medical topic about dysentry

1. Dysentery

2. Definition:
•Clincal syndrome arising from
inflammation of large
intestine(colon) characterized by
frequent stools with (blood and
mucus),tenesmus and abdominal
pain.

4. Classification (according to
causative agents)
•Bacterial (Shigellae)
•Protozoal ( Entamoeba coli and
Balantidium coli)
•Helminthic (Schistosoma)

5. Shegellosis
• 4 groups of Shigella Bacilli , resistant outside the body but destroyed
by heat and disinfectants
• They exit in feces
• Group A : shigella dysenteriae including Shiga bacillus (severe disease
by infection and exotoxin)
• Group B : Shigella flexneri
• Group C : Shigella boydii
• Group D : Shigella sonnei (mild disease)

7. Mode of infection :
Direct: hand to mouth infection.
Indirect : by a common vehicle ( contaminated water, milk or
food)
Incubation period: less than 4 days usually
Period of Communicability : during the acute infection , up to 4
weeks after illness without treatment, 2-3 days with
appropriate treatment or maybe Asymptomatic carriers.

9. Clinical Picture:
Mild ( could be unnoticed)
Acute cases: characteristic symptoms: sudden
onset,fever,prostration,tenesmus, squeezing pain of lower
abdomen and watery stool with fresh blood and mucus (self
limited in few days)
Severe fluminant disease : shiga infection due to toxemia.
Complications:
only in shiga ( dehydration , toxic megacolon and hemolytic-
uremic syndrome maybe fatal.

10. Prevention :
A- Environmental Sanitation :
1-sanitary sewage disposal.
2-safe water supply.
3-food sanitation
B- Health education ( 5 keys of WHO to prevent food borne diseases)
1- Keep clean!!!!
2- separate raw and cooked food.
3-Cook thoroughly and reheat cooked food (boiling of milk)
4-Keep food at safe temperature (refrigeration)
5- Safe water and raw materials (covered from flies)

12. Control:
1- Case: finding, isolation at home , disinfection and treatment
2- Contacts: House hold contacts are excluded from work especially if they're
food handlers or workers in nurseries and schools.
3-Stool cultures to detect carriers and mild cases to be given anti microbial until
they become culture negative.
4-Epidemic measures : investigation of outbreak to detect source of infection (
collecting food remnants for laboratory isolation of oragnism.

13. Diagnosis: Clinically and laboratory by culture of
feces and serological testing.
Treatment : Antimicrobial drugs ( Ciprofloxacin or
Ofloxacin.
Rehydration and rest.

14. THANK YOU !!!