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正確な計算のための
五つの関所
計算問題が
合否の天下
分け目?
長年受験生を指導しているとわかってきますが、入試の
合格・不合格は計算問題を確実に解けるかどうかで決ま
ります。
今日は、中学入試によく出る問題にまとをしぼって、絶
対に間違えない計算問題の解き方を追及してみましょ
う。
ほとんどの算数の入試問題は、1番が計算問題で、2番
が基本問題、3番から後が大問(図形やグラフや文章
題)です。
どうしても配点の大きい大問に目がいきますが、本当は
1番、2番を落とさない人が最も得点率が高い。
大問は、運と、そのときの体調や心理状態に大きく左右
されて、解けることもあれば解けないこともあって、
まったくあてにはなりません。
壱の関所
「出題のねらいを見つける」
問題にはすべて「出題者の意図」といわれるものがありま
す。すべての問題は、算数の「ある重要事項」を受験生が
わかっているどうか知るために出題されるのです。
最初にそれを見つけておきます。
この問題で聞かれているのは、「計算の順序」です。
108-8 × 13+(216-129) ÷ 3
弐の関所
「先に計算する部分に下線を引く」
わかっているかどうかを試されているのは計算の順序ですか
ら、どこから先に計算するかを見つけます。
ところで、「わかった」を、「絶対間違えない」に変えるに
は、可視化(目に見える形に)することが必須です。
計算問題の場合、先に計算する場所に下線を引くのがよいで
しょう。
108-8 × 13+(216-129) ÷ 3
参の関所
「線を引いた部分ごとに計算をする」
108-8 × 13+(216-129) ÷ 3
このとき大事なのは、1、筆算よりは、できるだけ暗算で、2、
筆算はきれいに書いてきれいに並べておく、この 2 つです。
暗算でできれば暗算でするべきです。すぐに筆算をすると、いつ
までたっても計算のカンが鈍いままで上達しません。
私なら、216-129だけを筆算でします。
実は、一番計算ミスが多いのはひき算なんです。ひき算は慎重に
するべきです。
筆算ですが、計算ミスの多い人は筆算の書き方の雑な人が多い。
筆算
筆算ですが、計算ミスの多い人は筆算の書き方の雑な人が多い。
実際の入試問題だと問題の余白を使って計算をしないといけませんが、普
段の勉強では罫線のひいてあるノートを用意し、罫線にそって縦、横をき
ちんとそろえて筆算する癖をつけてください。
筆算を書き込む場所も、問題の出題順にきれいに整頓して書き込み、後で
見直すときに、どこに何が書いてあるかが一目でわかるようにしておいて
ください。
後で見直すかどうかが重要ではないのです。
見直すとしたら瞬時に見つかるほど筆算が整理整頓されて残されているこ
とが大事なのです。
身のまわりの整理整頓ができない人は頭の整理整頓もできない人です。
頭を整理整頓するために、筆算のメモも整理整頓しておくのです。
四の関所
「部分ごとの答えを下線の下に記入」
108-8 × 13+(216-129) ÷ 3
計算が終わったなら、部分ごとの答えを問題の下線の下に記入し
ていきます
104 29
伍の関所
「全体の計算をする」
108-8 × 13+(216-129) ÷ 3
104 29
108 - 104 + 29 = 33

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正確な計算のために(中学受験に向けて)