1. Healthcare, facilitiesand
organizations

2. Objectives
• By the end of this session, you will be able to:
• Define health and healthcare
• Differentiate between healthcare provider and
professional
• Know the skills that are needed for HCP
• Know different types of healthcare facilities
• Know classification of hospital service
• Know the four levels of care
• Define healthcare system, stakeholders, components
of HCS

3. What isHealth?
• The state of being free from illness or injury.
• Is a state of physical, mental and social well being in
which diseases are absent.
• Is a state that allows individuals to adequately cope
with all of daily life, which means also the well
being and absence of disease and impairment.

4. WHO definition
•Health is a state of complete physical,
psychological and social well being and
not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.

5. Healthcare?
• Healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of
health via prevention, diagnosis, treatment, recovery or
cure of disease, illness, injury and other physical and
mental impairments in people.
• The fundamental purpose of HC is to enhance quality
of life by enhancing health.

6. Who deliverhealthcare?
• Healthcare professional: the person who delivers
healthcare service within the community in accordance
to the need of the populations he or she serves.
• Healthcare provider: is an individual or a health
facility organization licensed to provide
healthcare services.
• Healthcare providers often receive payments for
their services rendered from health insurance
providers.

7. Healthcare professionals
• In order of HCP to practice his job, he or she has to be:
• Well trained
• Experienced
• Licensed
• Examples:
• Doctors
• Nurses
• Pharmacists
• Physiotherapists
• Laboratory technicians
• Psychologists
• Community health educators

8. HCP skills
• Communication skills (verbal and
written)
• Strong work ethic
• Team work skills
• Initiative
• Interpersonal skills
• Problem solving skills
• Analytical skills
• Flexibility and adaptability
• Computer skills
• Technical skills

9. Types of skills
• Hard
skills
• Soft
skills

10. • Hard skills are related to specific technical knowledge and
training such as computer skills.
• Soft skills are personality traits such as leadership,
communication or time management.
• Both types of skills are necessary to successfully perform and
advance in most jobs.

13. Healthcarefacilities
• Any location where healthcare provided.
• Range from small clinics, poly clinics, dispensaries,
hospitals, healthcare centers, medical nursing homes,
pharmacies, medical laboratory and research centers
etc…

14. Types of HCF
• Profit
• Non profit
(charitable)
• Government

15. ProfitableHCF
• Mostly private HCF.
• Privately funded.
• Investor owned hospitals.
• Their aim is to generate
profits.

16. Non profitableHCF
• A HCF which is organized as a non profit
corporation.
• Funded by charities, associations and
donations.
• Charitable purpose.
• Affiliated with a religious denomination.
• Affiliated with public associations.

17. Government HCF
• Owned by government.
• Fully funded by government.
• Operates solely off the money that is collected from taxpayers to
fund healthcare initiatives.

18. Differences Profit and non profitHCF
Profit HCF Non Profit HCF
Funded by private sectors Funded by charities, associations
and donations
Aim to generate profits and
raise capital
Aim to utilize profits in the facility
Pay property Don’t pay property
Pay income taxes Don’t pay income taxes

19. Similarities Profit and non profitHCF
Profit HCF Non Profit HCF
Provide care for the community Provide care for the community
Well defined strategic plan Well defined strategic plan
Satisfy the objectives and
needs of their stakeholders
Satisfy the objectives and
needs of their stakeholders
Financial challenges Financial challenges
Competition Competition

20. Classification of hospitalservice
• General hospital
• Specialty hospital
• Rehabilitation
hospital
• Long term care
hospital
• Nursing home

21. General hospital
• Provides primarily for the diagnosis and
short-term treatment of patients for a wide
range of diseases or injuries.

22. Specialty hospital
• Provides primarily for the diagnosis and short-term
treatment of patients for a limited range of
diseases or injuries.

23. Rehabilitation hospital
• Provides for the continuing assessment and
treatment of patients whose condition is expected
to improve significantly.

24. Long term carehospital
• Provides primarily for the continuing treatment of
patients with long-term illness or with a low
potential for recovery.

25. Nursing home
• Institution where residents are accommodated who
require
nursing and personal care on a continuing basis.

26. Levels ofcare
• Fours levels of care
• Each level is related to the complexity of the medical cases
being treated as well as the skills and specialties of the
providers.

27. Levels ofcare
• Primary care
• Secondary
care
• Tertiary care
• Quaternary
care

28. Primary carelevel
• Consists of basic curative care, including simple diagnosis and
treatment, provided at the point of entry into the health care
system.
• Most people are familiar with primary care.
• First and most generalized stop for symptoms and medical
concerns.
• Responsible for coordinating your care among specialists and
other levels of care.
• Non invasive procedures done in this level.

29. Primary careproviders
• Doctors
• Nurse practitioners
• Physician assistants
• Some specialties are considered as primary care like
geriatricians, family medicine, pediatricians and OB-GYNs.

30. When do you seek primary care?
• New symptoms of flu.
• Broken bone.
• Headache.
• Skin rash.
• Viral illness.
• Any other medical
problem

31. Secondary carelevel
• Consists of specialized care requiring more sophisticated and
complicated diagnosis and treatment than is provided at the
primary health care level.
• Secondary care is where most people end up when they have a
medical problem that can’t be handled by at the primary care
level.
• When your PCP referred you to a specialist, then you are in
secondary care level.

32. Secondary carelevel
• Secondary care means you will be taken care by someone
who has more specific expertise in what is ailing you.
• Specialists focus on specific body system, specific
disease or condition.
• Cardiologist, endocrinologist, oncologist.
• The specialist should work with your primary care health
team to ensure everyone knows what the other is
recommending.
• Non invasive procedures done in this level.

33. Primary and secondaryproblems
• Sometimes PCP preferred to refer cases for secondary
care level.
• This is called referral.
• Wrong specialty referrals.
• Discoordination.
• Time consuming.
• Increase cost.
• Insurance refused reimbursement.

34. Tertiary carelevel
• Hospitalization
• Once individuals need to be admitted to hospital setting for
further investigations and management.
• Higher level of specialty care.
• Highly specialized equipment and expertise.
• Invasive and non invasive procedure done in this level.
• Its is very important to involve the PCP when individual enters
tertiary care level.

35. Tertiary carelevel
• Consists of highly specialized diagnostic and therapeutic
services which can usually only be provided in centers
specifically designed staffed and equipped for this purpose.

36. Quaternary carelevel
• It is considered to be an extension of tertiary care.
• More specialized.
• Highly unusual.
• Because it is so specific, not every hospital offers quaternary
care.
• Some offers quaternary care for particular medical conditions
such as burns, traumas and specific injuries.

38. • Mr. XYZ is 45 years old male previously healthy complaining of chest
discomfort. He went to his family doctor at the clinic where he did for him
an ECG.
• Primary care level
• The doctor read the ECG where he found an abnormal ECG changes
requiring cardiologist to follow up with him.
• Secondary care level
• The cardiologist assessed the patient and he decided to perform cardiac
catheterization for evaluation of coronary arteries.
• Tertiary care level
• The cardiac catheterization revealed four vessel disease including the
LAD and he had to perform CABG. Mr. XYZ preferred to do the procedure
in a specialized medical center.
• Quaternary care level

39. Healthcaresystem
• Organization of people, institutions, and resources
that deliver healthcare services to meet the health
needs of target populations.
• Organizations or policies in place that are designated to
plan and provided medical care for people.

40. Healthcaresystem
• Any healthcare system may be defined as a collection of
encounters between people. At its simplest, the encounter is
between a patient or care recipient and a professional or
care-giver.
• Each stakeholder in those encounters has their own
perspective, and the reality is that each encounter is part of a
series of encounters with a complex range of stakeholders.

41. Stakeholders
• A stakeholder is a party that has an interest in a company
and can either affect or be affected by the business.
• In business, a stakeholder is any individual, group, or party
that has an interest in an organization and the outcomes of
its actions.
• Stakeholders interact with each other for an interest.
• Different stakeholders have different interests.
• Common examples of stakeholders include employees,
customers, shareholders, suppliers, communities, and
governments.

44. Types of stakeholders

45. HCS components
• Patients and their families
• Care team including all HCP
• Healthcare facilities
• Political and economic environment: conditions under
which the previous three components operate

47. Benefits ofHCS
• Reduced emergency department visits.
• Reduced hospitalizations.
• Reduced hospital readmissions.
• Reduced inappropriate healthcare interventions.
• Reduced duplication of services.
• Care better aligned to patient and family needs.
• Decrease in mortality and morbidity rates.
• Decrease in medical error rates.
• Decreased total health spending and control the
cost.
• A healthier, more supported population.

48. Thank
you