More Related Content Similar to KOMATSU WA180-1 WHEEL LOADER Service Repair Manual SN:10001 and up (20) More from hjmkmd jskemmd (12) KOMATSU WA180-1 WHEEL LOADER Service Repair Manual SN:10001 and up1. 6(%0
0$+,1( 02'(/
:$
6(5,$/ 1R
DQG XS
‡ 7KLV VKRS PDQXDO PD FRQWDLQ DWWDFKPHQWV DQG RSWLRQDO HTXLSPHQW WKDW DUH QRW DYDLODEOH LQ
RXU DUHD 3OHDVH FRQVXOW RXU ORFDO .RPDWVX GLVWULEXWRU IRU WKRVH LWHPV RX PD UHTXLUH
0DWHULDOV DQG VSHFLILFDWLRQV DUH VXEMHFW WR FKDQJH ZLWKRXW QRWLFH
‡ :$ PRXQW WKH 6'/ HQJLQH
)RU GHWDLOV RI WKH HQJLQH VHH WKH 6HULHV (QJLQH 6KRS 0DQXDO
‹
$OO 5LJKWV 5HVHUYHG
3ULQWHG LQ -DSDQ 4. :$
0DUN 3DJHV
5HYLVLRQ
QXPEHU
0DUN 3DJHV
5HYLVLRQ
QXPEHU
0DUN 3DJHV
5HYLVLRQ
QXPEHU
0DUN 3DJHV
5HYLVLRQ
QXPEHU
0DUN 3DJHV
5HYLVLRQ
QXPEHU
7KH DIIHFWHG SDJHV DUH LQGLFDWHG E WKH XVH RI WKH
IROORZLQJ PDUNV ,W LV UHTXHVWHG WKDW QHFHVVDU
DFWLRQV PXVW EH WDNHQ WR WKHVH SDJHV DFFRUGLQJ WR
WKH OLVW EHORZ
0DUN ,QGLFDWLRQ $FWLRQ UHTXLUHG
4 3DJH WR EH QHZO DGGHG $GG
T 3DJH WR EH UHSODFHG 5HSODFH
5. 3DJH WR EH GHOHWHG 'LVFDUG
3DJHV KDYLQJ QR PDUNV DUH QRW UHYLVHG DW WKLV WLPH
/,67 2) 5(9,6(' 3$*(6
10. T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4 27. 6$)(7 6$)(7 127,(
6$)(7
6$)(7 127,(
,03257$17 6$)(7 127,(
3URSHU VHUYLFH DQG UHSDLU LV H[WUHPHO LPSRUWDQW IRU VDIH PDFKLQH RSHUDWLRQ 7KH VHUYLFH DQG
UHSDLU WHFKQLTXHV UHFRPPHQGHG E .RPDWVX DQG GHVFULEHG LQ WKLV PDQXDO DUH ERWK HIIHFWLYH
DQG VDIH 6RPH RI WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV UHTXLUH WKH XVH RI WRROV VSHFLDOO GHVLJQHG E .RPDWVX IRU
WKH VSHFLILF SXUSRVH
7R SUHYHQW LQMXU WR ZRUNHUV WKH VPERO N LV XVHG WR PDUN VDIHW SUHFDXWLRQV LQ WKLV PDQXDO
7KH FDXWLRQV DFFRPSDQLQJ WKHVH VPEROV VKRXOG DOZDV EH IROORZHG FDUHIXOO ,I DQ GDQJHU
RXV VLWXDWLRQ DULVHV RU PD SRVVLEO DULVH ILUVW FRQVLGHU VDIHW DQG WDNH WKH QHFHVVDU DFWLRQV
WR GHDO ZLWK WKH VLWXDWLRQ
*(1(5$/ 35($87,216
0LVWDNHV LQ RSHUDWLRQ DUH H[WUHPHO GDQJHURXV
5HDG WKH 2SHUDWLRQ DQG 0DLQWHQDQFH 0DQXDO FDUH
IXOO %()25( RSHUDWLQJ WKH PDFKLQH
%HIRUH FDUULQJ RXW DQ JUHDVLQJ RU UHSDLUV UHDG
DOO WKH SUHFDXWLRQV JLYHQ RQ WKH GHFDOV ZKLFK DUH
IL[HG WR WKH PDFKLQH
:KHQ FDUULQJ RXW DQ RSHUDWLRQ DOZDV
ZHDU VDIHW VKRHV DQG KHOPHW 'R QRW ZHDU
ORRVH ZRUN FORWKHV RU FORWKHV ZLWK EXWWRQV
PLVVLQJ
‡ $OZDV ZHDU VDIHW JODVVHV ZKHQ KLWWLQJ
SDUWV ZLWK D KDPPHU
‡ $OZDV ZHDU VDIHW JODVVHV ZKHQ JULQGLQJ
SDUWV ZLWK D JULQGHU HWF
,I ZHOGLQJ UHSDLUV DUH QHHGHG DOZDV KDYH D
WUDLQHG H[SHULHQFHG ZHOGHU FDUU RXW WKH ZRUN
:KHQ FDUULQJ RXW ZHOGLQJ ZRUN DOZDV ZHDU
ZHOGLQJ JORYHV DSURQ KDQG VKLHOG FDS DQG
RWKHU FORWKHV VXLWHG IRU ZHOGLQJ ZRUN
:KHQ FDUULQJ RXW DQ RSHUDWLRQ ZLWK WZR RU
PRUH ZRUNHUV DOZDV DJUHH RQ WKH RSHUDWLQJ
SURFHGXUH EHIRUH VWDUWLQJ $OZDV LQIRUP RXU
IHOORZ ZRUNHUV EHIRUH VWDUWLQJ DQ VWHS RI WKH
RSHUDWLRQ %HIRUH VWDUWLQJ ZRUN KDQJ 81'(5
5(3$,5 VLJQV RQ WKH FRQWUROV LQ WKH RSHUDWRU
V
FRPSDUWPHQW
.HHS DOO WRROV LQ JRRG FRQGLWLRQ DQG OHDUQ WKH
FRUUHFW ZD WR XVH WKHP
'HFLGH D SODFH LQ WKH UHSDLU ZRUNVKRS WR NHHS
WRROV DQG UHPRYHG SDUWV $OZDV NHHS WKH WRROV
DQG SDUWV LQ WKHLU FRUUHFW SODFHV $OZDV NHHS
WKH ZRUN DUHD FOHDQ DQG PDNH VXUH WKDW WKHUH LV
QR GLUW RU RLO RQ WKH IORRU 6PRNH RQO LQ WKH DUHDV
SURYLGHG IRU VPRNLQJ 1HYHU VPRNH ZKLOH ZRUN
LQJ
35(3$5$7,216 )25 :25.
%HIRUH DGGLQJ RLO RU PDNLQJ DQ UHSDLUV SDUN WKH
PDFKLQH RQ KDUG OHYHO JURXQG DQG EORFN WKH
ZKHHOV RU WUDFNV WR SUHYHQW WKH PDFKLQH IURP
PRYLQJ
%HIRUH VWDUWLQJ ZRUN ORZHU EODGH ULSSHU EXFNHW
RU DQ RWKHU ZRUN HTXLSPHQW WR WKH JURXQG ,I
WKLV LV QRW SRVVLEOH LQVHUW WKH VDIHW SLQ RU XVH
EORFNV WR SUHYHQW WKH ZRUN HTXLSPHQW IURP IDOO
LQJ ,Q DGGLWLRQ EH VXUH WR ORFN DOO WKH FRQWURO
OHYHUV DQG KDQJ ZDUQLQJ VLJQV RQ WKHP
:KHQ GLVDVVHPEOLQJ RU DVVHPEOLQJ VXSSRUW WKH
PDFKLQH ZLWK EORFNV MDFNV RU VWDQGV EHIRUH
VWDUWLQJ ZRUN
5HPRYH DOO PXG DQG RLO IURP WKH VWHSV RU RWKHU
SODFHV XVHG WR JHW RQ DQG RII WKH PDFKLQH
$OZDV XVH WKH KDQGUDLOV ODGGHUV RU VWHSV ZKHQ
JHWWLQJ RQ RU RII WKH PDFKLQH 1HYHU MXPS RQ RU
RII WKH PDFKLQH ,I LW LV LPSRVVLEOH WR XVH WKH
KDQGUDLOV ODGGHUV RU VWHSV XVH D VWDQG WR SUR
YLGH VDIH IRRWLQJ
28. 6$)(7 6$)(7 127,(
35($87,216 '85,1* :25.
:KHQ UHPRYLQJ WKH RLO ILOOHU FDS GUDLQ SOXJ RU
KGUDXOLF SUHVVXUH PHDVXULQJ SOXJV ORRVHQ
WKHP VORZO WR SUHYHQW WKH RLO IURP VSXUWLQJ RXW
%HIRUH GLVFRQQHFWLQJ RU UHPRYLQJ FRPSRQHQWV
RI WKH RLO ZDWHU RU DLU FLUFXLWV ILUVW UHPRYH WKH
SUHVVXUH FRPSOHWHO IURP WKH FLUFXLW
7KH ZDWHU DQG RLO LQ WKH FLUFXLWV DUH KRW ZKHQ WKH
HQJLQH LV VWRSSHG VR EH FDUHIXO QRW WR JHW
EXUQHG
:DLW IRU WKH RLO DQG ZDWHU WR FRRO EHIRUH FDUU
LQJ RXW DQ ZRUN RQ WKH RLO RU ZDWHU FLUFXLWV
%HIRUH VWDUWLQJ ZRUN UHPRYH WKH OHDGV IURP WKH
EDWWHU $OZDV UHPRYH WKH OHDG IURP WKH QHJD
WLYH ¤ 29. WHUPLQDO ILUVW
:KHQ UDLVLQJ KHDY FRPSRQHQWV XVH D KRLVW RU
FUDQH
KHFN WKDW WKH ZLUH URSH FKDLQV DQG KRRNV DUH
IUHH IURP GDPDJH
$OZDV XVH OLIWLQJ HTXLSPHQW ZKLFK KDV DPSOH
FDSDFLW
,QVWDOO WKH OLIWLQJ HTXLSPHQW DW WKH FRUUHFW SODFHV
8VH D KRLVW RU FUDQH DQG RSHUDWH VORZO WR SUH
YHQW WKH FRPSRQHQW IURP KLWWLQJ DQ RWKHU SDUW
'R QRW ZRUN ZLWK DQ SDUW VWLOO UDLVHG E WKH KRLVW
RU FUDQH
:KHQ UHPRYLQJ FRYHUV ZKLFK DUH XQGHU LQWHUQDO
SUHVVXUH RU XQGHU SUHVVXUH IURP D VSULQJ
DOZDV OHDYH WZR EROWV LQ SRVLWLRQ RQ RSSRVLWH
VLGHV 6ORZO UHOHDVH WKH SUHVVXUH WKHQ VORZO
ORRVHQ WKH EROWV WR UHPRYH
:KHQ UHPRYLQJ FRPSRQHQWV EH FDUHIXO QRW WR
EUHDN RU GDPDJH WKH ZLULQJ 'DPDJHG ZLULQJ
PD FDXVH HOHFWULFDO ILUHV
:KHQ UHPRYLQJ SLSLQJ VWRS WKH IXHO RU RLO IURP
VSLOOLQJ RXW ,I DQ IXHO RU RLO GULSV RQWR WKH IORRU
ZLSH LW XS LPPHGLDWHO )XHO RU RLO RQ WKH IORRU
FDQ FDXVH RX WR VOLS RU FDQ HYHQ VWDUW ILUHV
$V D JHQHUDO UXOH GR QRW XVH JDVROLQH WR ZDVK
SDUWV ,Q SDUWLFXODU XVH RQO WKH PLQLPXP RI
JDVROLQH ZKHQ ZDVKLQJ HOHFWULFDO SDUWV
%H VXUH WR DVVHPEOH DOO SDUWV DJDLQ LQ WKHLU RULJL
QDO SODFHV
5HSODFH DQ GDPDJHG SDUWV ZLWK QHZ SDUWV
‡ :KHQ LQVWDOOLQJ KRVHV DQG ZLUHV EH VXUH
WKDW WKH ZLOO QRW EH GDPDJHG E FRQWDFW
ZLWK RWKHU SDUWV ZKHQ WKH PDFKLQH LV EHLQJ
RSHUDWHG
:KHQ LQVWDOOLQJ KLJK SUHVVXUH KRVHV PDNH VXUH
WKDW WKH DUH QRW WZLVWHG 'DPDJHG WXEHV DUH
GDQJHURXV VR EH H[WUHPHO FDUHIXO ZKHQ LQVWDOO
LQJ WXEHV IRU KLJK SUHVVXUH FLUFXLWV $OVR FKHFN
WKDW FRQQHFWLQJ SDUWV DUH FRUUHFWO LQVWDOOHG
:KHQ DVVHPEOLQJ RU LQVWDOOLQJ SDUWV DOZDV XVH
WKH VSHFLILHG WLJKWHQLQJ WRUTXHV :KHQ LQVWDOOLQJ
SURWHFWLYH SDUWV VXFK DV JXDUGV RU SDUWV ZKLFK
YLEUDWH YLROHQWO RU URWDWH DW KLJK VSHHG EH SDU
WLFXODUO FDUHIXO WR FKHFN WKDW WKH DUH LQVWDOOHG
FRUUHFWO
:KHQ DOLJQLQJ WZR KROHV QHYHU LQVHUW RXU ILQ
JHUV RU KDQG %H FDUHIXO QRW WR JHW RXU ILQJHUV
FDXJKW LQ D KROH
:KHQ PHDVXULQJ KGUDXOLF SUHVVXUH FKHFN WKDW
WKH PHDVXULQJ WRRO LV FRUUHFWO DVVHPEOHG EHIRUH
WDNLQJ DQ PHDVXUHPHQWV
7DNH FDUH ZKHQ UHPRYLQJ RU LQVWDOOLQJ WKH WUDFNV
RI WUDFNWSH PDFKLQHV
:KHQ UHPRYLQJ WKH WUDFN WKH WUDFN VHSDUDWHV
VXGGHQO VR QHYHU OHW DQRQH VWDQG DW HLWKHU
HQG RI WKH WUDFN
30. )25(:25' *(1(5$/
)25(:25'
*(1(5$/
7KLV VKRS PDQXDO KDV EHHQ SUHSDUHG DV DQ DLG WR LPSURYH WKH TXDOLW RI UHSDLUV E JLYLQJ WKH VHUYLFHPDQ DQ
DFFXUDWH XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH SURGXFW DQG E VKRZLQJ KLP WKH FRUUHFW ZD WR SHUIRUP UHSDLUV DQG PDNH MXGJH
PHQWV 0DNH VXUH RX XQGHUVWDQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKLV PDQXDO DQG XVH LW WR IXOO HIIHFW DW HYHU RSSRUWXQLW
7KLV VKRS PDQXDO PDLQO FRQWDLQV WKH QHFHVVDU WHFKQLFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ IRU RSHUDWLRQV SHUIRUPHG LQ D VHUYLFH
ZRUNVKRS )RU HDVH RI XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKH PDQXDO LV GLYLGHG LQWR WKH IROORZLQJ FKDSWHUV WKHVH FKDSWHUV DUH IXU
WKHU GLYLGHG LQWR WKH HDFK PDLQ JURXS RI FRPSRQHQWV
6758785( $1' )817,21
7KLV VHFWLRQ H[SODLQV WKH VWUXFWXUH DQG IXQFWLRQ RI HDFK FRPSRQHQW ,W VHUYHV QRW RQO WR JLYH DQ XQGHU
VWDQGLQJ RI WKH VWUXFWXUH EXW DOVR VHUYHV DV UHIHUHQFH PDWHULDO IRU WURXEOHVKRRWLQJ
,Q DGGLWLRQ WKLV VHFWLRQ PD FRQWDLQ KGUDXOLF FLUFXLW GLDJUDPV HOHFWULF FLUFXLW GLDJUDPV DQG PDLQWH
QDQFH VWDQGDUGV
7(67,1* $1' $'-867,1*
7KLV VHFWLRQ H[SODLQV FKHFNV WR EH PDGH EHIRUH DQG DIWHU SHUIRUPLQJ UHSDLUV DV ZHOO DV DGMXVWPHQWV WR
EH PDGH DW FRPSOHWLRQ RI WKH FKHFNV DQG UHSDLUV
7URXEOHVKRRWLQJ FKDUWV FRUUHODWLQJ 3UREOHPV ZLWK DXVHV DUH DOVR LQFOXGHG LQ WKLV VHFWLRQ
',6$66(0%/ $1' $66(0%/
7KLV VHFWLRQ H[SODLQV WKH SURFHGXUHV IRU UHPRYLQJ LQVWDOOLQJ GLVDVVHPEOLQJ DQG DVVHPEOLQJ HDFK FRP
SRQHQW DV ZHOO DV SUHFDXWLRQV IRU WKHP
0$,17(1$1( 67$1'$5'
7KLV VHFWLRQ JLYHV WKH MXGJPHQW VWDQGDUGV IRU LQVSHFWLRQ RI GLVDVVHPEOHG SDUWV
7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKLV VHFWLRQ PD EH GHVFULEHG LQ 6758785( $1' )817,21
27+(56
7KLV VHFWLRQ PDLQO JLYHV KGUDXOLF FLUFXLW GLDJUDPV DQG HOHFWULF FLUFXLW GLDJUDPV
,Q DGGLWLRQ WKLV VHFWLRQ PD JLYH WKH VSHFLILFDWLRQV RI DWWDFKPHQWV DQG RSWLRQV WRJHWKHU
127,(
7KH VSHFLILFDWLRQV FRQWDLQHG LQ WKLV VKRS PDQXDO DUH VXEMHFW WR FKDQJH DW DQ WLPH DQG ZLWKRXW DQ
DGYDQFH QRWLFH 8VH WKH VSHFLILFDWLRQV JLYHQ LQ WKH ERRN ZLWK WKH ODWHVW GDWH
31. )25(:25' +2: 72 5($' 7+( 6+23 0$18$/
+2: 72 5($' 7+( 6+23 0$18$/
92/80(6
6KRS PDQXDOV DUH LVVXHG DV D JXLGH WR FDUULQJ RXW
UHSDLUV 7KH DUH GLYLGHG DV IROORZV
KDVVLV YROXPH ,VVXHG IRU HYHU PDFKLQH PRGHO
(QJLQH YROXPH ,VVXHG IRU HDFK HQJLQH VHULHV
(OHFWULFDO YROXPH
$WWDFKPHQWV YROXPH
7KHVH YDULRXV YROXPHV DUH GHVLJQHG WR DYRLG GXSOL
FDWLQJ WKH VDPH LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KHUHIRUH WR GHDO ZLWK
DOO UHSDLUV IRU DQ PRGHO LW LV QHFHVVDU WKDW FKDV
VLV HQJLQH HOHFWULFDO DQG DWWDFKPHQW YROXPHV EH
DYDLODEOH
',675,%87,21 $1' 83'$7,1*
$Q DGGLWLRQV DPHQGPHQWV RU RWKHU FKDQJHV ZLOO EH
VHQW WR .20$768 GLVWULEXWRUV *HW WKH PRVW XSWR
GDWH LQIRUPDWLRQ EHIRUH RX VWDUW DQ ZRUN
),/,1* 0(7+2'
6HH WKH SDJH QXPEHU RQ WKH ERWWRP RI WKH SDJH
)LOH WKH SDJHV LQ FRUUHFW RUGHU
)ROORZLQJ H[DPSOHV VKRZ KRZ WR UHDG WKH SDJH
QXPEHU
([DPSOH KDVVLV YROXPH 37. DQG QXPEHU DIWHU WKH SDJH
QXPEHU )LOH DV LQ WKH H[DPSOH
([DPSOH
5(9,6(' (',7,21 0$5.
:KHQ D PDQXDO LV UHYLVHG DQ HGLWLRQ PDUN
38. LV UHFRUGHG RQ WKH ERWWRP RI WKH SDJHV
5(9,6,216
5HYLVHG SDJHV DUH VKRZQ LQ WKH /,67 2) 5(9,6('
3$*(6 QH[W WR WKH 217(176 SDJH
60%2/6
6R WKDW WKH VKRS PDQXDO FDQ EH RI DPSOH SUDFWLFDO
XVH LPSRUWDQW VDIHW DQG TXDOLW SRUWLRQV DUH
PDUNHG ZLWK WKH IROORZLQJ VPEROV
6PERO ,WHP 5HPDUNV
N 6DIHW
6SHFLDO VDIHW SUHFDXWLRQV
DUH QHFHVVDU ZKHQ SHU
IRUPLQJ WKH ZRUN
D DXWLRQ
6SHFLDO WHFKQLFDO SUHFDX
WLRQV RU RWKHU SUHFDXWLRQV
IRU SUHVHUYLQJ VWDQGDUGV
DUH QHFHVVDU ZKHQ SHU
IRUPLQJ WKH ZRUN
:HLJKW
:HLJKW RI SDUWV RI VV
WHPV DXWLRQ QHFHVVDU
ZKHQ VHOHFWLQJ KRLVWLQJ
ZLUH RU ZKHQ ZRUNLQJ SRV
WXUH LV LPSRUWDQW HWF
7LJKWHQLQJ
WRUTXH
3ODFHV WKDW UHTXLUH VSHFLDO
DWWHQWLRQ IRU WKH WLJKWHQLQJ
WRUTXH GXULQJ DVVHPEO
RDW
3ODFHV WR EH FRDWHG ZLWK
DGKHVLYHV DQG OXEULFDQWV
HWF
2LO ZDWHU
3ODFHV ZKHUH RLO ZDWHU RU
IXHO PXVW EH DGGHG DQG
WKH FDSDFLW
'UDLQ
3ODFHV ZKHUH RLO RU ZDWHU
PXVW EH GUDLQHG DQG
TXDQWLW WR EH GUDLQHG
`(DFK LVVXHG DV RQH
YROXPH WR FRYHU DOO
PRGHOV
$GGHG SDJHV
39. )25(:25' +2,67,1* ,167587,216
+2,67,1* ,167587,216
+2,67,1*
N +HDY SDUWV NJ RU PRUH 40. PXVW EH OLIWHG
ZLWK D KRLVW HWF ,Q WKH ',6$66(0%/
$1' $66(0%/ VHFWLRQ HYHU SDUW
ZHLJKLQJ NJ RU PRUH LV LQGLFDWHG FOHDUO
ZLWK WKH VPERO
‡ ,I D SDUW FDQQRW EH VPRRWKO UHPRYHG IURP WKH
PDFKLQH E KRLVWLQJ WKH IROORZLQJ FKHFNV
VKRXOG EH PDGH
42. KHFN IRU H[LVWHQFH RI DQRWKHU SDUW FDXVLQJ
LQWHUIHUHQFH ZLWK WKH SDUW WR EH UHPRYHG
:,5( 523(6
43. 8VH DGHTXDWH URSHV GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH
ZHLJKW RI SDUWV WR EH KRLVWHG UHIHUULQJ WR
WKH WDEOH EHORZ
:LUH URSHV
6WDQGDUG = RU 6 WZLVW URSHV
ZLWKRXW JDOYDQL]LQJ 44. D 7KH DOORZDEOH ORDG YDOXH LV HVWLPDWHG WR EH RQH
VL[WK RU RQHVHYHQWK RI WKH EUHDNLQJ VWUHQJWK RI
WKH URSH XVHG
45. 6OLQJ ZLUH URSHV IURP WKH PLGGOH SRUWLRQ RI WKH
KRRN
6OLQJLQJ QHDU WKH HGJH RI WKH KRRN PD FDXVH
WKH URSH WR VOLS RII WKH KRRN GXULQJ KRLVWLQJ DQG
D VHULRXV DFFLGHQW FDQ UHVXOW +RRNV KDYH PD[
LPXP VWUHQJWK DW WKH PLGGOH SRUWLRQ
46. 'R QRW VOLQJ D KHDY ORDG ZLWK RQH URSH DORQH
EXW VOLQJ ZLWK WZR RU PRUH URSHV VPPHWULFDOO
ZRXQG RQWR WKH ORDG
N 6OLQJLQJ ZLWK RQH URSH PD FDXVH WXUQLQJ
RI WKH ORDG GXULQJ KRLVWLQJ XQWZLVWLQJ RI
WKH URSH RU VOLSSLQJ RI WKH URSH IURP LWV
RULJLQDO ZLQGLQJ SRVLWLRQ RQ WKH ORDG ZKLFK
FDQ UHVXOW LQ D GDQJHURXV DFFLGHQW
47. 'R QRW VOLQJ D KHDY ORDG ZLWK URSHV IRUPLQJ D
ZLGH KDQJLQJ DQJOH IURP WKH KRRN
:KHQ KRLVWLQJ D ORDG ZLWK WZR RU PRUH URSHV
WKH IRUFH VXEMHFWHG WR HDFK URSH ZLOO LQFUHDVH
ZLWK WKH KDQJLQJ DQJOHV 7KH WDEOH EHORZ
VKRZV WKH YDULDWLRQ RI DOORZDEOH ORDG N1 ^NJ`
ZKHQ KRLVWLQJ LV PDGH ZLWK WZR URSHV HDFK RI
ZKLFK LV DOORZHG WR VOLQJ XS WR N1 ^ NJ`
YHUWLFDOO DW YDULRXV KDQJLQJ DQJOHV
:KHQ WZR URSHV VOLQJ D ORDG YHUWLFDOO XS WR
N1 ^ NJ` RI WRWDO ZHLJKW FDQ EH VXV
SHQGHG 7KLV ZHLJKW EHFRPHV N1 ^ NJ`
ZKHQ WZR URSHV PDNH D ƒ KDQJLQJ DQJOH
2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WZR URSHV DUH VXEMHFWHG WR
DQ H[FHVVLYH IRUFH DV ODUJH DV N1 ^
NJ` LI WKH VOLQJ D N1 ^ NJ` ORDG DW D
OLIWLQJ DQJOH RI ƒ
5RSH GLDPHWHU $OORZDEOH ORDG
PP N1 WRQV
SAD00479
41%71%79%88%100%
48. )25(:25' 0(7+2' 2) ',6$66(0%/,1* 211(7,1* 386+38// 73( 283/(5
0(7+2' 2) ',6$66(0%/,1* 211(7,1* 386+38// 73( 283/(5
N %HIRUH FDUULQJ RXW WKH IROORZLQJ ZRUN UHOHDVH
WKH UHVLGXDO SUHVVXUH IURP WKH KGUDXOLF WDQN
)RU GHWDLOV VHH 7(67,1* $1' $'-867,1*
5HOHDVLQJ UHVLGXDO SUHVVXUH IURP KGUDXOLF
WDQN
N (YHQ LI WKH UHVLGXDO SUHVVXUH LV UHOHDVHG IURP
WKH KGUDXOLF WDQN VRPH KGUDXOLF RLO IORZV RXW
ZKHQ WKH KRVH LV GLVFRQQHFWHG $FFRUGLQJO
SUHSDUH DQ RLO UHFHLYLQJ FRQWDLQHU
'LVFRQQHFWLRQ
49. 5HOHDVH WKH UHVLGXDO SUHVVXUH IURP WKH KGUDX
OLF WDQN )RU GHWDLOV VHH 7(67,1* $1'
$'-867,1* 5HOHDVLQJ UHVLGXDO SUHVVXUH IURP
KGUDXOLF WDQN
54. D 7KH DGDSWHU FDQ EH SXVKHG LQ DERXW
PP
D 'R QRW KROG UXEEHU FDS SRUWLRQ 63. D 6LQFH VRPH KGUDXOLF RLO IORZV RXW SUHSDUH
DQ RLO UHFHLYLQJ FRQWDLQHU
RQQHFWLRQ
69. $IWHU LQVHUWLQJ WKH KRVH LQ WKH PDWLQJ DGDSWHU
SHUIHFWO SXOO LW EDFN WR FKHFN LWV FRQQHFWLQJ
FRQGLWLRQ 6HH )LJ 70. D :KHQ WKH KRVH LV SXOOHG EDFN WKH UXEEHU
FDS SRUWLRQ PRYHV WRZDUG WKH KRVH DERXW
PP 7KLV GRHV QRW LQGLFDWH DEQRUPDOLW
KRZHYHU
7SH
93. FRQWDFWV FRQWDFW VXUIDFH D RI
WKH KH[DJRQDO SRUWLRQ DW WKH PDOH HQG WR FRQ
QHFW LW
‡ +ROG WKH PRXWKSLHFH RI WKH WLJKWHQLQJ SRUWLRQ
DQG SXVK ERG 96. )25(:25' 2$7,1* 0$7(5,$/6
2$7,1* 0$7(5,$/6
D 7KH UHFRPPHQGHG FRDWLQJ PDWHULDOV VXFK DV DGKHVLYHV JDVNHW VHDODQWV DQG JUHDVHV XVHG IRU GLVDVVHPEO
DQG DVVHPEO DUH OLVWHG EHORZ
D )RU FRDWLQJ PDWHULDOV QRW OLVWHG EHORZ XVH WKH HTXLYDOHQW RI SURGXFWV VKRZQ LQ WKLV OLVW
DWHJRU .RPDWVX FRGH 3DUW 1R 4
W RQWDLQHU 0DLQ DSSOLFDWLRQV IHDWXUHVU
$GKHVLYHV
/7$ J 7XEH
‡ 8VHG WR SUHYHQW UXEEHU JDVNHWV
UXEEHU FXVKLRQV DQG FRFN SOXJ
IURP FRPLQJ RXW
/7%
J
SFV 97. 3ROHWKOHQH
FRQWDLQHU
‡ 8VHG LQ SODFHV UHTXLULQJ DQ LPPH
GLDWHO HIIHFWLYH VWURQJ DGKHVLYH
8VHG IRU SODVWLFV H[FHSW SROHWK
OHQH SROSURSKOHQH WHWUDIOXRU
RHWKOHQH DQG YLQO FKORULGH 98. UXEEHU PHWDO DQG QRQPHWDO
/7 J
3ROHWKOHQH
FRQWDLQHU
‡ )HDWXUHV 5HVLVWDQFH WR KHDW DQG
FKHPLFDOV
‡ 8VHG IRU DQWLORRVHQLQJ DQG VHDO
DQW SXUSRVH IRU EROWV DQG SOXJV
/7
6HW RI
DGKHVLYH DQG
KDUGHQLQJ
DJHQW 99. $GKHVLYH
NJ
+DUGHQLQJ
DJHQW
J
DQ
‡ 8VHG DV DGKHVLYH RU VHDODQW IRU
PHWDO JODVV DQG SODVWLF
/7 J
3ROHWKOHQH
FRQWDLQHU
‡ 8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU PDFKLQHG
KROHV
+ROW]
0+
J 7XEH
‡ 8VHG DV KHDWUHVLVWLQJ VHDODQW IRU
UHSDLULQJ HQJLQH
7KUHH ERQG
J 3ROHWKOHQH
FRQWDLQHU
‡ 4XLFN KDUGHQLQJ WSH DGKHVLYH
‡ XUH WLPH ZLWKLQ VHF WR PLQ
‡ 8VHG PDLQO IRU DGKHVLRQ RI PHW
DOV UXEEHUV SODVWLFV DQG ZRRGV
$URQDOSKD
J 3ROHWKOHQH
FRQWDLQHU
‡ 4XLFN KDUGHQLQJ WSH DGKHVLYH
‡ 4XLFN FXUH WSH PD[ VWUHQJWK DI
WHU PLQXWHV 100. ‡ 8VHG PDLQO IRU DGKHVLRQ RI UXE
EHUV SODVWLFV DQG PHWDOV
/RFWLWH
$ FF 3ROHWKOHQH
FRQWDLQHU
‡ 5HVLVWDQFH WR KHDW FKHPLFDOV
‡ 8VHG DW MRLQW SRUWLRQV VXEMHFW WR
KLJK WHPSHUDWXUHV
*DVNHW
VHDODQW
/* J 7XEH
‡ 8VHG DV DGKHVLYH RU VHDODQW IRU
JDVNHWV DQG SDFNLQJ RI SRZHU
WUDLQ FDVH HWF
/* NJ DQ
‡ 8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU YDULRXV
WKUHDGV SLSH MRLQWV IODQJHV
‡ 8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU WDSHUHG
SOXJV HOERZV QLSSOHV RI KGUDX
OLF SLSLQJ
/* J 7XEH
‡ )HDWXUHV 6LOLFRQ EDVHG UHVLVW
DQFH WR KHDW FROG
‡ 8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU IODQJH VXU
IDFH WUHDG
‡ PDE 8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU RLO SDQ
ILQDO GULYH FDVH HWF
101. )25(:25' 2$7,1* 0$7(5,$/6
DWHJRU .RPDWVX FRGH 3DUW 1R 4
W RQWDLQHU 0DLQ DSSOLFDWLRQV IHDWXUHVU
$GKHVLYHV
/* J 7XEH
‡ )WXUHV 6LOLFRQ EDVHG TXLFN KDUG
HQLQJ WSH
‡ 8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU IOZKHHO
KRXVLQJ LQWDNH PDQLIROG RLO DQ
WKHUPRVWDW KRXVLQJ HWF
7KUHH ERQG
J 7XEH
‡ 8VHG DV KHDWUHVLVWLQJ VHDODQW IRU
UHSDLULQJ HQJLQH
0ROEGHQXP
GLVXOSKLGH
OXEULFDQW
/0* J DQ
‡ 8VHG DV OXEULFDQW IRU VOLGLQJ SRU
WLRQ WR SUHYHQW IURP VTXHDNLQJ 102. /03 J 7XEH
‡ 8VHG WR SUHYHQW VHL]XUH RU VFXI
IOLQJ RI WKH WKUHDG ZKHQ SUHVV ILW
WLQJ RU VKULQN ILWWLQJ
‡ 8VHG DV OXEULFDQW IRU OLQNDJH
EHDULQJV HWF
*UHDVH
*/,
6*/,
6*/,
6*/,$
6*/,
6*$1/,
9DULRXV 9DULRXV
‡ *HQHUDO SXUSRVH WSH
*$
6*$
6*$
6*$$
6*$
6*$1$
9DULRXV 9DULRXV
‡ 8VHG IRU QRUPDO WHPSHUDWXUH
OLJKW ORDG EHDULQJ DW SODFHV LQ FRQ
WDFW ZLWK ZDWHU RU VWHDP
0ROEGHQXP
GLVXOSKLGH
OXEULFDQW
6*0
J
SHU
FDVH 105. D ,Q WKH FDVH RI PHWULF QXWV DQG EROWV IRU ZKLFK WKHUH LV QR VSHFLDO LQVWUXFWLRQ WLJKWHQ WR WKH WRUTXH JLYHQ LQ
WKH WDEOH EHORZ
7$%/( 2) 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(6 )25 )/$5(' 1876
D ,Q WKH FDVH RI IODUHG QXWV IRU ZKLFK WKHUH LV QR VSHFLDO LQVWUXFWLRQ
WLJKWHQ WR WKH WRUTXH JLYHQ LQ WKH WDEOH EHORZ
7KUHDG GLDPHWHU
RI EROW
:LGWK DFURVV
IODWV
PP PP 1P NJP
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
7KUHDG GLDPHWHU
RI EROW
:LGWK DFURVV
IODWV
PP PP 1P NJP
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
7KUHDG GLDPHWHU :LGWK DFURVV IODW 7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH
PP PP 1P NJP
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
SAD00483
Sealing surface
106. )25(:25' 67$1'$5' 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(
7$%/( 2) 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(6 )25 63/,7 )/$1*( %2/76
D ,Q WKH FDVH RI VSOLW IODQJH EROWV IRU ZKLFK WKHUH LV QR VSHFLDO LQVWUXFWLRQ WLJKWHQ WR WKH WRUTXH JLYHQ LQ WKH
WDEOH EHORZ
7$%/( 2) 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(6 )25 25,1* %266 3,3,1* -2,176
D 8QOHVV WKHUH DUH VSHFLDO LQVWUXFWLRQV WLJKWHQ WKH 2ULQJ ERVV SLSLQJ MRLQWV WR WKH WRUTXH EHORZ
7$%/( 2) 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(6 )25 25,1* %266 3/8*6
D 8QOHVV WKHUH DUH VSHFLDO LQVWUXFWLRQV WLJKWHQ WKH 2ULQJ ERVV SOXJV WR WKH WRUTXH EHORZ
7KUHDG GLDPHWHU :LGWK DFURVV IODW 7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH
PP PP 1P NJP
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
1RUPLQDO 1R
7KUHDG GLDPHWHU :LGWK DFURVV IODW 7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH
PP PP 1P NJP
9DULHV GHSHQGLQJ
RQ WSH RI
FRQQHFWRU
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
1RUPLQDO 1R
7KUHDG GLDPHWHU :LGWK DFURVV IODW 7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH
PP PP 1P NJP
Q
Q
Q
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
115. WR WKH IROORZLQJ WRUTXH XQOHVV RWKHUZLVH VSHFLILHG
D $SSO WKH IROORZLQJ WRUTXH ZKHQ WKH WKUHDGV DUH FRDWHG ZHW 116. ZLWK HQJLQH RLO
7KUHDG GLDPHWHU 7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH
PP 1P NJP
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
7KUHDG GLDPHWHU 7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH
PP 1P NJP
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
7KUHDG GLDPHWHU 7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH
LQFK 1P NJP
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
1RPLQDO VL]H
RI KRVH
:LGWKDFURVV
IODWV
7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH 1P ^NJP` 120. ^ ` ^` 81)
^ ` ^` ¤ 81
^ ` ^` ¤ ¤
^ ` ^` 81
^ ` ^` 816
^ ` ^` 81)
124. )25(:25' (/(75, :,5( 2'(
(/(75, :,5( 2'(
,Q WKH ZLULQJ GLDJUDPV YDULRXV FRORUV DQG VPEROV DUH HPSORHG WR LQGLFDWH WKH WKLFNQHVV RI ZLUHV
7KLV ZLUH FRGH WDEOH ZLOO KHOS RX XQGHUVWDQG :,5,1* ',$*5$06
([DPSOH :% LQGLFDWHV D FDEOH KDYLQJ D QRPLQDO QXPEHU DQG ZKLWH FRDWLQJ ZLWK EODFN VWULSH
/$66,),$7,21 % 7+,.1(66
/$66,),$7,21 % 2/25 $1' 2'(
1RUPLQDO
QXPEHU
RSSHU ZLUH
DEOH 2'
PP 129. 6WDUWLQJ
6WDUWLQJ
6WDUWLQJ
3ULRUL
W
LUFXLWV
ODVVL
ILFDWLRQ
KDUJLQJ *URXQG 6WDUWLQJ /LJKWLQJ ,QVWUXPHQW 6LJQDO 2WKHU
3UL
PDU
RGH : % % 5 * /
RORU :KLWH %ODFN %ODFN 5HG HOORZ *UHHQ %OXH
$X[L
OLDU
RGH :5 ¥ %: 5: 5 *: /:
RORU :KLWH 5HG ¥ :KLWH %ODFN 5HG :KLWH 5HOORZ 5HG *UHHQ :KLWH %OXH :KLWH
RGH :% ¥ % 5% % *5 /5
RORU :KLWH %ODFN ¥ %ODFN HOORZ 5HG %ODFN HOORZ %ODFN *UHHQ 5HG %OXH HOORZ
RGH :/ ¥ %5 5 * * /
RORU :KLWH %OXH ¥ %ODFN 5HG 5HG HOORZ HOORZ
*UHHQ
*UHHQ
HOORZ
%OXH HOORZ
RGH :* ¥ ¥ 5* / *% /%
RORU :KLWH *UHHQ ¥ ¥ 5HG *UHHQ HOORZ %OXH *UHHQ %ODFN %OXH %ODFN
RGH ¥ ¥ ¥ 5/ : */ ¥
RORU ¥ ¥ ¥ 5HG %OXH HOORZ :KLWH *UHHQ %OXH ¥
130. )25(:25' 219(56,21 7$%/(
219(56,21 7$%/(
0(7+2' 2) 86,1* 7+( 219(56,21 7$%/(
7KH RQYHUVLRQ 7DEOH LQ WKLV VHFWLRQ LV SURYLGHG WR HQDEOH VLPSOH FRQYHUVLRQ RI ILJXUHV )RU GHWDLOV RI WKH
PHWKRG RI XVLQJ WKH RQYHUVLRQ 7DEOH VHH WKH H[DPSOH JLYHQ EHORZ
(;$03/(
‡ 0HWKRG RI XVLQJ WKH RQYHUVLRQ 7DEOH WR FRQYHUW IURP PLOOLPHWHUV WR LQFKHV
RQYHUW PP LQWR LQFKHV
137. JLYHV WKH YDOXH ZKHQ FRQYHUWLQJ IURP
PLOOLPHWHUV WR LQFKHV 7KHUHIRUH PP LQFKHV
RQYHUW PP LQWR LQFKHV
138. 7KH QXPEHU GRHV QRW DSSHDU LQ WKH WDEOH VR GLYLGH E PRYH WKH GHFLPDO SRLQW RQH SODFH WR WKH
OHIW 140. DUU RXW WKH VDPH SURFHGXUH DV DERYH WR FRQYHUW PP WR LQFKHV
142. ZDV GLYLGHG E VR PXOWLSO LQFKHV E PRYH WKH GHFLPDO SRLQW
RQH SODFH WR WKH ULJKW 143. WR UHWXUQ WR WKH RULJLQDO YDOXH 7KLV JLYHV PP LQFKHV
0LOOLPHWHUV WR LQFKHV
PP LQ
% 150. )25(:25' 219(56,21 7$%/(
7HPSHUDWXUH
)DKUHQKHLWHQWLJUDGH RQYHUVLRQ D VLPSOH ZD WR FRQYHUW D )DKUHQKHLW WHPSHUDWXUH UHDGLQJ LQWR D HQ
WLJUDGH WHPSHUDWXUH UHDGLQJ RU YLFH YHUVD LV WR HQWHU WKH DFFRPSDQLQJ WDEOH LQ WKH FHQWHU RU EROGIDFH FRO
XPQ RI ILJXUHV
7KHVH ILJXUHV UHIHU WR WKH WHPSHUDWXUH LQ HLWKHU )DKUHQKHLW RU HQWLJUDGH GHJUHHV
,I LW LV GHVLUHG WR FRQYHUW IURP )DKUHQKHLW WR HQWLJUDGH GHJUHHV FRQVLGHU WKH FHQWHU FROXPQ DV D WDEOH RI
)DKUHQKHLW WHPSHUDWXUHV DQG UHDG WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ HQWLJUDGH WHPSHUDWXUH LQ WKH FROXPQ DW WKH OHIW
,I LW LV GHVLUHG WR FRQYHUW IURP HQWLJUDGH WR )DKUHQKHLW GHJUHHV FRQVLGHU WKH FHQWHU FROXPQ DV D WDEOH RI
HQWLJUDGH YDOXHV DQG UHDG WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ )DKUHQKHLW WHPSHUDWXUH RQ WKH ULJKW
ƒ ƒ)
ƒ ƒ) ƒ ƒ) ƒ ƒ) ƒ ƒ)
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
152. $V IRU UHIHUHQFH FRQYHQWLRQDOO XVHG *UDYLWDWLRQDO 6VWHP RI XQLWV DUH LQGLFDWHG LQ SDUHQWKHVHV ^ `
([DPSOH
1 ^NJ`
1P ^NJP`
03D ^NJFP
`
N3D ^PP+2`
N3D ^PP+J`
N:USP ^+3USP`
JN:K ^J+3K`
153. )25(:25' :(,*+7 7$%/(
:(,*+7 7$%/(
N7KLV ZHLJKW WDEOH LV D JXLGH IRU XVH ZKHQ WUDQVSRUWLQJ RU KDQGOLQJ FRPSRQHQWV
8QLW NJ
(QJLQH DVVHPEO
5DGLDWRU DVVHPEO
7RUTXH FRQYHUWHU DVVHPEO
7UDQVPLVVLRQ ZLWK WRUTXH FRQYHUWHU 156. 5HDU D[OH SLYRW
:KHHO
SLHFH
SLHFH
7LUH
[ 35
[ 35
6WHHULQJ YDOYH RUELWURO 162. %XFNHW OHYHU DVVHPEO
%XFNHW OLQN
/LIW DUP ZLWK EXVKLQJ
%XFNHW ZLWK WHHWK
RXQWHUZHLJKW
2XWVLGH
,QVLGH
)XHO WDQN HPSW 166. )25(:25' :(,*+7 7$%/(
8QLW NJ
0DFKLQH 0RGHO :$
6HULDO 1R ¤ DQG XS
+GUDXOLF DQG VWHHULQJ SXPS
+GUDXOLF FRQWURO YDOYH
'XPS FOLQGHU DVVHPEO SLHFH 169. %XFNHW OHYHU DVVHPEO
%XFNHW OLQN
/LIW DUP ZLWK EXVKLQJ
%XFNHW ZLWK WHHWK
RXQWHUZHLJKW
2XWVLGH
,QVLGH ¤
)XHO WDQN HPSW 172. 5236 FDE
)ORRU ERDUG
2SHUDWRU VHDW DVVHPEO
173. )25(:25' 7$%/( 2) 2,/ $1' 22/$17 48$17,7,(6
7$%/( 2) 2,/ $1' 22/$17 48$17,7,(6
3523(5 6(/(7,21 2) )8(/ 22/$17 $1' /8%5,$176
5(6(592,5
.,1' 2)
)/8,'
$3$,7 O 175. HDFK HDFK
)XHO WDQN 'LHVHO IXHO ¥
RROLQJ VVWHP RRODQW $GG DQWLIUHH]H
D
D
$0%,(17 7(03(5$785(
¤
¤
¤
¤
¤
°)
°
6$( :
6$( :
$670 '
1R
6HH 127( 177. 6$)(7 7$%/( 2) 2,/ $1' 22/$17 48$17,7,(6
D )RU VDQG DUHD VSHF
$670 $PHULFDQ 6RFLHW RI 7HVWLQJ DQG 0DWHULDO
6$( 6RFLHW RI $XWRPRWLYH (QJLQHHUV
$3, $PHULFDQ 3HWUROHXP ,QVWLWXWH
6SHFLILHG FDSDFLW 7RWDO DPRXQWRI RLO LQFOXGLQJ RLO IRU FRPSRQHQWV DQG RLO LQ SLSLQJ
5HILOO FDSDFLW $PRXQW RI RLO QHHGHG WR UHILOO VVWHP GXULQJ QRUPDO LQVSHFWLRQ DQG PDLQWHQDQFH
127(
178. :KHQ IXHO VXOSKXU FRQWHQW LV OHVV WKDQ
FKDQJH RLO LQ WKH RLO SDQ HYHU SHULRGLF PDLQWH
QDQFH KRXUV GHVFULEHG LQ WKLV PDQXDO
KDQJH RLO DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH IROORZLQJ WDEOH LI IXHO
VXOSKXU FRQWHQW LV DERYH
179. :KHQ VWDUWLQJ WKH HQJLQH LQ DQ DWPRVSKHULF WHP
SHUDWXUH RI ORZHU WKDQ ƒ EH VXUH WR XVH HQ
JLQH RLO RI 6$(: 6$(: DQG 6$(:
HYHQ WKRXJK DQ DWPRVSKHULF WHPSHUDWXUH
JRHV XS WR ƒ PRUH RU OHVV LQ WKH GD WLPH
180. 8VH $3, FODVVLILFDWLRQ ' DV HQJLQH RLO DQG LI
$3, FODVVLILFDWLRQ UHGXFH WKH HQJLQH RLO
FKDQJH LQWHUYDO WR KDOI
181. )RU D[OH RLO XVH RQO UHFRPPHQGHG RLO DV IRO
ORZV
6+(// '21$; 77 RU 7'
$/7(; 530 75$725 +'5$8/, )/8,'
+(9521 75$725 +'5$8/, )/8,'
7(;$2 7'+ 2,/
02%,/ 02%,/$1' 683(5 81,9(56$/
D ,W LV SRVVLEOH WR VXEVWLWXWH HQJLQH RLO /$66'
6$( IRU D[OH RLO
,I QRLVH FRPHV IURP WKH EUDNH LW LV QR SUREOHP RI
GXUDELOLW
)XHO VXOSKXU FRQWHQW
KDQJH LQWHUYDO RI RLO
LQ HQJLQH RLO SDQ
WR RI UHJXODU LQWHUQDO
$ERYH RI UHJXODU LQWHUQDO
204. Thank you very much
for your reading.
Please Click Here
Then Get More
Information.