Pblem 1(a) Suppose we divide the interval [1, 4] into 100 equ.docx

Pblem 1:
(a) Suppose we divide the interval [1, 4] into 100 equally wide
subintervals and calculate a Riemann sum for f(x) = 1 + x2 by
randomly selecting a point ci in each subinterval. We can be
certain that the value of the Riemann sum is within what
distance of the exact value of the area between the graph of f
and the interval [1, 4]?
(b) What if we take 200 equally long subintervals?
Problem 2:
Sketch the graph of the integrand function and use it to help
evaluate the integral
x −1dx
−1
1
∫
x-1dx
-1
1
ò
The graph of the integrand function looks like this:

Problem 3:
(a) Find the area between f(x) = 1/x and the x-axis for 1 ≤ x ≤
10, 1 ≤ x ≤ 100, and
1 ≤ x ≤ A. What is the limit of the area for 1 ≤ x ≤ A as A→∞?
(b) Find the volume swept out when the region in part (a) is
revolved about the x-axis for 1 ≤ x ≤ 10, 1 ≤ x ≤ 100, and 1 ≤ x
≤ A. What is the limit of the volumes for 1 ≤ x ≤ A as A → ∞ ?
Problem 4:
The center of a circle in the figure below with radius r is at the
point (0, R). Use the Theorems of Pappus to find the volume
and surface area swept out when the circular region is rotated
about the x-axis.
Pblem 5:
The figure below shows the graph of g. Sketch the graph of g−1.
Problem 6:
Find the exact values of:
(a) tan(cos-1(x))
(b) cos(tan-1(x))
(c) sec(sin-1(x))
Problem 7:
Use the definition of an improper integral to evaluate the given
integral:

x
1+ x2
dx
0
∞
∫
x
1+x
2
dx
0
¥
ò
Problem 8:
Determine whether the improper integral is convergent or
divergent. Do not evaluate the integral:
Problem 9:
Complete the square in the denominator, make the appropriate
substitution, and inte- grate:
11

x2 − 2x +10
dx∫
11
x
2
-2x+10
dx
ò
Problem 10:
Use the tube method to calculate the volume when the region
between the x-axis and
the graph of y = sin(x) for 0 ≤ x ≤ π is rotated about the y-axis.
***** Please go to next page for the bonus question *****
*** EXTRA CREDIT QUESTION ***
Problem 11: A car had the velocity given in the figure below.
How far did the car travel from t = 0 to t = 30 seconds?
Problem 12:
Use the definition of an improper integral to evaluate the
integral below:
1
x + 2

dx
3
∞
∫
1
x+2
dx
3
¥
ò
Problem 13:
Determine whether the improper integral is convergent or
divergent. Do not evaluate the
integral.
(a) The volume obtained when the area between the positive x-
axis (x ≥ 0) and the
graph of
f x( ) = 1
ex
fx
()
=
1
e
x

is revolved about the x-axis.
(b) The volume obtained when the area between the positive x-
axis (x ≥ 0) and the graph
of
f x( ) = 1
ex
fx
()
=
1
e
x
is revolved about the y-axis. (Use the method of “tubes” from
section 5.5).
Problem 14:
Find the indefinite integral and evaluate the definite integral:
3
8x +1
dx
0
2

∫
3
8x+1
dx
0
2
ò
Problem 15:
Evaluate the integral as a sum of two integrals:
4x + 9
x2 + 6x +13
dx∫
4x+9
x
2
+6x+13
dx
ò
Problem 16:
Evaluate:
e3x sin x( )dx∫

e
3x
sinx
()
dx
ò
_1503902605.unknown
Text:
Authors:
Publisher:
Business and Its Environment
6th Edition, 2010
ISBN-13: 9780136083924
David P. Baron
Pearson Prentice Hall
925 N. Spurgeon Street, Santa Ana, CA 92701 Phone: 714-
547-9625 Fax: 714-547-5777
12/14
BAM 406
Business and Society

C
h
a
lle
n
g
e
E
x
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying,
recording or by any information storage and retrieval system
without written
permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief
quotation
in review.
Copyright © 2014 by California Coast University

Instructions
5
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suggest you review the textbook prior to attempting the
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Challenge Examination
7

1. Which of the following is a powerful force for providing
information to
officeholders regarding the likely consequences of policy
alternative for their
constituents and the public more broadly?
a) United Auto Workers
b) Newspapers from advocates of some position
c) Lobbying
d) None is correct
2) Which one of the following makes up the Administrative
and regulatory
agencies arena in which nonmarket issues for the
automobile industry are
addressed?
a) Congress
b) Environmental Protection Agency
c) European Union
d) All of the above
3) Which auto company was targeted by the environmental
groups seeking to
mobilize the public to support greater fuel economy?
a) General Motors
b) DaimlerChrysler
c) Toyota
d) Honda
4) Which of the following is not a source of nonmarket
issues?

a) Moral concerns
b) Institutional change
c) Interest group activity
d) Crash of the stock market
5) What is the following new theory called: ‘under which
firms could be held
liable if their stock prices fell significantly when the firms’
projections of
future earnings had been favorable?
a) Fraud on the market
b) Fraud on the nonmarket
c) The common factor
d) Collective deception
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed
answer sheet)
8
6) The example of the Hallmark Graduation Cards is a case of:
a) Looking to the past for inspiration.
b) A failed attempt at promoting the alcoholic beverage
industry.
c) Failing to take in the perspectives of interest groups, such
as MADD.
d) All of the above

7) There are a number of ways to anticipate change in the
nonmarket
environment. Which of the following is not one of those
ways?
a) Limit the extent of the damage once the firm is challenged
by an issue
b) Be proactive
c) Be anticipatory
d) Look inward
8) The collection of diverse interests, viewpoints, and
preferences of the
individuals in society is known as what?
a) Public individualiality
b) Common sense
c) Public sentiment
d) Public wants and demands
9) BP managed its environment in many ways. One way that it
solidified its
positioning relative to the natural environment was to what?
a) Move away from oil production and distribution of gasoline
b) Changed its symbol and slogan
c) Joined the Green Party
d) Appoint only environmentalists to its Board of Directors
10) Law-making and rule-making take place in what type of
space?
a) Social
b) Legal
c) Political
d) Commercial

9
11) What space has Microsoft largely ignored, relying instead
on its aggressive
approach to markets?
a) Legal
b) Public sentiment
c) Political
d) Nonmarket
12) Positioning can also have its perils. Which of the following
companies has
been lobbied heavily to increase its commitment to its own
causes?
a) Xerox
b) GM
c) Microsoft
d) Starbucks
13) Firms deploy nonmarket capabilities to do what?
a) Add value
b) Beat the competition
c) Create new markets
d) Try new strategies
14) Which of the following are parts of the framework for the

analysis of
nonmarket issues?
a) Screening
b) Analysis
c) Choice
d) All of the above
15) In terms of strategy and nonmarket issue life cycle, Nike
found itself reacting
to what rather than shaping the development of the issue?
a) The government only
b) Their own culture
c) Others’ actions
d) None are correct
10
16) Which is NOT listed in your text as a role the media plays
in nonmarket
issues?
a) Identification of nonmarket issues
b) Placing issues on the agendas of firms
c) Make an issue widely known, therefore reducing the cost of
collective action
d) All are media roles

17) Media coverage can do all EXCEPT which of the following?
a) Alert the public to nonmarket issues
b) Raise concerns about the policies and practices of firms
c) Increase the costs of nonmarket actions by interests
d) Provide information
18) The National Resources Defense Council campaign on Alar
used which of the
following media strategies?
a) The use of political entrepreneurship
b) Repetitious use of its message about Alar
c) The hiring of a communications firm to work with the media
d) All of the above were used
19) Because of the importance of the news media, firms and
their managers must
_______which issues will attract media coverage and how
the media will treat
them.
a) Create
b) Control
c) Anticipate
d) Announce
20) Treatment of information takes several forms. Which of the
following is not
included?
a) A straightforward presentation of facts and description of
events
b) Advocacy of a course of action
c) An interpretation of the facts and events

d) A biased assessment of the information
11
21) Advocacy journalism is usually restricted to which page of
the newspaper?
a) Editorial
b) Front
c) Business
d) Sunday insert
22) The Intrinsic Audience Interest Theory of news coverage is
based on which of
the following premise(s)?
a) The news media organizations are owned by for non-profit
firms
b) That coverage and treatment decisions are governed by
revenue
considerations
c) That coverage increases with audience interest
d) That the explanatory power of the theory comes primarily
from the supply side
23) According to the intrinsic audience interest theory, the more
proximate the
consequences, the ____ the audience interest.

a) Greater
b) Lesser
c) More constant
d) More unconnected
24) When confronted with a private nonmarket action, a natural
reaction is to be
_______, but a better response is to _______the claims and
demands the
activists make.
a) Defensive; deny
b) Defensive; evaluate
c) Welcoming; accept
d) Offensive; reject
25) What was Environmental Defense’s (ED) concern about
McDonald’s?
a) Sourcing supplies from old growth forests
b) Practice of harvesting old timber
c) Practice of solid waste disposal
d) All of the above
12
26) All of the following were the threats against OnBank
except?
a) Direct action against the bank

b) Required regulatory approval
c) The reporting of lending data by census track
d) Bringing in a union
27) Why was Royal Dutch/Shell such a formidable company for
Greenpeace to
take on?
a) It is well-regarded in the British Isles and it has a history of
fighting all
comers
b) It is the largest corporation in Europe and the third largest
in the world
c) It is the third largest corporation in Europe and the sixth in
world
d) It is regarded as the best oil company in the world and
consumers back it in
all issues
28) What was one of Greenpeace’s principal strategies used
against Royal Dutch/
Shell?
a) Attracting public attention through high profile,
confrontational actions that
were covered by Greenpeace photographers and film crews
b) A lawsuit filed in Wales
c) Using passive techniques to encourage a boycott of the
company
d) A sit-down strike of all of its gas stations
29) Activist groups were criticizing what about Nike’s factories
overseas?
a) Working conditions and wages
b) Working conditions and the lack of unions

c) Political favors and wages
d) The company’s shoe design and costs
30) This group ran successful campaigns against the Home
Depot and Citigroup.
a) Greenpeace
b) Globe Trade Watch
c) Center for Study of Responsive Laws
d) RAN
13
31) One aspect of an avoidance strategy is:
a) budgeting
b) auditing
c) strategizing
d) confronting
32) Which step of a crisis management program deals with
identifying the cause
of the crisis?
a) Root cause analysis
b) Pareto analysis
c) Avoidance analysis
d) Confrontation analysis
33) What are the two principal components of crisis response?

a) Auditing and analysis
b) Communication and rectification
c) Agreement and settlement
d) Negotiation and settlement
34) What kind of a response did Abbott Laboratories choose in
the case of its
AIDS drug in Thailand?
a) Conciliatory
b) Agreeable
c) Hardball
d) Denial
35) Which among the following constitute costs for organizing?
a) Identifying potential participants
b) Contacting potential members
c) Motivating people to join
d) All of the above represent costs
36) The cost of organizing is greater the more serious the
______ problem
becomes.
a) Substitution
b) Free-rider
c) Benefit
d) None of the above is correct
14

37) Legislation that pits business against labor, such as NAFTA,
is typically
characterized as:
a) Unfair
b) Interest group politics
c) Justice as fairness
d) Entitlement
38) In terms of the concentration and distribution of benefits
and costs,
entrepreneurial politics are the opposite side of the coin
from ______politics.
a) Grassroots
b) Client
c) Majoritarian
d) Status quo
39) In the case of Boeing in a Pickle, the major issue was:
a) The investment tax credit
b) Airline safety
c) Boeing’s new pickle franchises
d) Defense contracts
40) Because federal environmental regulation is a major
undertaking, the budget
for the EPA was $53 billion in 2005 and covered over 34,
000 employees.
a) True

b) False
41) The EPA administrative process for enforcement of
environmental laws
includes the filing of a complaint and a hearing before a
district federal court.
a) True
b) False
42) The Clean Water Act is under the jurisdiction of the
Department of
Agriculture, not the EPA.
a) True
b) False
15
43) What is the key to making an informational strategy to be
effective?
a) The legislator be more informed about the issue than anyone
else
b) The interest group is more informed about the issue than are
the government
officeholders
c) The paid lobbyists know the most
d) None are correct answers

44) Lobbying involves the strategic requirement of which of the
following two
types of information?
a) Political and economic
b) Political and social
c) Political and technical
d) Political and international
45) Nonmarket strategies are ultimately directed to whom?
a) The public at large
b) The customer
c) The voters
d) The public officeholders
46) What type of strategy is based on the constituency
connection between
elected officeholders and their constituents?
a) Client
b) Representation
c) Coalition
d) Entrepreneurial
47) What does a vote recruitment strategy focus on?
a) Voters who are registered
b) Pivotal voters
c) Voters who give to campaigns
d) None of the above

16
48) What two factors does the agenda-setting strategy focus
on?
a) Recruiting the agenda setter and building support for an
alternative
b) Recruiting the agenda setter and then lobbying other
committee members
c) Supporting the current agenda and collecting votes for that
agenda
d) Supporting the current agenda and supporting any action of
the committee
49) In a regulatory setting, ______ is/are important not only
because the
information presented can affect regulatory decisions, but
also because it
creates a record that may serve as a basis for judicial
review.
a) Affidavits
b) Evidence
c) Testimony
d) Law
50) Because lobbying is the centerpiece of most firms’
participation in political
issues, what two types of people are usually employed?
a) Professional lobbyists and grassroots
b) Professional lobbyists and ex-members
c) Professional lobbyists and former staff

d) Professional lobbyists and managers responsible for
presenting a firm’s
position
51) Which is NOT a true statement of the Chicago School of
thought?
a) Competition is the best protector of consumers
b) The focus of antitrust policy should be on performance
c) Markets are resilient
d) The Government is the best protector of consumers
52) The New IO Approach to antitrust advocates the following
principles except:
a) Competition can be effective with a small number of
competitors
b) Barriers to entry can be present
c) More competitors mean more competition
d) Innovation and competition are required for efficiency
17
53) If acts are said to be per se illegal, one defense allowed is
the defendant did
not commit the act and the second is what?
a) Defendant is irrational
b) Defendant is unethical
c) Prosecution is out to get the defendant

d) The defendant committed the act, but it was not
unreasonable to do so
54) Which of the following characteristics is NOT part of the
Structural school of
thought?
a) Competition is the best protector of consumers and
economic efficiency
b) Government is to protect society from economic power
c) Market power derives from horizontal power and from
vertical arrangements
d) The market is fragile and prone to failure
55) ______ occurs when one group of customers pays more and
another group
pays less than the cost of providing their service.
a) Market imperfection
b) Free-riding
c) Moral hazard
d) Cross-subsidization
56) Rent control of the housing market is an example of what
type of regulatory
use?
a) Cross-subsidization
b) Redistribution of wealth
c) Grassroots domination
d) Voting rights
57) Which of the following is not a public good?
a) National defense

b) Radio broadcasting
c) Bridges and roads
d) Buying a TV set from the army’s surplus store
18
58) What term below refers to behavior induced when people do
not bear full
consequences for their actions?
a) Moral hazard
b) Transaction costs
c) Asymmetric information
d) Free entry and exit into the market
59) What theory predicts that regulation initially will be found
where there are
market imperfections and over time will evolve to serve the
interests of the
regulated industry?
a) Interest group
b) Capture
c) Flexible
d) Jurassic
60) The Kyoto Protocol called for country-specific reductions in
carbon dioxide
emissions by:

a) 2005
b) 2010
c) 2008
d) 2006
61) The EPA was established by an executive order of which
former President?
a) Gerald Ford
b) Richard Nixon
c) Bill Clinton
d) Ronald Regan
62) How many employees did the EPA employ in 2008?
a) Over 4,500
b) Over 9,800
c) Over 17,000
d) Over 25,000
19
63) What is the name of the account that was established to
clean up toxic waste
disposal sites?
a) Toxic Waste Cleanup Fund
b) Cleaner America Fund
c) Superfund
d) ToxWasteFund

64) Which is NOT an identified criticism of Superfund?
a) Spending funds where there is little hope of a successful
cleanup
b) The cost and fees of cleanup which is not covered by
Superfund has been
passed on to consumers
c) Litigation costs
d) Retrospective liability
65) Most of the costs of environmental protection are borne by
_______?
a) Private parties
b) Government
c) Business
d) none of the above
66) What is NIMBY?
a) Not In My Boat Yard
b) Not In My Backyard
c) Not In My Big Yard
d) Never In My Backyard
67) The NIMBY movement is often directed toward
a) Refuse disposal sites
b) Toxic waste sites
c) Facilities that may emit toxins
d) All of the above
68) The basic tradeoff in the protection of intellectual property
is between the
benefits to society from the use of the idea or invention and

the incentives for
their creation.
a) True
b) False
20
69) In the appropriability of returns, if the cost of replication is
low and
intellectual property rights are tight, there is moderate
appropriability.
a) True
b) False
70) The issue with Napster is that the new technology breached
music copyright
laws.
a) True
b) False
71) The principal forms of protection for intellectual assets are
patents, copy-
right, trade secrets, and trademarks.
a) True
b) False

72) Which two of the following are ex ante concepts?
a) Conditions and statutes
b) Reliance and inducements
c) Duress and unconsionability
d) Duress and contracts
73) Which industry highlighted in your text seems to struggle
mightily with con-
tract problems around research findings?
a) Dairy
b) Automobile
c) Record
d) Biotechnology
74) What ex ante approach is based on the principle that more
complete con-
tracts can be more efficient?
a) Liquidated damages
b) Duress damages
c) Consequential damages
d) Expectation damages
75) What are torts?
a) Civil rights
b) Civil wrongs
c) Civil damages
d) Private wrong through public statutes

21
76) All of the following are the basic elements of a tort except:
a) An injury
b) An action that causes harm
c) The breach of duty owed to the injured party
d) The breach of utilitarian ethics
77) Which of the following requires the balancing of the costs
of injuries and the
costs of care?
a) Political efficiency
b) Social efficiency
c) Economic efficiency
d) Technological efficiency
78) What is defined as ‘the ability of an individual to control a
particular resource
or to take an action’?
a) Entitlement or right
b) Freedom of choice
c) Justice-as-fairness
d) Justice and freedom
79) What branch covers products liability?
a) Common law of justice
b) Common law of torts
c) Common law
d) Common law of statutes

80) A trademark produces what two values?
a) Economic and political
b) Economic and social
c) Economic and public
d) Social and private
81) Contracts are entered into to induce _______, which refers
to a change in
behavior by a party.
a) Assurances
b) Reliance
c) Common law
d) Exchanges
22
82) Self-regulation by companies has been relied on rather than
statutory laws to
manage privacy issues.
a) True
b) False
83) eBay does not have a strong privacy component in its
dealings with users.
a) True
b) False

84) Confidence in the Internet is a public good, but the
provision of that public
good is subject to a free-rider problem.
a) True
b) False
85) The European Union and the U.S. have the same policies
towards personally
identifiable information (PII) that is op-out.
a) True
b) False
86) The _____ _____ of information raises the issue of
appropriability of rents
from the investment of developing information.
a) Private rights
b) Public goods
c) Public rights
d) Private property
87) What is deposited on a user’s personal computer to track
browsing?
a) A donut
b) A spy
c) A cookie
d) A cake
88) What is described in the following: “The property that the
value of the prod-
uct to each user increases the more people that use it?”

a) Positive externality
b) Entropy
c) Stasis
d) Network externalities
23
89) Network externalities yield _____ returns on the demand
side of the market.
a) Decreasing
b) Increasing
c) Immeasurably decreasing
d) Vastly increasing
90) A standard can either be ____ or _____.
a) Open; closed
b) Open; proprietary
c) Closed; proprietary
d) Closed; public
91) What type of market indicates that a single winner takes
most of the market?
a) Closed
b) Open
c) Competitive
d) Tipped

92) An example of the tipped market was the rivalry between
____ and ______.
a) Betamax and VHS
b) IBM and Sun
c) eBay and Amazon
d) GE and Whirlpool
93) In the U.S., privacy and the Internet has been largely
managed by ______.
a) Government regulation
b) Courts
c) Lawsuits
d) Self-regulation by companies
94) What is the leading online advertising services firm?
a) DoubleClick
b) Ads-are-Us
c) MonsterBoard
d) WebDesign
24
95) What is the stance of most business concerning legislating
privacy rules for
the Internet?

a) Support strongly
b) Opposed generally
c) Neutral
d) Lobbying for legislative passage
96) What are some of the components of self-regulation?
a) Policies and practices of companies
b) Certification by independent nongovernmental
organizations
c) Personal protection by individuals
d) All are components
97) What describes the European Union’s approach to Internet
privacy?
a) Enacted a directive (law) that strongly protected privacy for
personally
identifiable information
b) Decided to follow the lead of the US and not pass
legislation
c) Is considering strong legislation
d) Believes that privacy is an individual matter
98) Confidence in the Internet is a public good, but the
provision of that public
good is subject to a _________ problem.
a) network externality
b) standardization
c) free-rider
d) customization
99) Why do online retailers fight tax collection for their items?
a) It is too much of a bother

b) They do not want to do the state’s work
c) It would be prohibitively expensive they contend
d) It would be too complex
100) According to eBay, what is the key to its success?
a) Hard work
b) Privacy
c) Trust
d) Money

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