The document discusses research on the relationship between testosterone and aggressive behavior. While some studies have found associations between high testosterone levels and aggression in animals and humans, the link is unclear as many other factors are involved. Testosterone appears to stimulate competition and dominance seeking, but is not the sole or main cause of violence. Personality traits and genetic factors also influence how individuals respond to testosterone levels. More research is still needed, especially regarding impacts on female aggression.

1. Testosterone and
Aggressive Behavior
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2. How does testoasterone
effect in behavior
• Men with high testosterone levels can be aggressive and can engage
in violent behavioral law? At least, the popular opinion around
steroids seems to be so.
• Research on the effects of testosterone shows that it helps to
stimulate competition, increase self-esteem and promote happiness.
However, historically, this androgen usually has a reputation for
promoting the dangerous behavioral characteristics of humans.
• At the center of many anti-crime and violence protests, people
focused on singing, claiming that "the world needs less testosterone.

4. High Testosterone and
Aggression
• High testosterone levels or elevated basal concentrations are
associated with aggressive performance, while high cortisol
concentrations are associated with submissive behavior. The
biological balance between testosterone and cortisol is
psychologically equivalent. This statement is usually supported by
the role of testosterone in stimulating aggression in mammals. For
this reason, casting has been practiced in animal husbandry for
centuries, and the testicles are the main source of testosterone
production, while the orchiectomy process is the case.
• Studies in rodents have shown that castration can lead to a
decrease in the effectiveness of combat, which in turn is related to
testosterone. In primates like baboons, people with higher
testosterone levels are generally in higher social status. This main
behavior is also believed to be the result of testosterone.

5. Testosterone Effects on
Human Behavior
• In recent decades, the effects of high testosterone on human behavior have been the focus
of various studies. However, there are too many factors involved, so it is difficult to
determine whether there is a direct link between high testosterone levels and
aggressiveness.
• In any case, there have been many studies on the effects of excessive use of anabolic
steroids on weightlifters and its role in steroid irritation. It is widely believed that violent
prisoners have higher testosterone levels compared to prisoners with less violence.
• Scientists, however, believe that violence can be one of many by-products of strong
biological and reproductive dominance.
• Therefore, reviewing the results so far, it can be assumed that testosterone is not the main
cause of violence. Instead, it encourages individuals to seek supremacy in the social
hierarchy. In addition, testosterone does not seem to be enough to promote violence.
• More and more scientific evidence shows that testosterone has a much smaller influence
than other hormones and chemicals in the body. Only as their accomplices in stimulating
human aggression, antisocial or status-seeking behavior.

7. Influence of testosterone
on neural circuit
• Research investigates the effects of testosterone on brain structures involved in attack and
threat processing. There is evidence of a link between the two teenagers.
• During the study, a group of young people took medications that inhibit testosterone.
Followed by placebo or testosterone to normalize their hormone levels. Then these
individuals were assigned face matching tasks and their brain activity levels were
examined under functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
• It was observed when angry facial expressions were observed. Men who took testosterone
showed increased activity in the amygdala, hypothalamus, and gray areas around the
aqueduct.
• These areas also help determine the brain's threat response and advance the fly-to-fight
decision-making process. In return, they are affected by fear and aggression. Men who
took placebo had much lower responsiveness in these areas.
• Although studies have shown that testosterone has a profound effect on neural circuits
related to human aggression and threat processing. This result is consistent with men
taking testosterone only once.

8. Effects of testosterone
based on personality
• In a recent study on the link between testosterone and male behavioral aggression, scientists determined
that the subject's responsiveness to elevated testosterone levels is also affected by personality and
genetic factors.
• The role of testosterone
• Each person’s personality characteristics, baseline testosterone level and DNA were extracted from
personality questionnaires, saliva and mouthwash samples.
• Then, the participants were given a testosterone stimulating nasal gel or a placebo, and paired to play a
decision game. Provide participants with personal interview questions and show the answers to their
partners.
• In the next stage, they ask to participate in a decision-making game where you can steal points from
others. The game is designed to measure the behavioral attacks caused by stealing points.
• The researchers also asked participants what they thought of the game and their partners. Most
interestingly, the subjects were asked whether they were angry at any stage to gain insight into this
ancient question: Does high testosterone cause anger?
• The results show that men with higher dominance are related to higher independent self-construction and
lower self-discipline. These people are considered to have dangerous personality traits and may be
aggressive due to high doses of testosterone.

9. Testosterone and
aggression in females
• Most experts on this subject believe that this time there is too little research to
fully determine the neural mechanisms that promote female aggression.
• Studies have shown that the degree of influence and indirect correlation of
testosterone on female aggression is the same as that of men. The effect of
cortisol on female aggressiveness remains unclear. Some evidence suggests
that women with higher testosterone levels and lower cortisol levels may exhibit
more aggressive behavior.
• However, in another study, it has been observed to promote only higher
testosterone levels. When women think they are being treated unfairly in
negotiations.
• The researchers randomly chose testosterone and administered it to some
women. A placebo was also made available to other women in the study group.
However, some women who received testosterone told them that they were
given a placebo. Some people who received a placebo said it was testosterone.

11. Bottom-Line
• Most studies have shown that the effects of testosterone
alone on human aggression is inconclusive. However, in
promoting the same behavioral characteristics of men and
women, androgens may be the periphery of other highly
effective hormones.
• In addition, testosterone seems to have a great effect on the
promotion of male dominant behavior. Although some species
may react in a radical way to establish their dominance. In
accordance with social protocols, people are more likely to
practice non-aggressive ways to demonstrate this behavior.

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