Internet of Things based smart medicine box.pdf

1. 1
Internet of Things based Smart Medicine Box for
Monitoring Medications.
1st Manoj Kumar Shukla
acdcmks@gmail.com,
Symbiosis Institute of Technology,
Symbiosis International (deemed
University), Pune, Maharashtra India
4th
Praveen Kumar Malik
School of Electronics and Electrical
Engineering Lovely Professional
University Jalandhar Punjab India
malikbareilly@gmail.com
2nd
Arshi Naim
Department of Information Systems,
AlSamer, University campus, King
Khalid University, Aseer, Abha, KSA
arshi@kku.edu.sa
5th
Harpreet Bedi
School of Electronics and Electrical
Engineering, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
harpreet.17377@lpu.co.in
3rd
Yerrolla Chanti
School of Computer Science &
Artificial Intelligence, SR University,
Warangal
Yerrollachanti308@gmail.com
6th
Anita Gehlot
Division of Research and Innovation,
Uttaranchal University, Dehradun,
Uttrakhand 248007
dranitagehlot@gmail.com
Abstract— Rapid technological development has made it
possible for creative solutions to improve a variety of areas of
our daily life. The requirement for effective drug management
has grown in significance within the healthcare industry. This
project describes the creation of a smart medicine box powered
by the IoT, that have aims to transform the processes for
dispensing and monitoring medications. The smart medicine
box makes use of IoT technology to provide a complete solution
for managing and ensuring medication adherence. The STM32
board, an IR sensor, a servo motor, gears, a strong box, an
ESP01 wifi module, and jumper wires are the main parts of
this system. Together, these elements form an intelligent and
user-friendly device. The smart medicine box was developed in
response to growing worries about drug mistakes, missing
dosages, and a lack of reliable monitoring systems. This project
addresses these problems by automating the distribution and
tracking of medications by fusing the capabilities of IoT and
precision engineering. Additionally, the smart medicine box
connects to a companion mobile app or online interface,
enabling users and caregivers to remotely monitor prescription
schedules, get reminders, and access thorough medication
histories. Through quick intervention and access to real-time
data, this connectivity equips healthcare professionals to
improve patient safety and medication adherence. An
important development in medication management is the IoT-
based smart medicine box, which offers patients, carers, and
healthcare professionals a dependable and effective option. It
might potentially improve patient outcomes, decrease
prescription errors, increase adherence rates, and streamline
healthcare procedures.
Keywords— Smart Medicine box, IoT, ESP01 wifi, Internet
technology,
I. INTRODUCTION
There is enormous business potential in the Internet-of-
Things (IoT)-based home healthcare services sector, but a
complete platform is still needed. The iHome Health-IoT, an
intelligent home-based platform that fills this gap, is
presented in this study. An open-platform-based intelligent
medicine box that improves connectivity and
interchangeability and makes it easier to integrate devices
and services is a crucial part of the platform [1]. The
suggested medicine box includes an email system to help
patients take the right medication at the right time. In
addition, a server run by a laptop keeps extensive records of
patients and doctors, including medications and appointment
times. To access the server, both doctors and patients need
separate IDs and passwords [2]. CDM is used to seal the
intelligent pharmaceutical packaging, and wireless
communication is used to regulate it. Wearable biomedical
sensors use a wireless connection to gather several important
information. The platform's high-performance architecture
enables on-site diagnostic and prognosis of these parameters.
The user interface is also made to be user-friendly, with a
focus on the needs of the elderly, the disabled, and patients.
Field tests have been checking out the probability of the
prototyping system in use [3]. With the help of IoT and
computer vision techniques, the goal of this project is to
design a creative medical box for those who are visually
impaired. The program consists of a mobile app with a QR
code scanning feature that reads the code on the pharmacy-
supplied pharmaceutical strip. Based on the drug dosing
schedule, it obtains the medication information and creates
voice alarms. The simple box, an ultrasonic, and buzzer are
all connected to an Arduino microcontroller in the second
module. By hitting the available button in the mobile app, the
user can easily identify the medicine box in an interior
setting utilizing sound when they are unable to find it [4].
The IoT platform for modern healthcare suggested in this
study includes sensors for health monitoring, an intelligent
medicine box, and diagnostic tools. In order to improve
communication between patients and doctors, the platform
also includes a WiFi connection and an Android application
[5]. The suggested model includes an intelligent medicine
box that notifies patients when it is time to take their
medications. The method ensures that patients receive
medication changes on their smartphones through
notifications in the Android application by connecting to the
internet [6]. It creates a brand-new class of internet-enabled
intelligent medicine boxes. The device, which is aimed at
senior people who live at home, provides an environment to
store the particular medicines. The system consists of a
smartphone app, a cloud server, and a smart medicine box.
An STM32 IC to manage the proposed box. It implements a
PID algo with pulse width data signals to monitor and
implement a thermal electrical cooling fan, that helps to
provide the suitable environment with temperature that has
been chosen by the users [7].
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
To meet the demands of older residents, an Internet
monitored and controlled box with a camera for reading
prescriptions has been proposed. To efficiently extract
information from the scanned prescription, the system uses a

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variety of preprocessing approaches [8]. Our solution intends
to reduce the cost burden and offer possibilities for remote
care, particularly when hospital resources are few. We can
provide useful health-related technology and services right to
the home environment by utilizing IMedBox (Intelligent
Medicine Box) and an IoT network. This makes it simple for
clinicians to handle and oversee patients from a distance [9].
In this idea, an intelligent medication box with sensors and a
server for routine health monitoring are combined to form a
smart IoT-operated healthcare system. Patients may obtain
daily healthcare services and create seamless connection with
doctors without physically seeing them thanks to the smart
medication box's wireless internet access. The medication
box helps patients stick to their medication regimens by
sending email reminders so that patients must aware to take
medicine at the right time. A laptop-based server is used to
keep precise data on patients and providers, including
prescription information and appointment times [10].
The Smart Medicine Dispenser keeps track of a patient's
daily prescription regimen and tells them appropriately about
which drug to take when. Additionally, it may alert carers
through Wi-Fi whether or not the patient has taken their
medication. The dispenser has various chambers for storing
medications in accordance with daily dosing. To guarantee
that medications are taken on time, it uses an alarm system
and real-time clock module [11]. This study suggests a smart
medicine box that includes functions like monitoring the
heart pulse with body temperature, sending SMS alerts to
carers and doctors, and alerting the patient in case of an
emergency. The usage of IoT makes it possible to upload
temperature and heart rate data to the cloud, where clinicians
can evaluate the data [12]. The suggested system's main goal
is to help seniors who are dependent and patients take their
meds correctly and on time. The approach seeks to avoid
potential drawbacks, such as postponed healing, deteriorated
health, and even death [13] by assuring medication
adherence. This study's intelligent medication box has six
sub-boxes to organize various pills and sends timely
reminders via an Android application or portable devices like
cellphones. Additionally, a biosensor is built in to track
heartbeat and body temperature [14].
For senior people in particular, taking the wrong drug or
using the wrong measurement accidentally might have
catastrophic repercussions. In addition to helping individuals,
this approach makes a substantial contribution to the
healthcare system [15]. We have created a solution that gives
people a smart medicine box with a display to remind them
about their prescriptions in order to handle this duty. The box
also has alarms and light indications to inform users even
when they are dozing off or otherwise occupied. A button
can be positioned at the pill box's top to signal when
medication has been taken [16].
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
The system's core element, the smart medicine box,
offers a safe and convenient location for drug storage. The
STM32 board (fig 1), which serves as the system's primary
processing unit, is located at its core. In order to ensure
accurate drug delivery, it regulates and organizes the actions
of the numerous components. The IR sensor, which detects
the presence of a user close to the smart medication box, is
one of these parts. Only those who have been given
permission can retrieve medications thanks to this sensor,
which acts as an input method for authentication and access
control. The smart medication box can be opened and closed
with precision thanks to the cooperation of the servo motor
and gears. When a user's authentication is successful, the
STM32 board starts the servo motor, which moves the right
set of gears to unlock the relevant compartment and release
the needed medication. This system makes sure the
medication is safely kept and is simple to get to when
needed. Additionally, the ESP01 wifi module enables the
smart medicine box to connect to a companion mobile
application or web interface. This user interface offers users
and caregivers an easy way to obtain detailed prescription
histories, get reminders, and remotely monitor medication
regimens. The mobile app or web interface improves user
convenience by seamlessly integrating the smart medicine
box with the user's device and provides real-time monitoring
of medication-related data.
The functionality and connections between the major
parts of the IoT-based smart medication box are shown in the
block diagram. The IR sensor sends signals to the STM32
board, which then uses the servo motor and gears to precisely
start opening the box based on those inputs. The system's
capabilities are further enhanced by the incorporation of a
mobile app or web interface utilizing the ESP01 wifi module,
which enables remote monitoring and offers a user-friendly
interface for medication administration.
Fig1 Block Diagram of the STM32 based Medicine Box
IV. HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT
The following are the hardware connections for the LoRa-
based Water Monitoring Mote (Fig. 2):
 The STM32 functions as the system's brain. From
the external power supply, power is received.
 The voltage of the Infrared sensor, which detects
the hand to open the medication box, is linked to the
external power supply's 5V, and the ground pin is
connected to the supply's GND. The A2 no pin of
the STM32 board is linked to the data pin of the IR
sensor.
 The servo motor is essential for opening the
medication box since it has gears. The is powered
externally by connecting the voltage and ground
pins of the. The STM32 board's B0 no pin is linked
to the servo motor's signal pin via a wire.
 The B10 not pin of the STM32 board is linked to
the receiver pin of the ESP01 wifi module using a
1k resistor. The ESP01 wifi module has 8 pins total

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accessible in the module. The B11 pin of the
STM32 board is linked to the transmitter pin of the
ESP01 wifi module. The ESP01 wifi module's
voltage pin is attached to the external power
source. A 2.2k resistor attached to the Transmitter
pin connects the GND pin to the ground of the
external power source.
Fig 2. Connection diagram of STM32 based Medicine Box
V. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM
The initialization of the system marks the start of the
algorithm for the IoT-based smart medication box (fig 3).
With the essential pins and interfaces established for
communication with the components, the STM32 board is
set up as the main controller. Additionally, a link is made
to the online interface or mobile app. Following system
initialization, the algorithm watches for the presence of a
user. The presence of a user next to the smart medication
box is continuously checked by the IR sensor. The
algorithm then moves on to user authentication after a user
has been found. Through the web interface or mobile app,
the user is asked for their authentication credentials. The
system's database of authorized users is then used to
compare these credentials. The method advances to the
following stage if the authentication is successful. If not,
authentication is carried out once more.
The algorithm starts the servo motor to start the smart
medication box's opening mechanism after a successful
authentication. To open the precise compartment that the
user has requested, the gears are turned. A visual signal,
like an LED, is offered to help the user find the right
container. The appropriate medication can then be
obtained by the user. Medication tracking and monitoring
features are built into the algorithm. The system's
medication history is updated, and each medicine
retrieval's date, time, and specifics are noted. To ensure
medication adherence, real-time messages or reminders are
given to the user's mobile app or web interface.
The smart medicine box is securely shut when the user
has retrieved the medication. To correctly close the
compartment and protect the integrity of the medicines
kept inside, the servo motor and gears are turned on. The
program then goes back to the stage of waiting for user
proximity to perform the procedure once again. This
enables the smart medication box to run continuously and
serve multiple consumers. Error handling methods are put
in place to deal with system exceptions and errors. These
techniques cover situations like lost or interrupted
communications, bad authentication, or mechanical issues.
The user is given feedback regarding faults or exceptions
via the mobile app or web interface.
Fig. 3. STM32 based Medicine Box
The algorithm also has a termination phase at the end.
This entails turning off the parts, freeing up system
resources, and making sure the connection to the online
interface or mobile app is properly severed.
In conclusion, this algorithm outlines the step-by-step
process for the operation of the IoT-based smart medicine
box. It covers system initialization, user proximity
detection, authentication, precise medication retrieval,
tracking, monitoring, error handling, and system
termination. By following this algorithm, the smart
medicine box can effectively and securely manage
medications, promoting improved patient care.

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Fig. 4. New Blynk2.0 Cloud Mobile App Dashboard
The Blynk2.0 Cloud Mobile App Dashboard, as
depicted in Fig. 4, allows users to see the results of rea
time notifications and alerts.
VI. CONCLUSION
This system offers an original approach to medication
management and adherence, in conclusion. This project
offers a comprehensive system that automates the process
of medication delivery and monitoring by utilizing the
power of IoT technology and includes parts like the
STM32 board, IR sensor, servo motor, and gears…... By
offering a safe and organized storage place for
prescriptions, the smart medicine box solves the issues of
medication errors, missed dosages, and the lack of efficient
tracking methods. By integrating with a mobile app or
online interface, users and caregivers are empowered to
manage prescription schedules and increase adherence
rates through remote monitoring, real-time notifications,
and complete access to medication histories. The IoT-
based smart medicine box has a substantial impact on
patient safety, healthcare results, and general quality of life
due to its potential to transform drug management
methods.
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