1. Regional Development in South Korea Accounting for Research Area in Centrality and Networks Matthew A. Shapiro Min-Ho So Young-Long Kim Han Woo Park
2. Research questions How does Seoul continue to dominate? The Seoul โmacroclusterโ Kim (2010); Sohn and Kenney (2007) Are other regions buregeoning leaders? Key variables Networks between regional innovation systems Regional innovation fosters innovation through UIG relations Policies Focus on particular research areas Emphasis on equalization across regions
3. Research questions (cont.) Dependent variable Centrality of research networks Convergence Variant of Hirshman (1958) R&D without centralization ๏ the possibility remains for catch-up through collaboration Countering Surowiecki(2005)
4. Hypotheses 1) Networks and specialization are a positive function of time Geographies may share expertise based on industrial focus Increased specialization could lead to more networks with other regions 2) Networks are concentrated around single rather than multiple regions 3) The equalization policy has led to convergence in degree centrality across geographic areas
5.
6. Data Longitudinal: 1981-2009 16 geographic areas Seoul, 6 additional cities, 9 provinces 20 ISI subject categories Journal article data Science Citation Index (SCI) database Web of Science Korean residents classified by city/province Coauthorship is assumed to feed knowledge-based innovation across boundaries
7. Method Social network analysis Normalized measures of degree centrality Wasserman and Faust (1994) Exploratory Identifying trends across research specializations Explanatory Why do such trends exist? Each research area assessed in terms of centrality degree and a scale-dependent normalized degree
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. Conclusion Further verification of Shapiro, et al. (2010) Seoul continues to be the main research hub Opportunity for other regions โ besides Gyeonggi and Daejeon โ to replicate Seoul ended in 1994 Why? Application of the Cooperative R&D Promotion Law to Gyeonggi and Daejeon in particular A pattern of convergence Potential for other regions to be drawn in through launching of MEST and MKE Need for structural changes
