prevention; both in the cases listed or in other cases which were considered exceptional. It has been shown in this paper that the directories invoked by the Inhibitors to touch or read are not suitable for inference; because they are either different, or they are weak, or the inferences are not mentally strong enough to oppose the pro-sound texts for the origin of the patent. The result of research which is based on the correct directories is; it's permitted for everyone to read and touch the Holly Quran.

1. ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ِ‫اءة‬‫ر‬‫وﻗ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫س‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫م‬ْ‫ﻛ‬ُ‫ﺣ‬
‫اﻷﺣداث‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﺿوء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫إﻋداد‬
‫د‬.‫اﻟﻧﻘﯾب‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣﯾد‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺣﺳﯾن‬
‫اﻟﺷرﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﻋد‬ ‫أﺳﺗﺎذ‬
‫اﻟوطﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺟﺎح‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺑﻠس‬
‫ﻓﻠﺳطﯾن‬
hnaqeeb_55@yahoo.com

2. 2
Abstract
The study examines differences in the Islamic ruling for touching the Holy
Quran from Excreted, pleurisy, menstruating, bleeding following childbirth and
infidels, between permitting and prohibiting, and also examines differences in their
permissibility to read the Holy Quran without even touching it; Scholarly views
range between the overall and partial prevention; both in the cases listed or in other
cases which were considered exceptional. It has been shown in this paper that the
directories invoked by the Inhibitors to touch or read are not suitable for inference;
because they are either different, or they are weak, or the inferences are not
mentally strong enough to oppose the pro-sound texts for the origin of the patent.
The result of research which is based on the correct directories is; it's permitted for
everyone to read and touch the Holly Quran.
‫اﻟﻣﻠﺧص‬
‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓر‬‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎء‬َ‫ﻔ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻧ‬‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺋض‬‫و‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫ﻧ‬ُ‫اﻟﺟ‬‫و‬ ‫ث‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ﺣ‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫اﺧﺗﻼف‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ِ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻠﺧص‬ ‫ﻋدﯾدة‬ ‫ال‬‫و‬‫أﻗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﱟ‬‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫اءﺗﻬم‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺧﺗﻼﻓﻬم‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ،‫م‬‫ﱢ‬‫وﻣﺣر‬ ‫ﯾﺢ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اع‬‫و‬‫اﻷﻧ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺋﻲ؛‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺟ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻊ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻲ‬ّ‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻊ‬‫ﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،‫اﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻵﺧذ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫د‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻣذﻛو‬
‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ّ‫ﻣ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ّ‫إﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺗدﻻل؛‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اءة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫أو‬ ّ‫ﻟﻠﻣس‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﻧﻌون‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ّ‫اﺣﺗﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫أن‬
‫اﻟﺑ‬ ‫ﻷﺻل‬ ‫ﱢدة‬‫ﯾ‬‫اﻟﻣؤ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺻوص‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻘوى‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺗدﻻﻻت‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ّ‫ﻣ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫ﺿﻌﯾﻔﺔ‬،‫اءة‬‫ر‬
‫ﱠ‬‫ﯾﻣس‬ ‫أن‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫أن‬ ٍ‫د‬َ‫َﺣ‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ؛‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ُ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ُ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻧﺗﯾﺟ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧت‬
‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬.

3. 3
‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‬
‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻬد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ،‫أﻋﻣﺎﻟﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﯾﺋﺎت‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫أﻧﻔﺳﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺷرور‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫وﻧﻌوذ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫وﻧﺳﺗﻐﻔ‬ ‫وﻧﺳﺗﻌﯾﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﻣدﻩ‬ ،‫ﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣد‬ ‫إن‬
‫ﺗﺟ‬ ‫ﻓﻠن‬ ‫ﯾﺿﻠل‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﻬﺗد‬ ‫ﻓﻬو‬‫وﺑﻌد‬ ،ً‫ا‬‫ﻣرﺷد‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﻟﯾ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫د‬.
‫اﻷﺧذ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻼوﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫وﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ‬ ،‫إﺟﻼﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻌظﯾم؛‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣل؛‬ ‫اع‬‫و‬‫أﻧ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠوك‬‫و‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺗﻘﺎد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷﻗوم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻬدي‬ ‫ﻓﻬو‬ ،‫ﺑﺄﺣﻛﺎﻣﻪ‬:‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ َ‫آن‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ﻘ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫إن‬
َ‫ﺑ‬ُ‫ﯾ‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ْو‬‫ﻗ‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ﻲ‬ِ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ِ‫ﺗ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬َ‫ﻛ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ر‬ْ‫َﺟ‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫أن‬ ِ‫ﺣﺎت‬ِ‫ﺎﻟ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺻ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ﻧ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﺷ‬]‫اء‬‫ر‬‫اﻹﺳ‬:٩[.‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣؤﻣﻧﯾن؛‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﻣﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻔﺎء‬:‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬ ٌ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ﻔﺎء‬ِ‫ﺷ‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ِ‫آن‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ﻘ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ل‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ز‬َ‫ﻧ‬ُ‫ﻧ‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ﯾد‬ِ‫ز‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬َ‫و‬ ،َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ﻧ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
َ‫ﺧ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬‫إ‬ َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﺎﻟ‬ّ‫ظ‬‫اﻟ‬ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﺳﺎ‬]‫اء‬‫ر‬‫اﻹﺳ‬:٨٢[.
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺗﻧﺎﻏﻣ‬ ‫أوﻩ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋون‬‫ﯾﺗﺳﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫أﯾﻧﺎ‬‫ر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن؛‬ ‫ﻧﻔوس‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌظﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ّ‫وﻟﻣ‬
‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻓﺣرﻣ‬ ،‫اﻟطﻬور‬ ّ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﻼوة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬ ‫م‬ّ‫ﯾﺣر‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬم‬ ‫ﺑﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ،‫اﻟﺗﻌظﯾم‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
َ‫ﻔ‬ُ‫اﻟﻧ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺋض‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻧب‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣدث‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫اﻟﺻور‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اع‬‫و‬‫اﻷﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺛﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺿﻬم‬ ‫أﯾﻧﺎ‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓر‬‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺟﺢ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠوﺻول‬ ‫وﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺗﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﯾق‬‫ر‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫اﺳﺗﻌ‬ ‫ي‬‫اﻟﺿرور‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻟذﻟك‬.
‫ع‬‫اﻟﻣوﺿو‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫د‬:
‫ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣوﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺟدت‬ ‫ﻟﻘد‬)‫ﻧت‬‫ر‬‫اﻹﻧﺗ‬(‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻣﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺛﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠدﻛﺗور‬‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬
‫اﻧﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﻋﻧ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺑﯾل‬":‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻟﻣس‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟطﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬–‫ﻧﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫د‬"‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺷور‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ،)‫أم‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺷ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠوم‬ ‫ى‬‫اﻟﻘر‬‫وآداﺑﻬﺎ‬(‫ﺧﺎﺗﻣﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،":‫ﺟﻣﻬور‬ ‫إﻟﯾﻪ‬ ‫ذﻫب‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫رﺟﺣﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ظﻬر‬
‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء؛‬‫ﺣدﺛ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣدث‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺗﺣ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﺻﻐ‬‫ر‬")١(
،‫ﺗﺧﺎﻟف‬ ‫ع‬‫اﻟﻣوﺿو‬ ‫ﻟﻬذا‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻲ‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ﻟﻛن‬
،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻣﺎﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺣﺛ‬ ‫اءة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺟد‬ ‫وﻟم‬ ،‫اءﺗﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫وﻛذﻟك‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋز‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺗﺛﺑت‬.

4. 4
‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫اﺷﺗﻣﻠت‬ ‫وﻗد‬:
١(‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬:‫اﻷﺣداث‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬.
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫ال‬‫و‬‫أﻗ‬.
‫ﻛل‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬‫ﯾق‬‫ر‬‫ﻓ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺎت‬.
‫اﻟﺳﺑﯾل‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻟدﻛﺗور‬ ‫ﺟﯾﺣﺎت‬‫ﺗر‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬.
٢(‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬:‫اﻷﺣداث‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫اءة‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬.
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫ال‬‫و‬‫أﻗ‬.
‫ﯾق‬‫ر‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺎت‬.
‫اﻟﺗرﺟﯾﺢ‬.
‫اﻟﺗوﺻﯾﺎت‬.
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺣداث‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻣس‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻻن‬‫ﻗو‬:
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬:ُ‫ﻟﻠﻣ‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬ِ‫د‬‫ﺣدﺛ‬ ‫ث‬ً‫ﺎ‬َ‫أﻛﺑر‬َ‫أﺻﻐر‬ ‫أو‬َ‫ﯾﻣ‬ ‫أن‬‫ﱠ‬‫س‬‫ﺑﻌﺿﻪ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬.
‫اﻟﻌﻠ‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ذﻫب‬‫ﺣدﺛ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺣدث‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﯾﻣس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﺻﻐر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أﻛﺑر‬.‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻧﻘل‬
‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫وﻋﺑد‬ ،‫وﻗﺎص‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﺳﻌد‬ ،‫ﻣﺳﻌود‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫وﻋﺑد‬ ،‫طﺎﻟب‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫وﺳﻠﻣﺎن‬ ،‫ﯾد‬‫ز‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﺳﻌﯾد‬ ،
‫ﺑن‬ ‫وطﺎووس‬ ،‫ي‬‫اﻟﺑﺻر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳن‬‫و‬ ،‫ي‬‫ﻫر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎب‬ ‫اﺑن‬‫و‬ ،‫ﺑﺎح‬‫ر‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋطﺎء‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﯾن‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ،‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ‬
‫وﻫم‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻧﺧﻌﻲ‬ ‫اﻫﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺑ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ـﺎﻟم‬‫ﺳ‬‫و‬ ،‫ـﺎن‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻛﯾ‬‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﺗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑﯾد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎﺳم‬ ‫ام‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺑﯾر‬‫ز‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﻋروة‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻌود‬‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑو‬‫و‬ ‫ﱢب‬‫ﯾ‬‫اﻟﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﺳﻌﯾد‬ ‫ﯾق‬‫ﱢ‬‫د‬‫اﻟﺻ‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﻣد‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑت‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﯾد‬‫ز‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﺧﺎرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺎر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﺳﻠﯾﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﻣن‬)٢(
‫اﻟﺣﻧﻔﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺔ؛‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟﻣذاﻫب‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ،)٣(
‫اﻟﻣﺎﻟﻛﯾﺔ‬‫و‬)٤(
‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﯾﺔ‬‫و‬)٥(
‫اﻟﺣﻧﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬‫و‬)٦(
.

5. 5
‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬:‫ﺑﻌﺿ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﯾﻣس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﺻﻐر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أﻛﺑر‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣدﺛ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺣدث‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻬذا‬ ،‫ﻪ‬
‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟظﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻣذﻫب‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ،‫ﺳﻠﯾﻣﺎن‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﺣﻣﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﯾﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﯾن‬)٧(
.
‫اﻟﻣﺣرﻣﯾن‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬:
ً‫ﻻ‬‫أو‬:‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬.
‫وﺟل‬ ‫ﻋز‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﻘول‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫اﺳﺗدﻟ‬:ٌ‫ﯾم‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ﻛ‬ ٌ‫آن‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻧ‬‫إ‬*ٍ‫ون‬ُ‫ﻧ‬ْ‫ﻛ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ٍ‫ﺎب‬َ‫ﺗ‬ِ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬*ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
َ‫ون‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬*ٌ‫ل‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻟ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ب‬‫ﱠ‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣ‬]٧٧-٨٠:‫اﻗﻌﺔ‬‫و‬‫اﻟ‬.[
‫اﻟدﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‬:‫اﷲ‬ ‫أن‬‫ﯾﻣﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﺧﺑر‬‫وﺗﻌظﯾﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫إﺟﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻬرون‬ ‫إﻻ‬ً‫ﺎ‬،
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺑﻪ‬ ‫وﻋﻣوم‬ ،‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣطﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺟ‬ ‫ﺣﺻر‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺗﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺻر‬ ‫ﺑﺻﯾﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺧﺑﺎر‬ ‫وﺟﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻣطﻬر‬ ‫ﯾن؛‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣطﻬ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻫم‬‫ﻏﯾر‬‫آدم‬ ‫ﺑﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺟﺎس‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺣداث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ون‬.‫ﻟﻔظﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ن‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﻟﻔظ‬
‫ﻧﻬﯾ‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻣن‬ ‫ﺧﺑر‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﺧﺑر‬ً‫ﺎ‬)٨(
‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻗﺎﻟ‬ ،:‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧظﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻬذا‬:‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻫ‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ﻟ‬َ‫و‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫د‬ِ‫اﻟ‬َ‫و‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺎر‬َ‫ﺿ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬]٢٣٣:‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑﻘ‬[،
‫ﻧﻬﯾ‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻣن‬ ‫ﺧﺑر‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻟﻣس‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟطﻬﺎ‬ ‫اط‬‫ر‬‫اﺷﺗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓدل‬ ،)٩(
.
‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾ‬:‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬.
‫ﺑﺎﻟطﺎﻫر‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫أن‬‫و‬ ،‫طﺎﻫر‬ ‫ﻟﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫اﺳﺗدﻟ‬
‫اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾق‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫وﻫذﻩ‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺟﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻐر؛‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺑر‬ ‫اﻟﺣدث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ُ‫اﻟطﺎﻫر‬
‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬:
١-‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺟدﻩ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫أﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺣزم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻣرو‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﻋن‬:‫ﻛﺎ‬‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ن‬
‫ﺣزم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻣرو‬:)ّ‫س‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬‫طﺎﻫر‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬.(
‫اﻟﻣوطﺄ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟك‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻫذا‬)١٠(
‫اﻟﺳﻧن‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾﻬﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫وﻣن‬)١١(
‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﻋن‬
‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺣزم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬‫اق‬‫ز‬‫اﻟر‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻣرﺳﻼ‬)١٢(
‫ﻗطﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟدا‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫وﻣن‬)١٣(
‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻣر‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ،
‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫أﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻗطﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟدا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ،ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣرﺳ‬)١٤(
‫اﻟﺑﯾﻬﻘﻲ‬‫و‬)١٥(
‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﯾق‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫أﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻣر‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اق‬‫ز‬‫اﻟر‬،ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﯾﺿ‬ ‫ﻣرﺳﻼ‬‫اﻟدارﻣﻲ‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬‫و‬)١٦(
‫اﺑن‬‫و‬
‫ﺣﺑﺎن‬)١٧(
‫ﻗطﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟدا‬‫و‬)١٨(
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻛم‬‫و‬)١٩(
‫اﻟﺑﯾﻬﻘﻲ‬‫و‬)٢٠(
‫ﺳﻠﯾﻣ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ﺣﻣ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﯾﺣﯾﻰ‬ ‫ﯾق‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬم‬ ،‫داود‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺎن‬
‫ﻓوﻋﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟدﻩ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫أﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺣزم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻣرو‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ي‬‫ﻫر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫ﻋن‬.
‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫وﺳﺋل‬‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬":‫ﺻﺣﯾﺣ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أرﺟو‬ً‫ﺎ‬")٢١(
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،":‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﺷﻬد‬ ‫ﻗد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﻬذا‬ ‫ي‬‫ﻫر‬‫اﻟز‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾز‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫اﺑن‬")٢٢(
‫ا‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،‫اﻟﺑر‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬":‫ﺣزم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻣرو‬ ‫وﻛﺗﺎب‬

6. 6
‫اﻟﻣﺗﺻل‬ ‫اﺣد‬‫و‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻧﺎد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أظﻬر‬‫و‬ ‫أﺷﻬر‬ ‫ﻋﻧدﻫم‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﻣل‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺑول‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬")٢٣(
‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،
‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬":‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﻣﺷﻬور‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫وﻫو‬")٢٤(
.
‫ﻗﻠت‬:‫ي‬‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫داود؛‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺳﻠﯾﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻧدﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬:‫ﻧظر‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬)٢٥(
‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫وﻋن‬ ،‫اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﻲ‬:،‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻛر‬
‫ﻣﻌﯾن‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﯾﺣﯾﻰ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬:‫ﺑﻣﻌروف‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﯾﺻﺢ‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬)٢٦(
‫ﯾﺣﯾﻰ‬ ‫وﻋن‬ ،
‫ﻣﻌﯾن‬ ‫اﺑن‬:‫ﺑﺷﻲء‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬)٢٧(
.
٢-‫ام‬‫ز‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﻛﯾم‬ ‫ﻋن‬‫ﻗﺎل‬:‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺛﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺎ‬‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﯾﻣن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬):‫أﻧت‬‫و‬ ‫إﻻ‬ َ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫س‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫طﺎﻫر‬.(
‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟطﺑ‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬)٢٨(
‫اﻷوﺳط‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬)٢٩(
‫ﻗطﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟدا‬‫و‬)٣٠(
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻛم‬‫و‬)٣١(
‫ﺳوﯾد‬ ‫ﯾق‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬم‬ ،
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ام‬‫ز‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﻛﯾم‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺑﻼل‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اق‬‫ر‬‫اﻟو‬ ‫ﻣطر‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺗم‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬":،‫اﻹﺳﻧﺎد‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬
‫ﯾﺧرﺟﺎﻩ‬ ‫وﻟم‬."
‫ﻗﻠت‬:‫اﻟﻧﺳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ي؛‬‫اﻟﺟﺣدر‬ ‫اﻫﯾم‬‫ر‬‫إﺑ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺳوﯾد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣدار‬:‫ﺿﻌﯾف‬)٣٢(
‫ﻋﺔ‬‫زر‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،:
‫ﻟﯾ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘوي‬ ‫س‬)٣٣(
‫ي‬‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎر‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،:‫اﻟوﻫم‬ ‫ﺣدﯾﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟب‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬)٣٤(
‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،
‫ﺣﺑﺎن‬:ُ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯾن‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﯾﺣﯾﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،‫اﻷﺛﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﯾروي‬ْ‫ﺿ‬ِ‫ﺟ‬ُ‫ﻊ‬َ‫اﻟﻘول‬‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬)٣٥(
‫ﻋدي‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،:
‫أﻗرب‬ ‫اﻟﺿﻌف‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﻏﯾ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ‬ ‫أﺣد‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ‫ﻗﺗﺎدة‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬)٣٦(
،‫ﺣﺟر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬:‫ﺻدوق‬
‫أﻏﻼط‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ،‫اﻟﺣﻔظ‬ ‫ﺳﻲء‬)٣٧(
.
٣-‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﻋن‬‫ﻗﺎل‬:‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬):ّ‫س‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫طﺎﻫر‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬.(
‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟطﺑ‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬)٣٨(
‫اﻟﺻﻐﯾر‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬)٣٩(
‫ﻗطﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟدا‬‫و‬)٤٠(
‫اﻟﺑﯾﻬﻘﻲ‬‫و‬)٤١(
‫ﯾق‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻌﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻋ‬ ‫أﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟم‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻣوﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺳﻠﯾﻣﺎن‬،‫ﻓوﻋﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺑد‬‫اﻟﻬﯾﺛﻣﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬:‫اﻩ‬‫و‬‫ر‬
‫ﱠ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻣو‬ ‫ورﺟﺎﻟﻪ‬ ،‫اﻟﺻﻐﯾر‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟطﺑ‬‫ﻘون‬)٤٢(
‫ﺣﺟر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،:‫أن‬ ‫اﻷﺛرم‬ ‫ذﻛر‬ ،‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺄس‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻧﺎدﻩ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺣﺗﺞ‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬)٤٣(
.
‫ﻗﻠت‬:‫ﯾﺞ‬‫ر‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟدﻣﺷﻘﻲ؛‬ ‫ﻣوﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺳﻠﯾﻣﺎن‬ ‫إﺳﻧﺎدﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬:‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،‫ﻓﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ﯾﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﻠم‬ ‫ي‬‫ﻫر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻟت‬
‫ي‬‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎر‬:‫ﻋﻧد‬‫ﻣﻧﺎﻛﯾر‬ ‫ﻩ‬)٤٤(
‫اﻟﻧﺳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،:‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘوي‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬)٤٥(
.
٤-‫ﻓوﻋﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎص‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻋن‬):‫طﺎﻫر‬ ‫أﻧت‬‫و‬ ‫إﻻ‬ َ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫س‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬.(
‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟطﺑ‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬)٤٦(
‫ﯾق‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫ﻣن‬‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠك‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯾد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻓﻊ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬
‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﻐﯾ‬:‫اﻟﻌﺎص‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬.

7. 7
‫ﻗﻠت‬:‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،‫اﻟﻣدﻧﻲ‬ ‫ي‬‫اﻷﻧﺻﺎر‬ ‫ﻋوﯾﻣر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﻓﻊ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬ ‫إﺳﻧﺎدﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬:‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،‫ﺿﻌﯾف‬
‫ﻣﻌﯾن‬:‫ﺣﺎﺗم‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،‫ﺑﺷﻲء‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬:‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻛر‬)٤٧(
‫اﻟﻧﺳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬:‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺗروك‬)٤٨(
‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،
‫ﻗطﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟدا‬‫و‬ ‫اش‬‫ر‬‫ﺧ‬:‫ﻣﺗروك‬)٤٩(
.
‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺣف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫داود‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬‫و‬)٥٠(
‫إﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﯾق‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫ﻣن‬‫ﻋن‬ ،‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﯾل‬
‫ﺑﻠﻔظ‬ ‫ﻓوﻋﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎص‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬":‫ﱠ‬‫ﺗﻣس‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫طﺎﻫر‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫أﻧت‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬".
‫اﻟﺗﻧﻘﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣب‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬":‫ﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﯾدرك‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻘطﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎص‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬ ‫وﺣدﯾث‬
‫ﺑﻌﺿﻬم‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯾف‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫اﺑن‬")٥١(
‫ن‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻘ‬‫اﻟﻣﻠ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،":‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﻫو‬،‫ﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﯾدرك‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻘطﻊ‬
‫ﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﺗرﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔوﻩ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻛ‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬ ‫إﺳﻧﺎدﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫وﺿﻌﯾف‬")٥٢(
،‫ي‬‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎر‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬:
"‫ﻣﻬدي‬ ‫اﺑن‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺣﯾﻰ‬ ‫وﺗرﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ‬ ‫روى‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺎرك‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﻪ‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬")٥٣(
.
‫ﻗﻠت‬:‫ذﻛرو‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻗد‬‫ﻫم‬‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،‫ﻩ‬:‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺗروك‬)٥٤(
.
٥-‫اﻟﺧطﺎب‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﺣدﯾث‬:
‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟك‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫أﻧس‬ ‫ﻋن‬:‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾف‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻘﻠدا‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ج‬‫ﺧر‬:َ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ُﺧ‬‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ك‬َ‫ﻧ‬ْ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ ‫إن‬‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻫﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ا‬َ‫و‬َ‫ﺑ‬َ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫ك‬
‫ﯾﻘرؤون‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫وﻛﺎﻧ‬ ،‫ﺎب‬ّ‫ﺧﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﻬﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫رﺟل‬ ‫وﻋﻧدﻫﻣﺎ‬)‫طﻪ‬(‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬:‫ﻋﻧدﻛم‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫أﻋطوﻧﻲ‬
‫وﻛﺎن‬ ،‫أﻩ‬‫ر‬‫أﻗ‬‫أﺧﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟت‬ ،‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬:،‫ﺗوﺿﺄ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻏﺗﺳل‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ﻓﻘ‬ ،‫رون‬ّ‫اﻟﻣطﻬ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ‫رﺟس‬ ‫إﻧك‬
‫أ‬‫ر‬‫ﻓﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫أﺧذ‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫ﻓﺗوﺿﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎم‬)‫طﻪ‬.(
‫ﺳﻌد‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬)٥٥(
‫ﺔ‬ّ‫ﺷﺑ‬ ‫اﺑن‬‫و‬)٥٦(
‫اﻟدارﻗطﻧﻲ‬‫و‬)٥٧(
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻛم‬‫و‬)٥٨(
‫ﻋﺳﺎﻛر‬ ‫اﺑن‬‫و‬)٥٩(
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﻣﯾﻌ‬ ،‫ﻣن‬
‫أﻧس‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ي‬‫اﻟﺑﺻر‬ ‫ﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﯾق‬‫ر‬‫ط‬‫ﻣﺎﻟك‬ ‫ﺑن‬.
‫اﻟذﻫﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،‫ي‬‫اﻟﺑﺻر‬ ‫ﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳم‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬":‫ﻗﻠت‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ي‬‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬:َ‫ث‬ّ‫ﺣد‬
‫ﺟدا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﻧﻛ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫إﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻷزرق‬ ‫إﺳﺣﺎق‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ‬")٦٠(
،‫ﻗطﻧﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟدا‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬":‫ﻟﯾس‬ ‫ﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳم‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘوي‬")٦١(
.‫ﻗﻠت‬:‫إ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺟد‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ،‫ى‬‫ﻧر‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣوﻗوف‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬‫ﺿﻌﯾف‬ ‫ﻓﻬو‬ ،‫اﻟﻛﻼم‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻻ‬.
‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺛ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟ‬:‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬.
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻫم‬‫ذﻛر‬ ‫ﺗﻘدم‬ ‫ﻋﻣن‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣدث‬ ‫ﻣس‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺑﻌدم‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﺷﺗﻬر‬
‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺳﻛوﺗﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫إﺟﻣﺎﻋ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻛﺎن‬ ،‫ﻣﺧﺎﻟف‬ ‫ﻫم‬‫ﻋﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫ﯾﻌرف‬ ‫وﻟم‬ ،‫ﻫم‬‫وﻣﺷﺎﻫﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎء‬)٦٢(
.
‫اﻟﻣﺣرﻣﯾن‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬:
‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠون‬ ‫أﺟﺎب‬ّ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺗﺣ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻬور‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺣدث؛‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻣس‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬:

8. 8
١–‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ـوﻟﻪ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫إن‬:َ‫ون‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑدﻟﯾل‬ ‫ر؛‬ْ‫ﺑﺄﻣ‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬ ‫ﺧﺑر‬:‫ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾن‬ ‫ﻓﻊ‬‫ر‬:
ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬‫ﻧﻬﯾ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻟو‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ـظ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ـرف‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ـﺟوز‬‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ،‫اﻟﺳﯾن‬ ‫ـﺗﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺑر‬‫ﺑﻧص‬ ‫إﻻ‬
‫ﱠ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣﺗﯾ‬ ‫إﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫ﺟﻠﻲ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ل‬‫ﻓد‬ ،‫اﻟطﺎﻫر‬ ‫وﻏﯾر‬ ‫اﻟطﺎﻫر‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺳﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻷن‬‫و‬ ،‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺷﻲء‬ ‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬ ‫وﻟم‬ ‫ن؛‬
‫اﷲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻛور‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻟم‬‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻣﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺄﯾدي‬ ‫ذي‬ً‫ﺎ‬،‫آﺧر‬
‫اﻟﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫وﻫو‬)٦٣(
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣط‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺄن‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﯾﺿ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﱢ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ط‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻬم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ؛‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬ْ‫ر‬‫ك‬
‫ﻟﻘﯾل‬ ‫آدم‬ ‫ﺑﻧو‬ ‫ﺑﻬم‬ ‫ﯾد‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وﻟو‬ ،‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﻏﯾ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫طﻬ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣط‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫آدم؛‬ ‫ﺑﻧﻲ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫وﻟﯾﺳ‬ ،‫اﻟذﻧوب‬‫و‬:‫رون‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣﺗط‬)٦٤(
.‫ﻗﺎل‬
‫اﻹ‬‫ﻣﺎﻟك‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬":‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻣﻌت‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫أﺣﺳن‬َ‫ون‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﺑس‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬‫ز‬‫ﺑﻣﻧ‬
‫وﺗوﻟﻰ‬:ُ‫ﻩ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ﻛ‬َ‫ذ‬ َ‫ﺎء‬َ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ن‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻓ‬*ٍ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻣ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ر‬َ‫ﻛ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ٍ‫ف‬ُ‫ﺣ‬ُ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ِ‫ﻓ‬*ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻣ‬ ٍ‫ﺔ‬َ‫وﻋ‬ُ‫ﻓ‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ﻣ‬*ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫َﯾ‬‫ﺄ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬*ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫ﺑ‬ ٍ‫ام‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ﻛ‬)١٢-
١٦:‫ﻋﺑس‬()٦٥(
‫ﺑﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،":ُ‫و‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻫم‬ ‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣطﻬ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾد‬‫ر‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ﺻ‬ُ‫ﻔ‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﺳو‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟطﻬﺎ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬
‫ﻋﺑس‬")٦٦(
‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺿﻣﯾر‬‫و‬ ،:ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬ّ‫اﻟﻣﻔﺳ‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﺑﻬذا‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﻛﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌود‬)٦٧(
.
٢–‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺗدل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ‫إن‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ْ‫ﺣ‬ِ‫د‬‫إﺳﻧﺎد‬ ‫ﯾﺧﻠو‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﺿﻌﯾﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ث‬
‫ﺣزم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،‫ﺣﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘوم‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ،‫وﻋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗدح‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺣد‬‫و‬":‫ز‬ِ‫ﺟ‬ُ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺗﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
ّ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟﻧب‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻣﺟﻬول‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫د‬َ‫ﺳﻧ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯾﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻣرﺳﻠﺔ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻲء؛‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺿﻌﯾف‬ ‫ﻋن‬")٦٨(
.
٣–‫ﺑﻌدﻫم‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺎﻟف‬ ‫وﺟود‬ ‫ﺑدﻟﯾل‬ ،‫ﺗﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫دﻋوى‬ ‫إن‬)٦٩(
.
‫اﻟﻣﺎﻧﻌﯾن‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﯾزﯾن‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫اﻋﺗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟرد‬:
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﯾ‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫اﻋﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻬور‬ ّ‫رد‬‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗﺣ‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣدث‬ ‫ﻣس‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺟ‬ ‫ن‬:
‫أوﻻ‬:‫ﺑﺎﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗدﻻل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬َ‫ون‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑﺄﺟوﺑﺔ‬:
١-‫ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺿﻣﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ح‬‫اﻟﻠو‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌود‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺣﻔوظ‬‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺄﯾدي‬ ‫اﻟذي‬،‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬:‫ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫أن‬:َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻟ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ب‬‫ﱠ‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺑﻌد‬
‫ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬َ‫ون‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬،‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺄﯾدي‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ادة‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ظﺎﻫ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬‫ﺧﺑر‬ ‫وﻫو‬
ْ‫ﻠ‬ُ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫ﻟزم‬ ‫أﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻗﯾ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻟو‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ف‬‫ﻪ‬ّ‫ﯾﻣﺳ‬ ‫ر‬ّ‫اﻟﻣﺗطﻬ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ن‬)٧٠(
،‫وﻗﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻧووي‬":‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫ﺗ‬‫ﯾﺢ‬‫ر‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﺑدﻟﯾل‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﻏﯾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺣﻣل‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ادة‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ظﺎﻫر‬
")٧١(
،‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﻣﻧﻪ‬ ،‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،‫اﻟﺧﺑر‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻲ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻬذا‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺑﯾن‬:

9. 9
ِ‫د‬َ‫ﻟ‬َ‫و‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫د‬ِ‫اﻟ‬َ‫و‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺎر‬َ‫ﺿ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻫ‬]٢٣٣:‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑﻘ‬[،‫ﻧﻬﯾ‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻣن‬ ‫ﺧﺑر‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻣﻧﻪ‬ ،:)‫أﺣدﻛم‬ ‫ﯾﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫أﺧﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬()٧٢(
‫ﻧﻬﯾ‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻣن‬ ‫ﺧﺑر‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ،‫اﻟﯾﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺛﺑﺎت‬ً‫ﺎ‬)٧٣(
.
٢-‫ﻫم‬‫طﻬر‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن‬ ‫ﻫم‬ ‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣطﻬ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫آدم؛‬ ‫ﺑﻧﻲ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫وﻟﯾﺳ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻫم‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣطﻬ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﻬم‬ ‫ﯾد‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻟو‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻫم‬‫ﻏﯾر‬‫ﻟﻘﯾل‬ ‫آدم‬ ‫ﻧو‬)‫اﻟﻣﺗطﻬرون‬.(
‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬:‫اﻟﻣﺗوﺿﺊ‬ ‫أن‬‫ر‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫وﻣﺗط‬ ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣط‬)٧٤(
.
٣-‫ﺑﺎﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗدﻻل‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﻔﺳ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻬور‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣطﻬ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺳﻠﯾم‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫آدم‬ ‫ﺑﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﯾﺎس‬)٧٥(
.
٤-‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬":‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ة؛‬‫ر‬‫اﻹﺷﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻧﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺻ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ت‬ُ‫ﺣ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ف‬
‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﯾﻣ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣط‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﯾﻣ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﺄﯾدﯾﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻓﻛذﻟك‬ ‫رون؛‬‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬‫و‬ ،‫طﺎﻫر‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺗق‬")٧٦(
.
‫أﯾﺿ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ً‫ﺎ‬":‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟوﺟﻪ‬-‫أﻋﻠم‬ ‫اﷲ‬‫و‬-‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻔوظ‬ ‫ح‬‫اﻟﻠو‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫أن‬
‫أن‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬‫ﻗ‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣل‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯾﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫أو‬
‫أدﯾﻣ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺟر‬ ‫أو‬ً‫ا‬‫ﻟﺣﺎﻓ‬ ‫أو‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﯾﻣ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫م‬ْ‫ﻛ‬ُ‫ﺣ‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ،‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣط‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫أن‬ ‫وﺟب‬ ‫رون؛‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫م‬‫ﯾﻌ‬ ‫ﺟﻧس‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫ﻛﺣرﻣﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺣرﻣﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻛذﻟك؛‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ل‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫أوﺣﻰ‬ ،‫اﻷرض‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬:‫و‬ُ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ﺳ‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬ً‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻣ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬ُ‫ﺣ‬ُ‫ﺻ‬*
ٌ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻣ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﻗ‬ ٌ‫ب‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﯾﻬ‬ِ‫ﻓ‬)٢-٣:‫اﻟﺑﯾﻧﺔ‬.(‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﻛذﻟك‬:ٍ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻣ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ر‬َ‫ﻛ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻣ‬ ٍ‫ف‬ُ‫ﺣ‬ُ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ِ‫ﻓ‬*ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻣ‬ ٍ‫ﺔ‬َ‫وﻋ‬ُ‫ﻓ‬ْ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬)‫ﻋﺑس‬
١٣-١٤(‫ﯾﺻﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻣطﻬ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓوﺻﻔﻬﺎ‬ُ‫ﻟﻠﻣ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬ِ‫د‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ث‬‫ﻬﺎ‬")٧٧(
.
٥-‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ِ‫ﯾﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬َ‫اﻟﺣ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬":،‫رون‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣط‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻬم‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب؛‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻣس‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫وﺻﻠت‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ ‫إن‬
‫ﱠ‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻟﻣﯾ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣط‬‫و‬َ‫اﻟﻣ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺑﺎدة‬ ‫ر‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ﺿ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﯾﻣس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣط‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﺛﺑت‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬‫ﻋﻧﻬﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻣﻧوﻋﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺋض‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻧب‬‫و‬ ،‫اف‬‫و‬‫اﻟط‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ع‬‫ﻣﻣﻧو‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛذﻟك؛‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬ ‫ث‬ِ‫ﻟﻣﺣد‬
ّ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﺣﻣل‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫ﯾﻛن‬ ‫ﻓﻠم‬ ‫آن؛‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫اءة‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫وﻋن‬‫ﻪ‬")٧٨(
.
٦-‫اﻟﺟﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬":ْ‫إن‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔظ‬ َ‫ل‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﺣ‬‫ﻋﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺑر؛‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﺻو‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ن‬ٕ‫ا‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﻣ‬‫أوﻟﻰ؛‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ،‫ﻓﯾﻧﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺎ‬‫أﺧﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﺗظﺎﻫ‬‫ﺣزم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻣرو‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺗب‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬:)ّ‫ﯾﻣس‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬‫إﻻ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬
‫طﺎﻫر‬(‫ﻧﻬ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓوﺟب‬ ،‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﺣﺗﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬")٧٩(
.

10. 10
‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾ‬:‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺎ‬ ‫م؛‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣﺳﻠ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣل‬‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺣﺗﺟﺎج‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻷﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ‫ﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫دﻋوى‬ ‫أن‬:
١-‫اﺣد‬‫و‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫إﺳﻧﺎد‬ ‫ﯾﺧﻠو‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ن‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﯾث؛‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫أن‬‫أﻗل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻰ‬‫ر‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻗﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫ع‬‫ﻣﺟﻣو‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل؛‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫أﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣل‬ ‫ووﺟب‬ ،‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺗﺟﺎج‬ ‫ﻓﺻﻠﺢ‬ ،‫اﻟﺣﺳن‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎ‬‫و‬‫أﺣ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺿﻬم‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫ﻧﻘل‬ ‫ﺗﻘدم‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﺷﻬو‬.
٢-‫اﻟﺑر‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬":‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫إرﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟك‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﺳﻧد‬ ‫روي‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ، ‫اﻹﺳﻧﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﻬذا‬ ‫ﯾث‬ً‫ا‬‫وﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻐﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌروف‬ ،‫اﻟﺳﯾر‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﻣﺷﻬور‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ،‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺟﯾﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺗر‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣﺗ‬ ‫أﺷﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻧﺎد؛‬‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﻌ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺑول‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻠﻘﻲ‬")٨٠(
.
٣-‫اﻷﻟﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬":‫أﺑ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬ ،‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫اﺑن‬‫و‬ ،‫ام‬‫ز‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﺣﻛﯾم‬ ، ‫ﺣزم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻣرو‬ ‫ﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫روي‬ ،‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬‫ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎص‬"‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺣد‬‫و‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻧﯾد‬ ‫ﺳﺎق‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ،":‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫وﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬:‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺧﻠو‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫أن‬
‫ﺳوء‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫اﻹرﺳﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻣﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫ﺑﻛذب‬ ‫اﺗﻬم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻲء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﯾر؛‬ ‫ﺿﻌف‬ ‫وﻟﻛﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺿﻌف‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘرر‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ،‫اﻟﺣﻔظ‬‫ﺑﻌﺿ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ّ‫ﯾﻘو‬ ‫اﻟطرق‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻛن‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫إذا‬َ‫ﻬ‬‫م‬‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﻗر‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،
ْ‫ﻔ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻧ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ،‫ﺷرﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾوطﻲ‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ،‫ﯾﺑﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ﺗﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧووي‬‫اﺣﺗﺞ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫ﺳﯾﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻟﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗطﻣﺋن‬ ‫س‬
‫أﯾﺿ‬ ‫وﺻﺣﺣﻪ‬ ،‫ﺣﻧﺑل‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫إﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫اﻫوﯾﻪ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫إﺳﺣﺎق‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺑﻪ‬")٨١(
.
‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺛ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟ‬:‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻟﺛﺑوت‬ ،‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﻓﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫إﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫ﺛﺑوت‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫دﻋوى‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬–‫رﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻧﻬم‬ ‫اﷲ‬-‫ﻋﺻ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫ﯾﻌرف‬ ‫وﻟم‬ ،‫وﺑﻌدﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺑوة‬ ‫زﻣن‬‫إﺟﻣﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬم‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻛﺎن‬ ،‫ﻣﺧﺎﻟف‬ ‫ﻫم‬‫ر‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﻛوﺗﯾ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺗﺣ‬‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬":‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫وﻋﺑد‬ ،‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫وﻫو‬
‫ﻣﺧﺎﻟف‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻠم‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻫﻣﺎ‬‫وﻏﯾر‬")٨٢(
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،‫ﻧووي‬":‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫وﺳﻌد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫إﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫اﺑن‬‫و‬ ‫وﻗﺎص‬-‫ﻋﻧﻬم‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺿﻲ‬-‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺎﻟف‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫ﯾﻌرف‬ ‫وﻟم‬")٨٣(
.
‫اﻟﻣﺟﯾزﯾن‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬:
‫اﻟﻣﺟﯾزون‬ ‫اﺳﺗدل‬‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﯾﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ذﻫﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬:
١-‫ي‬‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬)٨٤(
‫وﻣﺳﻠم‬)٨٥(
‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫أن‬ِ‫د‬ ‫ﺑﻌث‬ْ‫ﺣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬‫ﺑﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫اﻟروم‬ ‫ﻋظﯾم‬ ‫ﻗل‬‫ر‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬ ،‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﯾدﻋوﻩ‬:‫ﱠ‬‫ﻻ‬‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ﻛ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ْ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﺑ‬َ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ْ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ ٍ‫اء‬َ‫و‬َ‫ﺳ‬ ٍ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻛ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ِ‫ﺎب‬َ‫ﺗ‬ِ‫اﻟﻛ‬ َ‫ل‬ْ‫َﻫ‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ﻗ‬
‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫و‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺈن‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ،ِ‫اﷲ‬ ِ‫ون‬ُ‫د‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﺑ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ْ‫َر‬‫أ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿ‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ُ‫ﺿ‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫ذ‬ِ‫ﺧ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬َ‫و‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬ْ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﺷ‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ﺷ‬ُ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻻ‬َ‫و‬ َ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻻ‬‫إ‬ َ‫د‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﻧ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫د‬َ‫ﻬ‬ْ‫ﺷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ﻟ‬‫و‬ُ‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﻓ‬
َ‫ون‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺳ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻧ‬َ‫ﺄ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬]٦٤:‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ﻋﻣ‬ ‫آل‬[.
‫ﺣزم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬":‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﻓﻬذا‬‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌث‬ ‫ﻗد‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﻧﻬم‬ ‫أﯾﻘن‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،‫ى‬‫اﻟﻧﺻﺎر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬
َ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﻣ‬‫أوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣدث‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﺟﺎز‬ ‫ﻟﻪ؛‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓر‬ ‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﺟﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ،‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ون‬ّ‫ﺳ‬")٨٦(
.

11. 11
٢-‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬‫اﻷﺻﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اءة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﻓﯾﺑﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬ ‫ن‬
‫اﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬)٨٧(
.
‫اﻟﻣﺟﯾزﯾن‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬:
‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫از؛‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺟ‬ ‫ـﯾن‬‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋ‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺣدث‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻣس‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺑﻌدم‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠون‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻬور‬ ‫أﺟﺎب‬:
١.‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫أﺟﯾب‬:‫اﻟر‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾدل‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫آﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻣن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫وﻣﺛ‬ ،‫وﻧﺣوﻫﺎ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬‫ﻣﺻﺣﻔ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ل‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺻد‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺗﯾن‬ ‫ر‬ْ‫ﻛ‬ِ‫وذ‬ ،‫ﺣرﻣﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬
‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺛل‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺟ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﺧﺗص‬ ‫اﻟدﻋوة‬ ‫ﺗﺑﻠﯾﻎ‬)٨٨(
‫ﺣﺟر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻓظ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،":‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫أﺷﯾﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﺷﺗﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫إن‬
‫آ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ر‬ِ‫ﻛ‬ُ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻟو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺷﺑﻪ‬ ، ‫اﻵﯾﺗﯾن‬ّ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ‫اءﺗﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ،‫اﻟﺗﻔﺳﯾر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫وﻧص‬ ،‫اﻟﺗﻼوة‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺻد‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻬور؛‬:‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،‫اﻟﺗﺑﻠﯾﻎ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺻﻠﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺧص‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻣﻧﻬم‬ ،‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﻵﯾﺗﯾن‬‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﯾل‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺟ‬")٨٩(
.
٢.‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫أﺟﯾب‬‫و‬‫ﺑل‬ ، ّ‫اﻟﻣس‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾدل‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾرد‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺳﻠﯾم‬ ‫م‬
‫اﻷﺻﻠ‬ ‫اءة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﯾﺑﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ،‫اﻟﺟﻣﻬور‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ذﻛ‬ ‫ﺳﺑق‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾدل‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﻣﺎ‬ ‫ورد‬‫ﯾﺔ؛‬
‫اﺳﺗﻧﺑﺎط‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﻗل‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﺛﺑوت‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﻧﺻ‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬.
‫اﻟ‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟردود‬‫ﻣﺟﯾزﯾن‬:
١-‫اﻟﻔرق‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ،‫إﺛﺑﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺳﺗطﯾﻌ‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻘط؛‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ّ‫ﻟﻣس‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﺛﺑت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﺻﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟرد‬ ‫ﻫذا‬
‫اد‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬ ‫أﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ؟‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺗﯾن‬‫و‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ؟‬ ‫أو‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ّ‫ﯾﻣس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬
‫أ‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻣس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬‫اﻟﺗﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﻬذا‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫أﻟﯾس‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ؟‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﻛﺛ‬
‫دﻟﯾل؟‬ ‫ﺑﻐﯾر‬!‫ﺣزم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬":‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﺑﻌث‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻗﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫ﻗﯾل‬ ‫اﺣدة؛‬‫و‬ ‫آﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻗل‬‫ر‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬:‫ﯾﻣﻧﻊ‬ ‫وﻟم‬
‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﺗﻘﯾﺳ‬ ْ‫ﻟم‬ َ‫م‬ِ‫ﻓﻠ‬ ،‫ﻗﯾﺎس‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫أﻧﺗم‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻓﺗﻘﯾﺳ‬ ،
‫ﻫﺎ؟‬‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬!")٩٠(
.
٢-‫ﻓﺎﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع؛‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫دﻟﯾل؛‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫م‬َ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﺗﻣوﻫﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ذﻛ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬:
َ‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻔوظ‬ ‫ح‬‫اﻟﻠو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗدل‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺑﯾن‬ ،‫دﻻﻟﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧوﻗﺷت‬ ‫ﻗد‬
‫اﻟﺑ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻘل‬‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺣﺗﺟﺎج‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯾﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﯾث‬،‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻷﺻﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اءة‬‫ر‬
‫اﻟﻣﺧﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺛﺑوت‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻘوض‬ ‫وﻫو‬.

12. 12
‫اﻟﻣﺟﯾزﯾن‬ ‫ردود‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣرﻣﯾن‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫اﻋﺗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟردود‬:
‫أوﻻ‬:‫ﺑﺎﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗدﻻل‬ ‫ﺑﺷﺄن‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻬور‬ ‫إﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟردود‬:َ‫ون‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬:
١-‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻗﺎﻟ‬":‫ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫إن‬:‫ﱢ‬‫ب‬‫ﱠ‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻟ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬َ‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬
‫وﻟو‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺑر‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ،‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺄﯾدي‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ادة‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ظﺎﻫ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺔ‬‫أﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻗﯾ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻪ‬ّ‫ﯾﻣﺳ‬ ‫ر‬ّ‫اﻟﻣﺗطﻬ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻠف‬ُ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫ﻟزم‬")٩١(
.
‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬:‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺧﺑر‬ ،‫ﻧﻌم‬ّ‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎ‬ ّ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣس‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺻود‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻛم‬ ‫أﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬ ،‫ﻓﻪ‬
‫ى‬‫ﺗر‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫وﻓرق‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺣﻔوظ‬ ‫ح‬‫اﻟﻠو‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬ ‫إﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف؟‬!‫ح‬‫اﻟﻠو‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗطﻌ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫إن‬
َ‫ﺳﯾﻣ‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺣﻔوظ‬‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ؟‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻔوظ‬ ‫ح‬‫اﻟﻠو‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫س‬!‫ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬:َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻟ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ب‬‫ﱠ‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻓﻬو‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾدل‬‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫آﯾﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻧزل‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻧون؛‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻔوظ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫أن‬‫ﯾوﺻف‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﯾﻧﺋذ‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ،
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬)ّ‫ﯾﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫اﻟﻣطﻬرون‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬(‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾوﺻف‬ ‫ﺑل‬)‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾن‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾل‬‫ز‬‫ﺗﻧ‬(،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻔوظ‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘ‬
‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻧزل‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ ‫وﻫم‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻬرون‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ّ‫ﯾﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟذي‬ ،
‫ﺑﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،‫ل‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﻣﻧز‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫رون‬ّ‫اﻟﻣطﻬ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺳﻪ‬":‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺑر‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻗﺎﻟ‬
ُ‫و‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻲ؛‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ِ‫ﺟ‬َ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫د‬ّ‫ط‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺢ‬‫ﯾﺻ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ،‫وﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺗﺿﺎدان‬ ‫ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺧﺗﻠﻔﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾوﺟد؛‬ ‫أن‬")٩٢(
،‫وﻗﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺷوﻛﺎﻧﻲ‬":‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻘوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟﻧب‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﻧﻌون‬ ‫اﺳﺗدل‬‫ﻻ‬َ‫ون‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬‫ﺟﻌل‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻫو‬
‫اﻟﻣطﻬرون‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻷﻗرب‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻔوظ؛‬ ‫ح‬‫اﻟﻠو‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺟوﻋﻪ‬‫ر‬ ‫اﻟظﺎﻫر‬‫و‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫اﺟﻌ‬‫ر‬ ‫اﻟﺿﻣﯾر‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ع‬‫اﻟرﺟو‬ ‫وﯾﺗوﺟﻪ‬ ،‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺣد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣل‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻣﺗﻧﻊ‬ ،‫اﻻﺣﺗﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻗل‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫اﻟظﻬور‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫م‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬ُ‫ﺳ‬ ‫وﻟو‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬
‫اءة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑ‬‫اﻷﺻﻠﯾﺔ‬")٩٣(
،‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬:‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻫ‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ﻟ‬َ‫و‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫د‬ِ‫اﻟ‬َ‫و‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺎر‬َ‫ﺿ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬]٢٣٣:‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑﻘ‬[‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬‫و‬ ،":‫أﺣدﻛم‬ ‫ﯾﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫أﺧﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬"‫ي‬‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎر‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬)٩٤(
‫ﺑﺗﻘدﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾﺎق؛‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺿﺢ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫؛‬":َ‫أﻣ‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫اﷲ‬‫أن‬
"‫ﺑﺗﻘدﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ،":ْ‫ﺄ‬‫ﺷ‬ُ‫ن‬ِ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠم‬‫ﻫو‬"‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذي‬:َ‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ﺻ‬‫ف‬
‫اﺿﺢ‬‫و‬.
٢-‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻗﺎﻟ‬:‫اﻟﻣﺗوﺿﺊ‬ ‫إن‬‫ر‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫وﻣﺗط‬ ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣط‬)٩٥(
،‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫وﺟ‬:‫اﻟﺑﺷر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘول‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬" :‫طﺎﻫر‬‫ر‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫وﻣﺗط‬"‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬
‫ﺗﻘول‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬"‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣط‬"‫ﻷن‬ ‫ك؛‬َ‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﯾر‬"‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣط‬"‫ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬ ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﻏﯾ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ط‬ ‫ﻣن‬.
٣-‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎس‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬،‫اﻟﺧﻠق‬ ‫أﺻل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻠك‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎرق‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫؛‬ً‫ا‬‫أﺑد‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫آدم‬ ‫ﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻬم‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻟﻧ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣس‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫اد‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺗوﺿﺄ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ،‫اﻷﻋﻣﺎل‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟوظﺎﺋف‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗب‬‫ر‬‫ﯾﺗ‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻣﺎ‬
‫ذﻟك؟‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬!‫اﻟﺗطﻬ‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗطﻬﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺻود‬ ‫وﻫل‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻪ؟‬ ‫أﺻل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ط‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟذي‬ ‫ر‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣﺗط‬ ‫وﻫل‬‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﯾر‬
‫آﺧر؟‬ ‫ﺗطﻬﯾر‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫أم‬ ‫اﻟوﺿوء؟‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻏﺗﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ْ‫ﻛ‬ُ‫اﻟﺣ‬ ‫اﻟﺗطﻬﯾر‬ ‫أم‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺟﺎﺳﺎت؟‬

13. 13
٤-‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗول‬":‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻹﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫إﻧﻪ‬"‫ﺑﻬم‬ ‫اﻹﻗﺗداء‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺷؤوﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎ؛‬ ‫ارد‬‫و‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ،
‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﺷﺄﻧﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺷﺄﻧﻬم‬ ،‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬:َ‫ون‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﻬﯾ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺳت‬‫ﻟﺣﺎل‬ ‫وﺻف‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻣﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬
‫ل‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟﻠﻣﻧز‬ ‫وﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﯾﺳت‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﺷﺄن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻗﻊ‬‫و‬.
‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬":‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻔوظ‬ ‫ح‬‫اﻟﻠو‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫إن‬"‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑل‬ ،‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻬذا‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﺷﺄن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻔروﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺳت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ،‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﻋﻠم‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ٌ‫ﻋﻠوم‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎدﯾر‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫اﺳﺗدﻻﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ّ‫أﻣ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧزل‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻼم‬ ‫ﺑل‬ ،‫اﻟﺳﻣﺎء‬
ُ‫ﻟﻠﻣ‬ ‫ﯾﺻﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ،‫ﻣﺔ‬ّ‫وﻣﻛر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ّ‫ﻣطﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬ِ‫د‬‫آن‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎب‬‫ر‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف؛‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬ ‫ث‬
‫ﺳﻠﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯾؤﺛر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ث‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ﺣ‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫أﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬ ،‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬‫اﻟﺻﻔﺎت؟‬ ‫ﻟﻬذﻩ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬!‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺳﯾﺑﻘﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻘص‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﺷﺄن‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺔ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗطﻬﯾر‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺻﺣف؛‬ ‫ث‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ﺣ‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ّ‫وﻣﻛر‬ ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣط‬.
٥-‫ﻋﺟﯾب‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻠﯾﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗول‬!‫ﻣن‬ ‫ع‬‫ﻣﻣﻧو‬ ‫ث‬ِ‫اﻟﻣﺣد‬ ‫ﻓﻬل‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﻣرﺿ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺑﺎدة‬ ‫ﱠر‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻟﻣﯾ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣط‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾذﻛر‬ ‫ﻓﻬو‬
‫اﻟذﻛر‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫أم‬ ‫؛‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣطﻠﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺑﺎدة‬‫وﻫل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻧص؟‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻣﺎ‬ ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺑﺎدات‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺳﺑﯾﺢ‬‫و‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺗﺟﺎج‬‫و‬ ‫ﻵﯾﺔ‬ ٌ‫م‬ْ‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣدة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف؛‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻣﻧوﻋﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻧب‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺋض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺛﺑت‬
‫اﻷﺣﺎدﯾث؟‬!‫ﯾﻘول‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬم‬ ‫ر؟‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣط‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﱡﻪ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﯾﻣ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﯾﺿ‬‫و‬":‫ر‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣﺗط‬ ‫ﱡﻪ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﯾﻣ‬"‫وﻓرق‬ ،
‫ﺑﯾﻧﻬﻣﺎ‬!
٦-‫أﻣ‬‫و‬ً‫ﻼ‬‫دﻟﯾ‬ ‫ﯾﺻﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ،‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﺣزم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻣرو‬ ‫ﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻣدﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﺎ‬.
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ‬:‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱞ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻣﺑﻧ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﺑل‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻬور‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺗﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ‫ﺑﺿﻌف‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫أن‬
‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧد‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ال‬‫و‬‫اﻷﻗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ّ‫اﻟرد‬ ‫وﯾﻣﻛن‬ ،‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣوﺿﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻔﯾﺿﺔ‬:
١.‫أ‬‫ﺗﺣﺳﯾن‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﯾﻧﺟﺑر‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ا؛‬‫و‬‫ﻗﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ن‬َ‫اﻟﺣﺳ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻰ‬‫ر‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻊ‬ ‫أﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ‫ن‬
‫اﻟﻧﺻوص‬ ‫ﻟﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻬم‬َ‫وﻣ‬ُ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ﻓ‬ ‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧص‬ ‫اء‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ٌ‫ي‬ْ‫ﺟر‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬.
٢.‫ﺑﻌﻣل‬ ‫ق‬ّ‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟﺗﻌ‬ ‫وﻟﻣﺎذا‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻔﯾﺿﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫د‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ﻓﯾ‬ ‫اﻟﺑر؛‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬
‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬‫اﻟﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻋﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﺷر‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺻوص‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎد‬ ‫دون‬!
٣.‫ظﺎﻫر‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺎﻫل‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ذﻛر؛‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫وﺗﺻﺣﯾﺣﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬!‫اوي‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﻔظ‬ ‫وﺳوء‬ ‫اﻹرﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻫل‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣون‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫م‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ﻠ‬ُ‫وﯾ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻼﯾﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ َ‫ﱠﺢ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻟﯾﺻ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺗﺟﺎوز‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻬﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣور‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫؟‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﯾ‬‫ﺷر‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫دﻟﯾ‬!‫اﺣﺗﺟ‬ ‫وﻫل‬‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ؛‬ ‫إﺳﻧﺎد‬ ‫وﻛﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺑوت‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑﺣدﯾث‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟم‬ ‫ﺎج‬
‫اﻟﺗﺻﺣﯾﺢ؟‬ ‫اﺑط‬‫و‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻟﻬذا‬ ‫وﻧﺗرك‬

14. 14
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ‬:‫وﺟودﻩ؟‬ ‫ﺑﻌدم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺎوي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺧﺎﻟف‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻼف؛‬ ‫ﺑﺛﺑوت‬ ‫ﻓﻣﻧﻘوﺿﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫دﻋوى‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬!
‫اﻟﻔﺗﺎوى‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣوﺿﻌ‬ ‫ﻋﺷر‬ ‫اﺛﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ى‬‫ﻧر‬ ‫إﻧﻧﺎ‬)٩٦(
،‫ﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫م‬َ‫ﻛ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬ُ‫ﯾ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫وﻫل‬
‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ع‬‫ﺟو‬‫اﻟر‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء؛‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺎء‬‫؟‬
‫اﻟﺳﺑﯾل‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻟدﻛﺗور‬ ‫ﺗرﺟﯾﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬:
‫ﺑﺣﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻬور‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺑﯾل‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫اﻟدﻛﺗور‬ ‫رﺟﺢ‬"‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻟﻣس‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟطﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬"،‫ﻷﻣور‬
‫وﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋرﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻫذا‬)٩٧(
:
١-،‫إﻟﯾﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ذﻫﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫اﺳﺗدﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗوة‬‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫وﺟ‬:‫ﺿﻌﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻗد‬.
٢-،‫اﻟﻣﺧﺎﻟف‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻌف‬‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫وﺟ‬:‫ﱠ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﻗد‬َ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻗوﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ت‬.
٣-‫اﻷﺻل‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﻗل‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﺻوﻟﯾﯾن‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ذﻫب‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،‫اﻷﺻل‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗل‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫اﻟﻣس‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺗﺣ‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫أن‬
ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫م‬‫ﱠ‬‫د‬‫ﻣﻘ‬‫اﻷﺻﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اءة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ‬ْ‫ﺑ‬)٩٨(
،‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫وﺟ‬:‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺑﺧﻼف‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻧﺎﻗل‬ ‫ﺛﺑت‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻫذا‬.
٤-‫أوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘول‬ ،‫ﻟﻠذﻣﺔ‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫أﺑ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻌﺑﺎدة‬ ‫ط‬َ‫أﺣو‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺣ‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫أن‬)٩٩(
،‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫وﺟ‬:‫دﻟﯾل‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺣ‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬
‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬم‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﱠر‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﺷدﯾد‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘل‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻠﯾف‬)١٠٠(
.
٥-‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺣ‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫أن‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫وﺻف‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫وﺗﻌظﯾﻣﻪ؛‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﺗﻛ‬ ‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻫو‬
‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣس‬ُ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻪ‬‫ر‬‫وﺗﻛ‬ ‫ﻹﺟﻼﻟﻪ‬ ‫ب‬َ‫اﻷﻧﺳ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻌظﯾﻣﻪ‬ ‫ق‬َ‫ﯾ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﻓﺎ‬ ،‫ﻣﻪ‬ّ‫وﻛر‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ّ‫ﻓﻌظﻣ‬ ،‫رون‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻣط‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﱡﻪ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﯾﻣ‬
‫ﯾﻣﻪ‬‫ر‬‫وﺗﻛ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻌظﯾﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﱞ‬‫ل‬ِ‫ﺧ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫طﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ؛‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫طﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﻻ‬.
‫ا‬‫و‬‫وﺟ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬:‫ﱠ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗﻛ‬ْ‫ر‬،‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺟﺗﻬد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻘل‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬ ،‫ﻛذﻟك‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ع‬
‫أﻋظم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻘﯾم‬ ‫ﻓﻛﯾف‬ ،‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ذﻛر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫ﻧ‬ُ‫اﻟﺟ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ث‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ﺣ‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻧﻊ‬ ‫أﺣد‬ ‫ﯾﻘول‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬
‫ﯾﻘول‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﷲ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﷲ‬ ‫ذﻛر‬ ‫ﻣن‬:ُ‫ر‬َ‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ﻛ‬َ‫أ‬ ِ‫اﷲ‬ ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ﻛ‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ﻟ‬َ‫و‬]٤٥:‫اﻟﻌﻧﻛﺑو‬‫ت‬[.
‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬:َ‫ون‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻬم‬ ‫ﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻓﻘد‬.
٦-‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﻟذا‬ ، ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻬم‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ،‫وﺑﻌدﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺑوة‬ ‫زﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻘول‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺣ‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫أن‬
‫اﻟﺑر‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫وﺟﻣﺎﻫﯾر‬ ،‫ﻫم‬‫وﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟﻣذاﻫب‬ ‫أﺋﻣﺔ‬":‫اﻷﻣﺻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫أﺟﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟذﯾن‬ ‫ﺎر‬
‫طﺎﻫر‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎﺑﻬم‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺗوى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﺗدور‬")١٠١(
.
‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫وﺟ‬:‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫داﻣت‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻬم؛‬ ‫ﻧﻛﯾر‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻬم‬‫و‬‫أﻗ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻌدد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌروف‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻧﻘل‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﻋﻲ‬‫اﻟﺷر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟدﻟﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﻣدﻋوم‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﯾﺗرﺟﺢ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﺧﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗوﻋب‬‫ﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬

15. 15
‫أﯾﻧﺎ‬‫ر‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫إﺟﻣﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺧﺎﻟف‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬ ُ‫ﻋﺎء‬ّ‫اد‬‫و‬ ،ً‫ا‬‫ﻋدد‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬
‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟظﺎﻫ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬.
٧-‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ـﻼم‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬":‫وﻫذا‬ ،‫ـور‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﻘول‬ ‫اﻟوﺿوء‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﻣس‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬
‫وﺳﻠﻣﺎ‬ ‫ـﻌد‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌروف‬ ‫ﻫو‬‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫اﺑن‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬")١٠٢(
‫اﻟدﻛﺗور‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،:‫اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓدل‬
‫أدﻟﺗﻬم‬ ‫ﻟﺿﻌف‬ ‫ﺑﻘوﻟﻬم‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺗداد‬ ‫وﻋدم‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻣﺧﺎﻟﻔﯾن‬.
‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫وﺟ‬:‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﻘد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﯾﺣﯾن؟‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺿﻌف‬ ‫أﯾن‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾن؟‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ّ‫اﻟﻣﺣر‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗوة‬ ‫أﯾن‬
‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻋﻛس‬.
٨-‫أﺋ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫أﻓﺗﻰ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫أﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫م‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠ‬ ‫أن‬‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫أﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﻌدﻫم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫اﺧﺗﺎ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﯾن‬ ‫ﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻔﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ،‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﯾوﻣﻧﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻌدﻫﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻔﺿﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺻور‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻬدﯾن‬
‫وﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺻر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻘﻘﯾن‬)١٠٣(
.
‫اﺑﻪ‬‫و‬‫وﺟ‬:‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺣ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﯾن‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺳت‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫ﻓرﺟﻊ‬ ،‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻟم‬.
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬:
‫ﱠ‬‫ﯾﻣس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓر؛‬‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎء‬َ‫ﻔ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻧ‬‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺋض‬‫و‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫ﻧ‬ُ‫اﻟﺟ‬‫و‬ ‫ث‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﺗﻘدم‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬
‫ﯾر‬‫ز‬‫اﻟو‬ ‫اﻫﯾم‬‫ر‬‫إﺑ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺷوﻛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘل‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،‫ث‬َ‫د‬َ‫اﻟﺣ‬ ‫اﻧﻌدام‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠطﻬﺎ‬ ‫اط‬‫ر‬‫اﺷﺗ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬
‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬":‫ﻟﯾس‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻣؤﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫س‬ِ‫ﺟ‬‫اﻟﻧ‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫إطﻼق‬ ‫إن‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻐر‬ ‫ث‬َ‫د‬َ‫اﻟﺣ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾض‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻧﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑطﺎﻫر‬
‫ﱡ‬‫ﺢ‬‫ﯾﺻ‬‫اﻟﺷوﻛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،ً‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ً‫ا‬‫ز‬‫ﻣﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬:‫أو‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﻧﺑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬‫ﺳ‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫داﺋﻣ‬ ‫طﺎﻫر‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻣؤﻣن‬ ،‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
‫ﻧﺟﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬َ‫ﺑد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أو‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛ‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ﺣ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫أو‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﺋﺿ‬")١٠٤(
.
‫ﻗﻠت‬:ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﯾﺿ‬ ‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬ ‫وﻟم‬‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ع‬‫ﻣﻣﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓر‬ ‫أن‬ّ‫ﻛ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ن‬‫وﻣن‬ ‫اﻟروم‬ ‫ﻣﻠك‬ ‫ﻗل‬‫ر‬‫ﻫ‬
‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫؛‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣطﻠﻘ‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾدﻟﻧﺎ‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫آﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻪ‬ ّ‫ﻣس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‬‫ن‬ّ‫ﯾﺑﯾ‬ ‫ﻟم‬
،‫ﺧﺻوﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺟود‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬‫وﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻛﻔﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ّ‫اﻟﺗﺣد‬ ‫آﯾﺎت‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﯾﺿ‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ّ‫ﻟ‬‫وﯾد‬:
١-ْ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ﺑ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ز‬َ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ٍ‫ب‬ْ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ﻲ‬ِ‫ﻓ‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ﻧﺗ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ن‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬‫إن‬ ِ‫اﷲ‬ ِ‫ون‬ُ‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ﻛ‬َ‫اء‬َ‫د‬َ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ْ‫اد‬َ‫و‬ ،ِ‫ﻪ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺛ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ور‬ُ‫ﺳ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ﺗ‬
َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ﻗ‬ِ‫ﺎد‬َ‫ﺻ‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ﻧﺗ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬]٢٣:‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑﻘ‬:[.
٢-ِ‫ﻪ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺛ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ور‬ُ‫ﺳ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ْﺗ‬‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ﻗ‬ ،‫اﻩ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ْﺗ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ا‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ﻟ‬‫و‬ُ‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ْ‫َم‬‫أ‬َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ﻗ‬ِ‫ﺎد‬َ‫ﺻ‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ﻧﺗ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬ ‫إن‬ ِ‫اﷲ‬ ِ‫ون‬ُ‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫اﺳ‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ْ‫اد‬َ‫و‬]٣٨:
‫ﯾوﻧس‬[.
٣-ْ‫َم‬‫أ‬‫ﻧ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬ ‫إن‬ ِ‫اﷲ‬ ِ‫ون‬ُ‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫اﺳ‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ْ‫اد‬َ‫و‬ ٍ‫ﯾﺎت‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﻔ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺛ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ٍ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ﺳ‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ﺷ‬َ‫ﻌ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ْﺗ‬‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ﻗ‬ ،‫اﻩ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ْﺗ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ا‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ﻟ‬‫و‬ُ‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﯾ‬‫م‬ُ‫ﺗ‬
َ‫ﯾن‬ِ‫ﻗ‬ِ‫ﺎد‬َ‫ﺻ‬]١٣:‫ﻫود‬[.

16. 16
٤-ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ﻘ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ذا‬َ‫ﻫ‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ﺛ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ﺄﺗ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ن‬ِ‫اﻟﺟ‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫اﻹﻧس‬ ِ‫ت‬َ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫اﺟ‬ ِ‫ن‬ِ‫ﺋ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ل‬ُ‫ﻗ‬ْ‫ﺛ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ْﺗ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ِ‫آن‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ﺿ‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫ﺎن‬َ‫ﻛ‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ﻟ‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬
ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ﻬ‬َ‫ظ‬ ٍ‫ض‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬]٨٨:‫اء‬‫ر‬‫اﻹﺳ‬[.
‫ي‬ّ‫اﻟﺗﺣد‬ ‫ى‬‫وﻧر‬ ،‫ﻣﺛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺳور‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺷر‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫ﻣﺛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺳو‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫ﻣﺛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺳو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺗﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻛﻔﺎر‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫ى‬‫ﻓﻧر‬
‫ﯾن‬‫ﱠ‬‫د‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﺣ‬ ‫أﯾدي‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻪ‬ّ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ى‬ّ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺣد‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺗﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣدي‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ،‫ﺑﻣﺛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﯾﺄﺗ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻹﻧس‬‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟن‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﯾﻘول‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓر‬ ّ‫أي‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ّ‫ﻻ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ؛‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘوم‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬:‫أن‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫اﻧﺎ‬ّ‫ﯾﺗﺣد‬ ‫ﻛﯾف‬
‫ﻪ؟‬ّ‫وﻣﺳ‬ ‫اءﺗﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻧﻌﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺄﺗﻲ‬!‫ﻟﻠﻛﺎﻓر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﻟو‬:‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓر‬ ‫ﻷﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾك؛‬ ‫أﻗرؤﻩ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ‬
‫ﯾﻘول‬:‫ﻷﻗف‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺄﻧﯾﺔ؛‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻪ‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫أﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻛﻔﯾﻧﻲ؛‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬‫ﻋﻣون‬‫ﺗز‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﺧﺎرﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣداﺧﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟز‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬.‫اﻟﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾدﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫وﺗرﻛﻪ‬ ،‫ﻣﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻣﻛﯾﻧﻪ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺟﺔ‬ ‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻫﻛذا‬
‫اﻟﻧﻬﺎر‬‫و‬.‫ﻓﻛﯾف‬ ،‫اﻟﺣق‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫دﻋوة‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬ ،ً‫ا‬‫ﺟد‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣدي‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ى‬‫أﺧر‬ ‫وﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬
‫دون‬ ‫دﯾﻧﻬم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻵﺧ‬ ‫دﻋوة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣون‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬‫اﺋﻌﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟوﻗوف‬‫و‬ ‫آن؛‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻣطﺎﻟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻧوﻫم‬ّ‫ﻛ‬‫ﯾﻣ‬ ‫أن‬
‫وﺑداﺋﻌﻪ؟‬!
،‫ال‬‫و‬‫اﻷﺣ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺳب‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ﻓر‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ‬ ،‫وﯾﻬﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺣف‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺗﻬن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺷﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫و‬
‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﯾروي‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ى‬‫ﻓﻧر‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘ‬ ‫ر‬َ‫ﻓ‬‫ﯾﺳﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻧﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺧﺎ‬ ‫؛‬ ّ‫اﻟﻌدو‬ ‫أرض‬ّ‫اﻟﻌدو‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬)١٠٥(
‫؛‬ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻛﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻪ‬ّ‫ﺳﯾﻣﺳ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﺳﺑب‬ ‫ﯾﻛن‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻧﻬﻲ‬ ،
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻫدﯾن؛‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬ ‫أرض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ،‫إﯾﺎﻩ‬ ّ‫اﻟﻌدو‬ ‫إﻫﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺷﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺳﺑب‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻣﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬
ِ‫آﻣ‬ٌ‫ن‬ُ‫اﻟﻣدﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻛﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺣﯾﻧﺋذ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻧﻌﻪ‬ ‫دﻟﯾل‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻹﻫﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﱢ‬‫و‬‫اﻹﺳﻼ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾن‬‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫م‬
ّ‫ﻻ‬‫إ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﯾﺎم‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ى‬‫ﻧر‬ ‫وﻧﺣن‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﺗﺻدﯾﻘ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫إﯾﻣﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻸﻫم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﺟ‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ﯾ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻌظﯾم‬
‫ت‬ّ‫ﻫﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻬذا؛‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﻌت‬ ‫ذا‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺗداء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﻬﺎﺑون‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻔﺎر‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫ﻧر‬ ‫اﻋﺗﺑﺎر؛‬ ‫أﻗل‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧ‬ ‫وﺗﺻﻔﻪ‬ ،‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗﻧﻛر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﻼم‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋل‬‫اﻟﻣﻌﺗدﯾن‬ ‫ﺑدوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ب‬ّ‫ﯾﺧر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻪ‬.