Peer Reviewed Paper #1 (This is an example of what the paper should look like. It contains some answers that are less than adequate (#14), some that are adequate (#4) and some that are more than adequate (#1 and #9). In grading, if there is a less than adequate response to a question, that will receive from 0 to 3 points, an adequate answer will receive 5 points, and a more than adequate answer will receive 6.5 points. From this you can see that if you answer all the questions adequately, you will receive 16 times 5 points or 80 points out of 100. If you answer all questions more than adequately you will receive 16 times 6.5 points or 104 points. If you are unable to locate any information for any numbered question you should put by that number, “No information available”. You are allowed to do that three times for your composer and will receive 5 points for those questions. To submit the paper, make sure that it is a word document or a pdf file and submit it as an attachment to me through Blackboard.) 1. Ludwig van Beethoven (December 16/17, 1770- March 26, 1827) 1800 –Completion of 1st Symphony 1806 - Ended close friendship with Prince Lichnowsky, in whose palace he had lived from 1794 to 1796, signaling his independence as a composer and musician. 1807 – Completion of 5th Symphony 1809 – Rejection of his marriage proposal to Therese von Malfatti 1815 – He ended his public performance career due to increasing deafness. His brother, Karl, died and Beethoven took over as guardian for his nephew, also Karl. 1818 – Approximate date of total deafness 1824 – First performance of 9th Symphony 2. Born in Bonn, Germany 1787, studied briefly with Mozart in Vienna 1792, returned to Vienna permanently and studied briefly with Haydn 1802, visited the nearby city of Heilengestadt to try a new cure for increasing deafness and issued the “Heiligenstadt Testament”, expressing anguish over his deafness, but also his desire to continue to compose. 3. Beethoven was the son of a singer Johann Beethoven, in the service of the Elector of Cologne. His abusive father wanted to exploit his son’s musical gift and began a harsh musical training regimen. The court organist, C. G. Neefe, recognized his talent and gave him keyboard and composition lessons. He found Haydn a less than impressive teacher and began to study with other teachers, including Salieri and Albrechtsberger. 4. Beethoven was a virtuoso pianist and also played organ. He had learned violin as a young child. 5. Beethoven’s influence on music almost single-handedly ushered in the Romantic era. He transformed the symphony and the piano sonata and concerto by both expanding and adjusting the forms to a more Romantic mindset. 6. Beethoven’s earliest works were a continuation of the Viennese Classical tradition of Haydn and Mozart. In the early 1800’s, however, Beethoven began to expand and develop into a more Romantic style of composing and so he is the one co.

1. Peer Reviewed Paper #1 (This is an example of what the paper
should look like. It contains some answers that are less than
adequate (#14), some that are adequate (#4) and some that are
more than adequate (#1 and #9). In grading, if there is a less
than adequate response to a question, that will receive from 0 to
3 points, an adequate answer will receive 5 points, and a more
than adequate answer will receive 6.5 points. From this you can
see that if you answer all the questions adequately, you will
receive 16 times 5 points or 80 points out of 100. If you answer
all questions more than adequately you will receive 16 times 6.5
points or 104 points. If you are unable to locate any
information for any numbered question you should put by that
number, “No information available”. You are allowed to do that
three times for your composer and will receive 5 points for
those questions. To submit the paper, make sure that it is a
word document or a pdf file and submit it as an attachment to
me through Blackboard.)
1. Ludwig van Beethoven (December 16/17, 1770- March 26,
1827)
1800 –Completion of 1st Symphony
1806 - Ended close friendship with Prince Lichnowsky, in
whose palace he had lived from 1794 to 1796,
signaling his independence as a composer and musician.
1807 – Completion of 5th Symphony
1809 – Rejection of his marriage proposal to Therese von
Malfatti
1815 – He ended his public performance career due to
increasing deafness. His brother, Karl, died and
Beethoven took over as guardian for his nephew, also Karl.
1818 – Approximate date of total deafness
1824 – First performance of 9th Symphony
2. Born in Bonn, Germany

2. 1787, studied briefly with Mozart in Vienna
1792, returned to Vienna permanently and studied briefly
with Haydn
1802, visited the nearby city of Heilengestadt to try a new
cure for increasing deafness and issued the
“Heiligenstadt Testament”, expressing anguish over his
deafness, but also his desire to continue to
compose.
3. Beethoven was the son of a singer Johann Beethoven, in
the service of the Elector of Cologne. His abusive father
wanted to exploit his son’s musical gift and began a harsh
musical training regimen. The court organist, C. G. Neefe,
recognized his talent and gave him keyboard and composition
lessons. He found Haydn a less than impressive teacher and
began to study with other teachers, including Salieri and
Albrechtsberger.
4. Beethoven was a virtuoso pianist and also played organ.
He had learned violin as a young child.
5. Beethoven’s influence on music almost single-handedly
ushered in the Romantic era. He transformed the symphony and
the piano sonata and concerto by both expanding and adjusting
the forms to a more Romantic mindset.
6. Beethoven’s earliest works were a continuation of the
Viennese Classical tradition of Haydn and Mozart. In the early
1800’s, however, Beethoven began to expand and develop into a
more Romantic style of composing and so he is the one
composer that truly forms a bridge between the Viennese
Classical and the Romantic Period.
7. Beethoven wrote at the piano, but he also used notebooks
to write down ideas in which he carried around with him. From
the notebooks we can tell that he wrestled over weeks, months,

3. and sometimes even years with his composing.
8. There were many innovations that Beethoven pioneered,
including the use of more and newer instruments in the
symphony orchestra, the adaptations of traditional classical
forms (such as the replacement of the minuet and trio with the
scherzo), the expansion of the symphonies four movements to
five and the introduction of programmatic elements (such as in
Symphony #6), the use of a theme or motive in more than one
movement in a multi-movement work (such as in Symphony #5),
and the expansion of dynamic levels and changes in tempo
which can be seen in many of his piano sonatas.
9. Interesting facts:
A. Early in his career, Beethoven was known more for
his piano improvisations, than for his composing. His
performances are described by such terms as “fiery” and
“reckless emotionalism”. One critic writes, “His playing tore
along like a wildly foaming cataract, and the conjurer
constrained his instrument to an utterance so forceful that the
stoutest structure was scarcely able to withstand it; and anon he
sank down, exhausted, exhaling gentle plaints, dissolving into
melancholy.” As he was able to unleash this energy into his
more mature compositions the dividing line between his more
traditional classical writing and the Romantic period became
apparent.
B. Some of the greatest treasures, apart from the music
which Beethoven composed, are his numerous sketchbooks
which document the stages of development of many of his
works. These show that Beethoven did not compose easily.
They reveal a “morass of scrawls and blots and revisions on top
of revisions.” They prove the point that what can be called
genius can certainly be 10% inspiration and 90% perspiration.
Beethoven can rightly be considered a “genius” in regard to his

4. impact on music, but this legacy came about through much hard
work.
C. During the final years of his life, Beethoven began to
use counterpoint much more frequently in his composing, rather
than the more popular homophonic texture of this period. This
may be a result of his in depth study of J. S. Bach, especially
the Well-Tempered Clavier volumes, as a child. Two examples
of this tendency are the fugues of the “Missa Solemnis” and the
“Grosse Fuge” for string quartet.
10. He knew both Mozart and Haydn, but other than this, did
not have any close friends who were composers. This may be
due in part to the fact of his increasing deafness which made
conversation virtually impossible.
11. Beethoven wrote in all the styles of the Viennese Classical
Period (symphonies, string quartets, piano sonatas, etc.) Even
though he was known to have considered numerous operatic
plans, especially between 1800 and 1815, Beethoven only wrote
one Opera, “ Fidelio”.
12. Beethoven was able to live well from his income as a
composer, due to the fact of his continuing popularity with the
Viennese populace and his sharp business sense. He also
received money from some wealthy individuals who wanted him
to stay in Vienna, rather than move somewhere else, like Paris
or Prague.
13. He was never married, but he proposed at least once, but
more probably numerous times. He also took care of his
nephew after his brother died, which was a source of stress and
frustration for both of them.
14. Symphony #5, “Moonlight” Sonata, Piano Concerto #5
“The Emperor”, Missa Solemnis, “Fidelio”, Grosse Fugue.

5. 15. Texts used for this paper:
Staines, Joe, ed. The Rough Guide to Classical Music.
London: Rough Guide, Ltd. 2001.
Swafford, Jan. The Vintage Guide to Classical Music. New
York: Vintage Books, 1992.
Gammond, Peter. Classical Composers. London: Colour
Library Books Ltd., 1995.
Stanley, John. Classical Music, rev. ed. London: Octopus
Publishing Group Ltd., 2005.
16. Websites used for this paper:
http://www.lvbeethoven.com/Bio/BiographyLudwig.html
http://www.madaboutbeethoven.com/
http://raptusassociation.org/
http://www.lucare.com/immortal/
Research Paper
The research paper for this class will come from one of the
following topics.
· Violence in the public schools
· Community Policing
· Prison Crowding
· Juvenile Probation System
Please make sure that your paper follows the guidelines listed
below. Not all may apply to your paper. An example of the
paper and the reference section is enclosed. If there are any
questions please e-mail me. To find how to write in the MLA or
APA style, select the following web
sites: http://www.uwsp.edu/psych/apa4b.htm#IIG
and https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
Research Paper Check List
Students are encouraged to review the following check list
BEFORE turning in their papers.

6. _____The paper is 3 to 5 pages in length.
_____The paper has one inch margins (top, bottom, left and
right).
_____The font used is size 12 point.
_____The paper is double spaced.
_____Parenthetical notation has been done for each work listed
in the Works Cited Page.
_____There is a "works cited" page at the end of the paper
listing all sources cited.
_____The "works cited" page is typed according to the APA or
MLA format.
_____There is a minimum of five different sources cited in the
paper. Resources are books, magazines, professional papers, or
from the internet and a combination of each.
_____The paper has been edited for spelling and grammar.
_____The student's name is on the paper.
_____The student has retained a copy of the paper.