Lecture1 (1).ppt transportation engineering

1. Transportation engineering

2. Introduction
Transportation is defined as the
movement of people and goods to meet
the basic needs of society that require
mobility and access. There are many
examples of transportation movements
that occur daily; a family journeys to
another country to seek better life.

3. A medical emergency requires the
immediate transfer of a patient to a
hospital, a sales executive travels
across the country to attend a
management confrecne.

4. Purpose of transportation engineering
The purpose of transportation engineeringis to provide a
mechanismfor theexchangeof goods, people, informationand to
support economic improvements for society. Transportation
provides the means to travel for purposes of employment or
personal fulfillment andis a necessary condition for human
activities such ad commerce, recreation and defense.

5. Transportation contributes to the economic ,
industrial, social and cultural development of any
country. Transportation is vital for the economic
development of any region since every commodity
produced whether its food ,clothing , industrial
products or medicine needs transport at production
and distribution stages

6. The economic activities are the processes by means
of which the products are utilized to satisfy human
wants. To important factors well know in economic
activity are:
1) Production or Supply
2) Consumption for human wants or demand

7. progress follows the lines of transportation
. Population have always settled along the
river shores, road sides and near the
railway stations .to avoid the congestion
around the populated areas suburban living
and industrial enterprises and developing.
The various social effects of transportation
maybe further elaborated as follows:

8. a) Sectionalism and transportation : improved
transportation has important implication in
reducing sectionalism within the country and
also outside the country. Under developed
colonies and tribes are improving their. Living
condition since the distances have been reduced
with short time of travel. More frequent travels
in other parts of the country and outside of the
country tend to increase knowledge of the other
section of the community.

9. a) Concentration of population into urban area:
the improved transportation network brings
prosperity to urban population the prosperity
and employment opportunities of urban areas
attract the population from other area to
resulting in enhance economic activities.
Adequate mass transportation facilities are
needed to cater for the internal movements in
urban area such as daily movements to
factories, offices, schools, hospitals and other
social needs

10. C) Aspect of safety, law and order: for
rushing aids to affected area, transport is a
must. To maintain law and order at home, it
is required to have an efficient system of
transport network. To defend the territory
of the country against the external
aggression and to guard the borders with
foreign territories, transport facilities are
needed to reach the farthest distances from
the head quarters or capital.

11. 1) Transportation is for Advancements of the
community
2) Transportation in essential for the economic
prosperity and general development of the
country
3) Transportation is essential for strategic
movement in emergency of defence of the
country and to maintain better law and order.

12. There are three basic medium viz. land ,
water and air, the modes of the transport are
also connected with these three mediums for
the movements. Land has given scope for
development of road and rail transport. Water
and air have developed waterways and
airways, respectively.

13. There are four major modes of transportation
which may be enumerated as:
i) Roadways
ii)Railways
iii)Waterways and
iv)Airways

14. These four majors each mode has an establishedmarket, and the
mode compete as wellas cooperate witheach other. The world has
seen profound changes in traveltimein past centuries.In the early
nineteenthcentury, a trip of 300 miles took12 days by stagecoach.
With improved transportation technology, travel timeswere
successively reduced to seven days by canal and boat , theneight
hours by rail, five hours by automobile,and 50 minutesby air

15. The characteristics of road transport
Roads are used by various means of transport
i.e., road vehicles like animal drawn carts and
carriages, cycles, rickshaws, passenger cars, buses
and trucks. But railway trucks are used only by
rail locomotives and wagons, waterways are used
by only ships and boats
Road transport requires a small investments
from government side. Motor vehicles are
comparatively cheaper than other carries like rail
locomotives and wagons.

16. Road transport offers a complete freedom to
road users to transfer vehicles from one lane to
another and from one road to another according
to the need and convenience this flexibility of
changes in direction of travel is not very much
available to other modes of transport.
In particular for short distance travel road
transport saves time. Trains stop at junctions and
main stations for comparatively longer time.

17. Speed of movement is directly related with the
degree of causality. The safety decreases with
increasing dispersion in speed. Road transport is
subjected to a high degree of accidents due to the
flexibility of movements offered to the road users
 Road transport is the only means of transport
that offers itself to the whole community a like

18. Scope of highway engineering
 Development, planning and Location:
Horizontal background, Basis for Planning, master
Plan, Location survey, Selection.
Highway Design, Geometrics and Structure:
Road Geometric and their Pavement, Design
factors and methods; Pavement evaluation and
Overlay design. Design of drainage system.
Traffic Performance and its Control: need for
Roads; Traffic Surveys for geometric design; traffic
regulation and control, intersection design and their
controls with signs, signals , islands, and marking.

19. Construction and maintenance: Highways materials
and mix design, Construction Types viz, Earthen, soil
stabilized, water bound macadam black top surfaces and
cement concrete roads; Construction techniques,
pavement failures, maintenance needed and procedures.
Road drainage.
Economics, Finance and Administration: Road user
cost and economic analysis ; Economics of road system
and types ; funds availability and expenditures;
administration needed at all levels.

20. Assignment I (3 marks)
Write the important of transportation in developed country?